Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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ELECTRIC CURRENT SWITCHING APPARATUS
FIELD
The present invention relates to an electric current switching
apparatus.
BACKGROUND
Many issues affect designing of an electric current switching
apparatus. The design goals include, for instance, ease of assembly of the
switch,
possibility to assemble various switch types, security of use of the switch,
fast
connecting and disconnecting of the contacts and efficient quenching of an arc
firing when the contacts are separated.
SUMMARY
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved electric
current switch.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a
movable contact for an electric switch, comprising:
a first contact blade;
a second contact blade, wherein each of the first contact blade and
the second contact blade includes an assembly hole;
an assembly pin that includes a separation portion having a diameter
greater than the assembly holes of the first and second contact blades thereby
keeping the first and second contact blades separated from each other, the
assembly pin having a contact blade portion on each side of the separation
portion
for insertion to the assembly holes of the contact blade, the assembly pin
further
including, on both sides of the separation portion, a cover portion and an end
portion;
a spring element connectable to the assembly pin for pressing the
contact blades against ends of the separation portion of the assembly pin; and
wherein assembly holes of a cover and the spring element are
arranged inversely to each other such that a first portion of the assembly
hole of
the cover is at a same end as a second portion of the assembly hole of the
spring
element, a second portion of the assembly hole of the cover being greater than
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the first portion of the assembly hole of the cover, and the second portion of
the
assembly hole of the spring element being greater than a first portion of the
assembly hole of the spring element.
In some embodiments, cover portions of the assembly pin are next to the
contact blade portions for receiving at least one of the cover and the spring
element.
In some embodiments, the end portions of the assembly pin are next to
the cover portions, the end portions each having a diameter greater than the
respective cover portion.
In some embodiments, one of the cover portions at a first end of the
assembly pin is longer than another one of the cover portions at a second end
of
the assembly pin for additional mounting of the spring element at the first
end of
the assembly pin.
In some embodiments, the movable contact includes a first cover next to
the first contact blade and a second cover next to the second contact blade.
In some embodiments, the movable contact includes a pivoting hole at
one end of the movable contact for receiving a pivoting pin for pivotal
mounting of
the movable contact to a stationary contact.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a
movable contact for an electric switch, comprising:
a first contact blade;
a second contact blade, wherein each of the first contact blade and the
second contact blade includes an assembly hole;
an assembly pin that includes a separation portion having a diameter
greater than the assembly holes of the first and second contact blades thereby
keeping the first and second contact blades separated from each other, the
assembly pin having a contact blade portion on each side of the separation
portion
for insertion to the assembly holes of the contact blade; and
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a spring element connectable to the assembly pin for pressing the contact
blades against ends of the separation portion of the assembly pin;
wherein a cover portion at a first end of the assembly pin is longer than
another cover portion at a second end of the assembly pin for additional
mounting
of a spring element at the first end of the assembly pin;
wherein a first cover and a second cover each include an assembly hole
of a keyhole type having a first portion and a second portion being greater
than
the first portion, which second portion of the first cover is dimensioned to
allow
one of the end portions of the assembly pin to be inserted through the second
portion, and the first portion is smaller than the one end portion of the
assembly
pin for keeping the first cover in place with respect to the assembly pin when
the
one end portion of the assembly pin moves from the second portion to the first
portion of the first cover, and the second portion of the second cover is
dimensioned to allow another one of the end portions of the assembly pin to be
inserted through the second portion, and the first portion is smaller than the
another one end portion of the assembly pin for keeping the second cover in
place
with respect to the assembly pin when the another one end portion of the
assembly pin moves from the second portion to the first portion of the second
cover.
In some embodiments, the spring element includes an assembly hole of a
keyhole type having a first portion and a second portion being greater than
the
first portion, which second portion is dimensioned to allow one of the end
portions
of the assembly pin to be inserted through the second portion, and the first
portion
is smaller than the end portion of the assembly pin for keeping the spring
element
in place with respect to the assembly pin when the one end portion of the
assembly pin moves from the second portion to the first portion.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a
rotation arrangement for an electric switch, comprising:
a movable contact, comprising:
a first contact blade;
a second contact blade, wherein each of the first contact blade and
the second contact blade includes an assembly hole;
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an assembly pin that includes a separation portion having a
diameter greater than the assembly holes of the first and second contact
blades thereby keeping the first and second contact blades separated
from each other, the assembly pin having a contact blade portion on each
side of the separation portion for insertion to the assembly holes of the
contact blade; and
a spring element connectable to the assembly pin for pressing the
contact blades against ends of the separation portion of the assembly pin;
a rotation mechanism having one or more of the movable contacts and a
stationary contact, wherein the movable contact is pivotally connected to the
stationary contact; and
a rotary actuator for rotating the movable contact,
wherein the pivotal connection between the movable contact and the
stationary contact is arranged within a perimeter of the rotary actuator.
In some embodiments, a first window and a second window of the rotary
actuator are arranged such that the movable contact and the first stationary
contact are in all rotary positions of the rotary actuator divergent from each
other.
In some embodiments, the rotary actuator includes a first window where
the stationary contact exits the rotary actuator, and a second window where
the
movable contact exits the rotary actuator, and
wherein the second window is dimensioned such that movable contact
placed therein is substantially immovable with respect to the rotary actuator.
In some embodiments, the first window and the second window of the
rotary actuator are arranged such that the movable contact and the first
stationary
contact are in all rotary positions of the rotary actuator divergent from each
other.
In some embodiments, the assembly pin includes a cover portion next to
each of the contact blade portions for receiving at least one of a first or
second
cover and the spring element, and
wherein the assembly pin includes an end portion next to each of the cover
portions, the end portions each having a diameter greater than the respective
cover portion.
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In some embodiments, the movable contact includes the first cover next
to the first contact blade and the second cover next to the second contact
blade.
In some embodiments, one of the cover portions at a first end of the
assembly pin is longer than another one of the cover portions at a second end
of
the assembly pin for additional mounting of the spring element at the first
end of
the assembly pin.
In some embodiments, the first cover and the second cover each include
an assembly hole of a keyhole type having a first portion and a second portion
being greater than the first portion, which second portion of the first cover
is
dimensioned to allow one of the end portions of the assembly pin to be
inserted
through the second portion, and the first portion is smaller than the one end
portion of the assembly pin for keeping the first cover in place with respect
to the
assembly pin when the one end portion of the assembly pin moves from the
second portion to the first portion of the first cover, and the second portion
of the
second cover is dimensioned to allow another one of the end portions of the
assembly pin to be inserted through the second portion, and the first portion
is
smaller than the another one end portion of the assembly pin for keeping the
second cover in place with respect to the assembly pin when the another one
end
portion of the assembly pin moves from the second portion to the first portion
of
the second cover.
In some embodiments, the spring element includes an assembly hole of a
keyhole type having a first portion and a second portion being greater than
the
first portion, which second portion is dimensioned to allow one of the end
portions
of the assembly pin to be inserted through the second portion, and the first
portion
is smaller than the end portion of the assembly pin for keeping the spring
element
in place with respect to the assembly pin when the one end portion of the
assembly pin moves from the second portion to the first portion.
In some embodiments, assembly holes of the first cover and the spring
element are arranged inversely to each other such that the first portion of
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the assembly hole of the first cover is at a same end as the second portion of
the
assembly hole of the spring element.
In some embodiments, the movable contact includes a pivoting hole at
one end of the movable contact for receiving a pivoting pin to pivotal
mounting of
the movable contact to a stationary contact.
DRAWINGS
In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail by means
of some embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a switch module;
Figure 2 shows another view of the switch module;
Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a movable contact;
Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a contact assembly;
Figure 5 shows another view of the contact assembly;
Figure 6 shows another view of the contact assembly;
Figure 7 shows another view of the contact assembly;
Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a quenching plate assembly;
Figure 9 shows another view of the quenching plate assembly;
Figure 10 shows another view of the quenching plate assembly;
Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a module housing;
Figure 12 shows another view of the module housing;
Figure 13 shows another view of the module housing;
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Figure 14 shows an embodiment of a stationary contact assembly ar-
rangement;
Figure 15 shows an embodiment of two different stationary contacts;
Figure 16 shows another view of two different stationary contacts;
Figure 17 shows a display arrangement of a contact module; and
Figure 18 shows another view of a display arrangement of a contact mod-
ule.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Electric switches typically comprise a few switch modules/poles, which are
stacked together to build multi-pole switches. Each module may comprise an
insulat-
ing housing, which houses the electrical components of the switch modules.
Each
module housing may comprise a first housing half and a second housing half
made
of plastic, for instance, to be assembled together to form a switch module.
The hous-
ing modules may be substantially rectangular.
Figure 1 shows one embodiment of an electric switch module showing the
first housing 102 equipped with the components of the module. The second
housing
of the switch module to be assembled against the first housing 102 for forming
the
module and covering the switch components is not shown.
Figure 1 shows two stationary contacts 110, 112 at the opposite ends of
the module and movable contacts 130 that are to be moved between open and
closed positions of the switch. To perform the rotary action of the movable
contacts
130, the device comprises a rotary actuator 120.
The switch may also comprise a quenching chamber housing one or more
quenching plates 140 used for quenching an arc that fires between the contacts
when the movable contact is disconnected from the stationary contact(s).
Figure 2 shows the switch module of Figure 1, however in a different ro-
tary position than in Figure 1. In Figure 1, the switch is in open position in
which the
movable contacts 130 are separated from the stationary contact 112. In Figure
2, the
switch is in closed position, where the movable contact 130 is in contact with
the sta-
tionary contact 112.
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The stationary contact 110 comprises a connection portion 110A to be
connected to an external conductor. The connection portion 110A is preferably
ar-
ranged substantially perpendicularly to the wall of the housing 102. The
stationary
contact further comprises a contact portion 110B to be connected to the
movable
contact. It can be seen that the connection portion 110A and the contact
portion
110B are arranged to an angle with respect to each other, that is they are not
parallel
with each other. Similarly in the stationary contact 112, the connection
portion and
the contact portion are arranged in an angle to each other, which tilting of
the two is
arranged inside the housing.
In the shown embodiment, the first stationary contact 110 is pivotally con-
nected to the movable contact. The stationary contact remains stationary
during the
operation of the switch. The movable contact pivots between the two extreme
posi-
tions shown in Figures 1 and 2. The pivotal connection between the first
stationary
contact 110 and the movable contact 130 is arranged inside the rotary actuator
120,
that is, inside the perimeter of a cross section of the actuator. Preferably,
the pivot
axis of the pivotal connection coincides with the rotation axis of the rotary
actuator
120.
In an embodiment, the connection portions of the stationary contacts 110,
112 are parallel and aligned with each other, that is they are at the same
plane. As
the contact portions of the stationary contacts point substantially towards
the rotation
axis of the rotary actuator, the rotation axis of the actuator 120 lies below
the plane
of the connection portions of the stationary contacts 110, 112.
As the bold arrows indicate in Figure 2, when the contact is closed, the
current path forms substantially a letter V at the contact portion of the
first stationary
contact and the movable contact. Preferably, the V-form extends to the contact
por-
tion of the second stationary contact 112 such that the movable contact 130
and the
contact portion of the second stationary 112 contact are substantially
parallel with
each other.
In the current path, the angle of the branches of the V is at its smallest
when the movable contact barely touches the second stationary contact 112. At
that
point, the magnetic forces in the branches of V, that is, in the first
stationary contact
110 and in the movable contact 130 oppose each other, and are at their
greatest,
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causing the movable contact to turn away from the first stationary contact.
Thereby
the force alleviates the making of the contact of the movable contact and the
second
stationary contact. This phenomena is especially advantageous in closing the
switch
against great short-circuit currents. If we assume that the nominal current of
the
switch is 4 kA, the short-circuit current may be as high as 80 kA, for
instance. At
such great currents, the V-profiled current path greatly assists in closing
the switch.
Thus, in the switch, the angle between the movable contact and the first
stationary contact is greater when the switch is closed than the angle between
the
two when the switch is open. Here the angle between the two refers to the
smaller
angle, which is below 180 degrees if the contacts are assumed to originate
from the
pivot point between the two. Preferably the angle between the two is less than
170
degrees when the switch is closed, more preferably between 110 to 160 degrees.
Figure 2 shows also a receptacle 114 in the first stationary contact 110,
and a receptacle 116 in the second stationary contact 112, which are used to
fix the
stationary contacts to the housing 102. The shown receptacles 114, 116 are to
be
set against a housing module that closes the housing module 102 shown in
Figure 2.
There are similar receptacles in the stationary contacts 110, 112 on the
opposite
side of the stationary contacts to be set against the module 102.
Figure 3 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a movable contact
130. The parts of the movable contact are a first contact blade 131, a second
contact
blade 132, an assembly pin 138, a first cover 133, a second cover 134, and a
spring
element 136.
The movable contact 130 makes an electrical connection with the station-
ary contact by receiving the stationary contact between the first and second
contact
blades 131, 132. The side 132C of the contact blade 132 that receives the
stationary
contact may be slanted to assist in receiving the stationary contact between
the
blades. The contact blade also comprises an assembly hole 132A for receiving
the
assembly pin 138 when the movable contact is assembled, and an pivoting hole
132B for receiving a pivoting pin when the movable contact is arranged
together with
stationary contact.
The movable contact may comprise first and second cover portions 133,
134, where the first cover portion 133 is placed next to the first contact
blade 131,
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and the second cover portion 134 is placed next to the second contact blade
132.
The contact blades 133, 134 may be similar to each other and when the movable
contact is assembled, the cover portions 133 and 134 come mutually in opposite
ro-
tation position to each other.
5 The cover
portion 133 comprises a side portion 133C covering and pro-
tecting the contact blade from the side. The cover portion 133 may be
symmetric
such that there is a similar side portion on the other side of the cover
portion. On the
top side, the cover portion may comprise an assembly hole 133A for receiving
the
assembly pin 138, and a pivoting hole 133B for receiving the pivoting pin.
lo The movable
contact also comprises a spring element 136 on one side of
the movable contact. Alternatively, another spring element may also be
provided on
the other side of the movable contact. The spring element comprises an
assembly
hole 136A for receiving the assembly pin 138, and a receptacle 136B for
receiving
the pivoting pin. As can be seen, the assembly hole converges to the right,
that is,
the hole is at its greatest on the left in Figure 3, and smallest to the
right. The spring
element further comprises a top portion 136C, and two tilted portions 136D,
136E
extending towards the first cover 133. At the ends of the spring element,
there are
provided projections 136F, 136G that are tilted such that extend away from the
first
cover 133.
The assembly pin 138 comprises a separation portion 138A, which de-
fines the distance between the contact blades 131, 132. That is, the diameter
of the
separation portion 138A is greater than the diameter of the assembly hole 132A
of
the contact blade 132, whereby the contact blades set against the ends of the
sepa-
ration portion 138A.
The assembly pin 138 further comprises a first contact blade portion 138B
and a second contact blade portion 138C, which are to be placed into the
assembly
holes of the contact blades, that is, the diameter of the assembly hole 132A
is
greater than the diameter of the contact blade portion 138B, which in turn is
greater
than the assembly hole 133A of the cover. When assembled, the cover thus stops
the contact blade portion 138B and sets against the end of it. In an
embodiment, the
thickness of the contact blade 131 is slightly greater than the length of the
contact
blade portion 138B. Thereby if the contact blade wears and becomes thinner,
there
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is some clearance and the contact spring can still apply a pressing force for
pressing
the contact blade against the separation portion 138A of the pin 138.
As Figure 3 shows, the assembly hole 133A has a form of a keyhole hav-
ing a first end with a greater diameter/aperture, and a second end with a
smaller di-
ameter/aperture. The assembly pin 138 has a cover portion 138D and an end
portion
138F having a greater diameter than the cover portion 138D. It can be seen
that the
cover portion 138D in one end of the assembly pin is longer than the cover
portion
138E at the other end of the pin 138. The reason is that the cover portion
138D is as
long as the assembly hole 133A and the assembly hole 136A of the spring 138 to-
gether. In the other end of the pin 138, it is sufficient that the length of
the cover por-
tion 138E equals to the thickness of the cover portion 134.
When the movable contact is assembled, the connection pin is put
through the assembly holes in the contact blade 131, cover portion 133 and the
con-
tact spring 136A. The cover portion 138B is locked to the contact pin by
moving the
cover portion to the right, whereby the cover portion sets into the small end
of the
assembly hole 133B of the cover portion. The spring element 136 is locked to
the
contact pin by moving the contact pin to the left, whereby the cover portion
of the pin
enters the smaller end of the assembly hole 136A of the spring.
The contact blades may be made of the copper and be coated with silver,
for instance. The cover portion, the spring element and the assembly pin may
be
made of steel to obtain more contact power due to magnetic forces.
The shown structure provides an important advantage in that the contact
blades can be made straight, and there is no need for provision of projections
on the
surfaces of the contact blades to keep them separated.
Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of a contact arrangement from two
viewing directions. The contact arrangement comprises a stationary contact
110, a
movable contact 130 and a rotary actuator 120.
When the stationary contact 110 and the movable contact 130 are as-
sembled together, the movable contacts are set in the proximity of the
projections
114A, 114B and 114C. Each of the projections is provided for mounting one of
the
shown three contact blade structures to the stationary contact. The contact
blades of
each contact blade structure are set to opposite sides of the respective
projection
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such that the pivoting holes of the contact blade structures coincide with the
pivoting
holes 116 in the projections 114A, 114B and 114C. When the holes are aligned
with
each other, a pivoting pin 135 is pushed through all the holes, whereby the
contact
blade structures become pivotally connected to the stationary contact 110.
Thereafter, the assembled structure of the stationary contact and the
movable contact is assembled to the rotary actuator 120. This is carried out
pushing
the assembled structure partly through the actuator. The actuator 120
comprises two
apertures, one on each side of the actuator. Shown in Figure 4, there is
provided a
first aperture 122 on one side of the actuator, and shown in Figure 5, there
is pro-
vided a second aperture 127 on the opposite side of the actuator. In the
embodiment
of Figures 4 and 5, there are practically three second apertures 127A-127C
corre-
sponding to three contact blade assemblies. However, the embodiments are not
re-
stricted to exactly three contact blades and apertures, but the number of
contact
blades and apertures may vary from 1 to 5, for instance.
In the assembly of the stationary contact and the movable contact to the
rotary actuator, the movable contacts are pushed in the actuator from the
first aper-
ture 122 such that each of the contact blade assemblies sets to their
respective
spaces separated by walls 124. The contact blades are pushed further such that
their ends exit the actuator from the apertures 127A to 127C. At that stage,
the pro-
jections of the stationary contact have entered the interior of the actuator.
When the
assembly is ready, the pivoting pin 135 sets inside the actuator, preferably
to the
rotation axis of the actuator 120.
In use, the stationary contact is arranged stationary to the housing, but the
rotary actuator may rotate within the housing. The rotation of the rotary
actuator with
respect to the stationary contact is defined by the upper wall 126 and the
lower wall
128. In one extreme rotary position of the actuator 120, that is the open
position, the
top wall 126 of the actuator 120 sets against the top surface of the contact
portion
110B of the stationary contact 110. In the other extreme rotary position of
the actua-
tor, that is the closed position of the switch, the lower wall 128 of the
aperture sets
against the bottom surface 110C of the stationary contact 110. The edges of
the ap-
erture 122 thus define the rotary angle of the rotary actuator 120. On the
other side
of the rotary actuator, the second apertures 127A to 127C are dimensioned such
that
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the movable contacts, or the contact blade assemblies, are substantially
fixed/immovable with respect to the rotary actuator 120, that there is tight
fitting be-
tween the two. The movement of the movable contact(s) thus follows the
rotation of
the rotary actuator.
Figures 6 and 7 further highlight the contact arrangement. In Figure 6, the
movable contacts 130 have been assembled to the stationary contact 110. The
movable contact of Figure 6 comprises three contact blade arrangements. Each
con-
tact blade arrangement comprises two contact blades separates from each other
to
receive a stationary contact between the blades.
lo The assembly
is completed by pushing the connection pin 135 through
holes provides in the projections of the stationary contact, and the movable
contacts.
When the movable contacts are mounted to the stationary contact with the pin,
the
movable contacts are freely pivotable about the stationary contact. The amount
of
mutual pivoting of the movable contact and the stationary contact is, however,
limited
by the rotary actuator shown in Figure 7.
Figure 6 also shows mounting recesses 117 and 118 in the stationary
contact. The purpose of the mounting recesses is to mount the stationary
contact to
the switch module housing. There may be provided similar recesses on both
sides of
the stationary contact. The first mounting recess 117 is provided for keeping
the sta-
tionary contact in place in horizontal direction. The second mounting recess
is pro-
vided for fitting a thick stationary contact to a housing module which can
receive also
thinner stationary contacts. The second mounting recess 118 may extend the
whole
width, from one side to the other side of the stationary contact.
Figure 7 shows two indications 123, 125 indicating the rotary position of
the switch. The first indication 123 may indicate that the switch is in the
open posi-
tion, and the second indication 125 that the switch is in the closed position.
The indi-
cations may comprises written words, such as "OPEN" and "CLOSED" or may in-
clude a colour indications using green and red, for instance.
The indications may be provided on a wall section of the actuator, which
wall section is between the first and second apertures of the actuator. The
indica-
tions may be provided on the wall by any known means, such as by writing,
carving,
or by attaching a sticker, for instance. The indications, such as text, symbol
or colour
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indications, are preferably provided on the actuator perpendicularly to the
rotation
direction of the actuator.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a switch module housing 102 equipped
with the components of the switch. The switch is shown in the closed position,
where
the movable contact is in contact with the second stationary contact 112. The
hous-
ing comprises a second window 106, which shows the text CLOSED in this case.
The housing also shows a support structure 108 to provide mechanical strength
to
the module when the housing halves are mounted together. In an embodiment, the
support structure 108 comprises a receptacle for receiving a pin of a housing
half
that is to be mounted to the shown housing half 102.
The support structure is positioned inside the housing next to a wall of the
housing and may be substantially aligned with the centre of the actuator in
longitudi-
nal direction of the module. The support structure may be positioned between
the
windows 104, 106 such that the base of the support structure forms at least
part of a
housing wall residing between the windows. The windows may be implemented as
apertures in the housing, to which housing a transparent plastic or glass
window can
be arranged.
During use, the support structure 108 hides the text OPEN behind it such
that it is substantially invisible from the first window when the switch is in
the closed
position. When the switch is rotated to the open position, the text OPEN
emerges
from behind the support structure 108 and is shown in the first window 104,
which is
closer to the first stationary contact 110 than the second window 106. When
the
switch is in the OPEN position, the text CLOSED is situated behind the support
structure 108 and is substantially invisible from the second window 106.
In this way the security of the device can be greatly improved and com-
bined when providing sufficient mechanical support for the module. The support
sec-
tion covers the indication that is not relevant at the particular moment, and
the rota-
tion of the rotary actuator is utilized in providing the indication.
Figure 8 also shows a quenching chamber 140 of the housing, which
houses one or more quenching plates for quenching an arc that fires when the
mov-
able contact is separated from the stationary contact 112. In the quenching
chamber,
the quenching plate 142 that lies closest to the stationary contact 112
touches the
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stationary contact. This has the important advantage that when the contacts
are
separated, the current is moved from the contact surface of the stationary
contact to
the point where the quenching plate touches the stationary contact. This saves
the
contact surface of the stationary contact 112 from the arc burning the
contact.
5 In an
embodiment, the quenching plate 142 and the other quenching
plates are straight such that their both surfaces are direct plane surfaces.
In another
embodiment, the quenching plate(s), especially the first quenching plate 142
has a
tilted portion 142A at the back of the plate. The tilted rear portion 142 is
thus diver-
gent from the general plane level of the plate. The first quenching plate 142
is
10 mounted in
such a way to the housing 102 that its protrusion 142A pointing towards
the stationary contact 112 is in contact with the stationary contact.
The quenching plate 142 comprises a front portion located close to the
contact area of the movable contact 130 and the stationary contact 112, and a
rear
portion that resides at a distance from the contact area, and the contact
between the
quenching plate 142 and the stationary contact is arranged at the rear portion
of the
quenching plate 142. The contact area between the two can be as small as
possible
to ensure catching the arc at the rear portion of the plate. The principal
plane of the
quenching plate and the stationary contact may be mutually slightly divergent
such
as to ensure that the contact area is small. In this way, the burning arc is
quickly
moved away from the contact area. As Figure 8 shows, this area where the rear
por-
tion 142A is the extreme point of the quenching plate 142 when seen from the
con-
tact area.
It can be seen that the stationary contact 112 comprises a contact portion
to be contacted by the movable contact 130, and a connection portion to be con-
tacted by a conductor, wherein the contact portion is divergent from the
connection
portion. The contact between the quenching plate 142 and the stationary
contact 112
is arranged at the contact portion close to the area where the contact portion
turns to
the connection portion. In this way, the quenching plates can keep their
position such
that their plane surface points substantially towards the rotation axis of the
rotary
actuator, whereby the quenching plates are always perpendicularly to the
movable
contact 130 when it moves away from the stationary contact 112.Figure 9 shows
the
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tilting of the quenching plate 142A from another viewing angle. The tilting
may ex-
tend substantially the whole width of the stationary contact and the quenching
plate.
Figure 9 highlights also mounting of the stationary contact to the module
housing. The shown embodiment is especially advantageous, since the housing is
capable of receiving stationary contacts of different thicknesses. The
manufacturing
of a mould for the module housing is very expensive and it is therefore
advanta-
geous that the same housing module could be used for switches having different
nominal currents.
The embodiment achieves this by having a projection 109 at an aperture
of the housing where the stationary contact 112 is to be mounted. Figure 9
shows a
thick stationary contact where the stationary contact comprises a recess 118
for re-
ceiving the projection 109. When the stationary contact is mounted to the
housing,
the projection 109 in the housing fills the recess 118 in the stationary
contact.
If assumed that the switch to be equipped would have a smaller nominal
current, the stationary contact could be made thinner. In such as case, the
stationary
contact has no such recess 118 as the shown stationary contact. The stationary
con-
tact would then lie on the projection 109.
The housing may comprise another projection, which fills the recess 117
in the stationary contact. This joint prevents the stationary contact from
moving in
longitudinal direction of the stationary contact, that is, to the left and
right in the
shown embodiment. Such a recess 117 may be provided both in the thick and thin
stationary contacts.
Figure 10 further highlights the structure of the quenching plates and the
co-operation between the quenching plates and the movable contacts. In Figure
10,
the shown quenching plate is the furthermost quenching plate from the
stationary
contact, but the quenching plate closest to the stationary contact may be
assumed to
be a similar plate. The plate may otherwise be planar, but it comprises a bent
portion
142A, which points towards the stationary contact such that the quenching
plate
closest to the stationary contact touches the stationary contact when mounted
to the
switch. The quenching plate 142 may further comprise one or more projections
142B, 142C, which project towards the movable contacts. It may be arranged
such
that each contact blade assembly fits between a pair of projections whereby
the pro-
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12
jections are between the contact blade assemblies when the movable contact
moves. The projections and the base there between form substantially a form a
letter
U. The projections provide an important advantage in that the arc is immediate
caught away from burning with the movable contact. The quenching plate shown
in
Figure 10 has thus the advantage that is efficiently protects the stationary
contact by
catching the arc to the projection 142A, and it protects the movable contact
by catch-
ing the other end of the arc to the projections 142B or 142C.
Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a module housing half 102. The hous-
ing comprises various projections and recesses for connecting to matching
elements
in the other housing half, thereby ensuring a mechanical strength of a module
when
the housing halves are mounted together. In the case of alternating current
where
the current changes often its direction, especially at high short circuit
currents, the
forces that shake and attempt to separate the modules/poles are very strong.
It is
thus important to have elements that provide the mechanical strength evenly
distrib-
over the area of the housing.
In the situation of Figure 11, this has been achieved by providing a sup-
port element, such as a receptacle 108 at top of the housing above the recess
for the
actuator. In the shown embodiment, this support element is advantageously
utilized
by providing two windows 104, 106 on both sides of the support element 108.
These
windows are co-operatively coupled to the operation of the rotary actuator.
The ro-
tary actuator has printed, carved, or indicated some other way on its surface
the
open and closed positions of the switch. The indications are visible from
either of the
windows 104, 106 to the user of the device. This provides a great security
advantage
as a user can immediately ensure whether the switch is in a connected state or
not.
Direct indication of the rotation position of the roll is advantageous
compared to the
indication of the rotation position of the rotation mechanism, as the
mechanism may
give a faulty indication if some internal switch mechanism element is broken.
By way
of an example, if the rotary mechanism of a switch breaks, a rotary actuator
may not
rotate even if the rotation mechanism is rotated. It may then occur that the
switch is
closed even if the rotation mechanism indicates that the switch would be open.
The
shown solution avoids this disadvantage as the actual rotation position of the
rotary
actuator can always be verified.
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Figure 11 also highlights the implementation of the apertures in the hous-
ing that receive the stationary contacts. There is a first aperture 103 at one
end of
the module, and a second aperture 105 at the opposite end of the substantially
rec-
tangular housing. The apertures are preferably at the same heights in the
module.
The dimensions of the apertures may, however be slightly different from each
other.
The opening for housing the actuator may be placed substantially in the middle
of
the module in the left-right direction in Figure 11. As the movable contact
and the
quenching chamber require some space, there is less space for the stationary
con-
tact on the right. The second stationary contact may be shorter than the first
station-
ary contact and some space may also be saved in that the aperture 105
receiving
the second stationary contact is shorter than the aperture 103 receiving the
first sta-
tionary contact.
The aperture comprises a first projection 109 which allows mounting of
stationary contacts of two different thicknesses to the aperture. Despite the
different
thicknesses, the stationary contacts have the same width. The width of the
stationary
contacts is substantially double the width of the aperture 103 shown as half
of the
stationary contact sets into the aperture 103 and the other half to the other
module
housing to be assembled to the shown housing.
It can be seen that the projection is placed, in the embodiment of Figure
11, parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stationary contact. The
projection is
arranged such that it extends from the bottom wall of the aperture.
Preferably, the
projection residing at the edge of the aperture fills only a small part of the
width of
the bottom wall. The height of the projection corresponds to the thickness
difference
of the two stationary contacts.
In a thicker stationary contact, there is a recess corresponding to and re-
ceiving the projection 109, whereby the rest of the stationary contact sets
against the
bottom surface of the recess 103. The thinner stationary has no such recess,
whereby the bottom of the thinner stationary contact sets against the top
surface of
the projection 109.
Both the thin and thick stationary contacts may comprise a vertical recess
for receiving the projection 107. The vertical and horizontal projections 107,
109 form
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substantially a letter T. They may extend equally long away from the side wall
sur-
face of the aperture.
Figure 12 shows another view of the already discussed features. It can be
seen that the middle of the aperture receiving the actuator lies lower than
the aper-
tures 103, 105 of the housing receiving the stationary contacts. This provides
an im-
portant advantage in that the current path becomes a letter V at the position
where
the movable contact is to contact the stationary contact thereby alleviating
the mak-
ing of the connection.
There is also another important advantage obtained. In a switch having a
high nominal current, there may be a need to connect the stationary contact
outside
the switch module to one or more additional current conducting rails, which
may
have thicknesses equal to the thickness of the stationary contact. The holes
provided
in the stationary contact shown in Figures 6 and 7 may be used for that
purpose.
Even in such a situation it should be ensured that the current conductors lie
at a pre-
determined distance from the bottom of the housing in the viewing angle of
Figure
12. Due to this, the positioning of the apertures higher than the middle line
of the
housing module provides an important additional advantage that there is enough
space available below the stationary contacts. This can be seen from Figure
13,
where the stationary contacts 110, 112 exit the housing such that the top
level of the
stationary contact is substantially at the same level as the top edge of the
rotary ac-
tuator 120.
Figure 12 shows how the first projection 109 extends from the bottom sur-
face 103A and a side surface of the aperture. The term bottom refers to the
surface
of the aperture that is lowest in the usage position of the switch as shown in
Figure
12. Alternatively, the projection could extend from the top surface of the
aperture
downwards.
Figure 12 shows also the top surface 109A of the first projection. The
lower surface of the thinner stationary contact sets against the top surface
of the pro-
jection. Also the bottom side of a recess of the thicker stationary contact
sets against
the top side of the projection 109A.
Figure 13 shows a situation, where a thinner stationary contact for a
smaller nominal current, such as 3150 A, is introduced into the switch module
having
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a principal nominal current of 4000 A. It can be seen that the lower surface
110C of
the stationary contact 110 lies over the horizontal projection 109 in the
aperture 103.
It is especially advantageous to arrange the horizontal projections 109
such that they are on the side of the aperture 103 that is closer to the
middle line of
5 the switch housing. In Figure 13, this side is the bottom side of the
aperture. In this
way, the stationary contact may be arranged as high as possible in the
situation of
Figure 13.
In Figure 13, the projection resides only at the edges of the aperture,
whereby there is an open space under the thinner stationary contact 110, 112
be-
10 tween the shown projection 109 and a corresponding aperture in the
housing module
that is to be mounted to the shown module. This aperture has an advantage that
it
provides additional cooling for the thinner stationary contact.
Figure 13 shows that there are recesses in both windows 104 106 for re-
ceiving a transparent window element therein. The window element may be a
plastic
15 or glass window element. Preferably, the mounting of the window element
is ar-
ranged such that one window element can cover both windows. The housing may
comprise a groove, which houses the window element between the windows 104,
106 such that the window element is not visible to the outside as shown in
Figures
17 and 18. This solution provides the advantage that mounting of the window
ele-
ment is simple as there is need only for one window element. Furthermore, the
mounting of the window element is mechanically very strong, as the window
element
is mechanically supported at the middle of the window.
Figures 14 and 15 highlight another embodiment for mounting of the sta-
tionary contacts to the housing. Figure 14 shows a housing 202, which
comprises an
aperture 203 for receiving a stationary contact. To the aperture, there is
formed a
first projection 209, which projects from the bottom of the aperture.
Similarly as in the
previously shown embodiments, such as Figure 13, the projection is formed inte-
grally and non-detachably to the housing. Preferably, the projection is formed
to the
housing by injection moulding as in the embodiment of Figure 12. Instead of a
single
projection 209 as shown in Figure 14, the housing may also comprise two or
more
projections, such as studs, having spaces between the projections.
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The projection 209 is formed within the interior of the aperture. The inte-
rior of the aperture refers here to the space at the aperture which is between
the in-
ner and outer walls of the housing. Similarly, a recess of the stationary
contact that
receives the projection is provided such that the recess resides within the
interior of
the aperture when the stationary contact is mounted to the housing.
The embodiment of Figure 14 differs from the embodiment of Figure 13 in
that the projection extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the
stationary
contact when mounted to the aperture. The projection extends thus along the
width
of the stationary contact. This has the effect that even in the case of a
thinner sta-
ll) tionary contact, the housing stays closed and there remains no void
space under the
thinner stationary contact when mounted to the aperture.
Figure 14 shows also a second projection 207 which may be provided for
locking the stationary contact in longitudinal direction to the housing. The
locking
member 207 is arranged transversely/perpendicularly to the first projection
209.
Figure 15 highlights two different stationary contacts 210, 310. The thinner
stationary contact is 15 mm thick, and the thicker stationary contact 310 is
20 mm
thick. In the shown embodiment, both of the stationary contacts have a second
re-
cess 217, 317 for receiving the locking member 207 of the housing.
The thicker stationary contact 310 has an additional first recess 318 for
receiving the first projection 209 of the housing.
Thus, both stationary contacts of Figure 15 can be mounted to the hous-
ing 202 of Figure 14. The thinner stationary contact 210 sets against and
above the
first projection 209, whereas the first recess 318 of the thicker stationary
contact 310
sets against the projection 209. The rest of the thicker stationary contact
310 thus
sets against the bottom surface 203A of the recess 203.
Figure 16 shows the two different stationary contacts from another view-
ing angle. It can be seen that the stationary contact 210 for a smaller
nominal current
has a recess 217 only for the locking member of the housing. The stationary
contact
310 for the higher nominal current has a recess 317 for the locking member and
a
recess 318 for the compensating means, that is, for the first projection 209.
The two
recesses in the stationary contact 310 are on different sides of the contact.
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It is noted that both stationary contacts have the same width, which in
Figure 16 is the direction of the recess 318.
In a further embodiment, stationary contacts may be mounted to the
switch housing by providing compensation means on the stationary contact
instead
of the housing. In this embodiment, the housing comprises an aperture, which
is
sized for receiving, by a substantially tight fitting, the thicker stationary
contact of the
two stationary contacts. The thinner stationary contact may comprise one or
more
projections, whose length corresponds to the thickness difference of the two
station-
ary contacts, that is may be 5 mm, for instance.
lo In a further
embodiment, the aperture comprises recesses, and both the
stationary contacts comprise projections. The difference between the length of
the
projections correspond to the thickness difference of the stationary contacts.
Figures 17 and 18 highlight the implementation of the switch status indica-
tion. There are provided two windows 104, 106 at the outer surface of the
housing.
The actuator 120 projects out from the housing on the right hand side. When
the ro-
tary actuator 120 is turned clockwise, the movable contact rotates towards the
closed position, and turning the actuator switches the switch to the open
position.
The open position is shown in Figure 17, and the closed position in Figure 18.
The indications CLOSED/OPEN and provided on the actuator. The "open"
indication is in the actuator closer to the first stationary contact 110,
whereby this
indication is shown in the first window 104. The "closed" indication is closer
to the
second stationary contact 112, whereby this indication is shown in the second
win-
dow 106.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology ad-
vances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The
invention
and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may
vary
within the scope of the claims.
