Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02898836 2016-11-14
55414-3
STEPLESS VARIABLE AUTO STROKE HYDRAULIC BREAKER SYSTEM
BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present invention relates to a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic
breaker
system and, more particularly, to a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic
breaker system
capable of reducing impact energy reflected in the event of an idle blow by
detecting, via a
vibration sensor, a frequency or the number of vibrations generated when a
chisel breaks
objects such as bedrocks, operating with a short stroke if the frequency or
the number of
vibrations does not exceed a preset frequency or a preset number, and
automatically switching
the short stroke into a long stroke if the frequency or the number of
vibrations exceeds the
preset frequency or the preset number.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, hydraulic breakers are used to break up rocks. Such a hydraulic
breaker
includes a housing that has a reciprocating piston controlled by a
distribution valve and a
cylinder bore, and a pressure accumulator. While the hydraulic breaker is in
operation, the
pressure accumulator is preliminarily pressurized to a pre-load pressure in
order to prevent the
hydraulic breaker from being damaged by a fluid cavity and a pressure gradient
and increase
performance of the hydraulic breaker, and transmits a blow to a chisel from
the piston. Thereby,
1
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
a chisel tip supplied with kinetic energy of the piston breaks a rock.
In the case of a rock composed of soft substances, energy remaining after the
rock is
broken is applied to components of the hydraulic breaker.
Therefore, a process in which applied kinetic energy is greater than energy
required to
break the rock is not desirable, because high stress occurs at the hydraulic
breaker due to the
energy remaining after the rock is broken. Thus, applying a rapid change in
the kinetic energy
to all operating conditions prolongs a life of the hydraulic breaker and is
simultaneously an
important requirement for optimal material breaking.
However, the conventional hydraulic breakers are driven before a supplied
hydraulic
io pressure reaches a level higher than or equal to the pre-load pressure
of the pressure accumulator,
or are continuously driven after the supplied hydraulic pressure is reduced
below the pre-load
pressure of the pressure accumulator. That is, the pressure accumulator cannot
be operated with
precision. In detail, the pressure accumulator cannot absorb an undesired
pressure gradient,
cannot prevent a cavity in a hydraulic fluid, and cannot increase a flow of
the fluid during an
is operating stroke of the piston. Therefore, there is a serious risk of
certain portions of the impact
mechanism being damaged.
To solve this problem, Korean Patent No. 10-1285062 has been proposed.
The preceding patent includes a housing 10 with a cylinder bore 11, a forward
working
chamber 23 and a rear working chamber 18, a hydraulic fluid supply passage 26
continuously
20 connected to the forward working chamber 23 and a drain passage 33
connected to the rear
working chamber 18, a hammer piston 12 reciprocally guided in the cylinder
bore 11 in order to
deliver hammer blows to a working implement 14 attached to the housing 10, a
pressure
accumulator 27 pre-loaded to a certain pressure level, and a distribution
valve 30 for
alternatingly connecting the rear working chamber 18 to the drain passage 33
and the supply
25 passage 26 to thereby reciprocate the hammer piston 12, wherein a
sequence valve 34 is provided
2
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
in the drain passage 33 for the purpose of keeping the pressure in the rear
working chamber 18 at
such a level that the resulting forward directed force will prevent the piston
12 from being moved
backward in the cylinder bore 11 at pressure levels in the supply passage 26
below the pre-load
pressure level of the accumulator 27. Thereby, impact energy according to an
idle blow is
reduced.
However, the preceding patent has a problem in that it is still insufficient
to reduce the
reflected impact energy according to the idle blow.
Prior Art Document
io Patent Document
[Patent Document 1] Korean Patent No. 10-1285062 titled "HYDRAULIC IMPACT
MECHANISM" (registered on July 4, 2013).
SUMMARY
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a stepless
variable auto
stroke hydraulic breaker system in which a vibration sensor detects vibrations
generated when a
chisel breaks rocks and converts the detected vibrations into signals, a
counter counts a
frequency or the number of the vibrations corresponding to the generated
signals, and thereby,
according to the frequency or the number of the vibrations counted for a
predetermined time, a
stroke of a piston can be automatically adjusted from a short stroke to a long
stroke, and vice
versa.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present
invention,
there is provided a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker system,
which includes: a
vibration sensor configured to detect vibrations generated when a chisel
breaks rocks; a
transmitter provided with the vibration sensor and configured to transmit
signals generated from
3
CA 02898836 2016-11-14
55414-3
the vibration sensor; a receiver configured to receive the signals transmitted
from the
transmitter; and a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker controlled
by a reception
micro controller unit (MCU) of the receiver.
As described above, in the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker
system
according to the present invention, according to a number of blows of the
chisel, the piston is
freely switched between a short stroke and a long stroke. Thus, due to the
switching of the
strokes, work efficiency is improved.
Further, as the stroke is shortened in the event of an idle blow, the
remaining impact
energy is reduced, and a life of the hydraulic breaker is increased.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a stepless
variable auto
stroke hydraulic breaker system comprising: a vibration sensor configured to
detect vibrations
generated when a chisel breaks rocks; a transmitter provided with the
vibration sensor and
configured to transmit signals generated from the vibration sensor; a receiver
configured to
receive the signals transmitted from the transmitter; and a stepless variable
auto stroke
hydraulic breaker controlled by a reception micro controller unit (MCU) of the
receiver, and
wherein the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker includes: a
cylinder; a piston that
is housed in the cylinder to axially reciprocate in the cylinder and is
provided with a first
piston face that is directed such that an applied pressure acts in a return
stroke direction, a
second piston face directed such that the applied pressure acts in a working
stroke direction,
and a circumferential recess located between the first piston face and the
second piston face; a
pressure conduit that provides a working pressure through a first outlet
connected to the
cylinder; a reduced pressure return conduit that reduces a pressure through an
outlet connected
to the cylinder; a control valve in which a control plunger is located and
which is provided
with a small control plunger face for moving the control plunger to a return
stroke position
and a large control plunger face for moving the control plunger to a working
stroke position; a
stroke valve, an input side of which is connected to the pressure conduit
connected to a
hydraulic pump by a stroke control pressure conduit, an output side of which
is connected to a
switching conduit for the control valve by an additional conduit connected to
4
CA 02898836 2016-11-14
55414-3
the control valve, and a lower side of which is connected to the hydraulic
pump by a flow rate
control valve operated under the control of the reception MCU; and a spring
that is installed
on an upper surface of the stroke valve to provide a mechanical resetting
function according to
a change in hydraulic pressure.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a stepless
variable
auto stroke hydraulic breaker system comprising: a vibration sensor configured
to detect
vibrations generated when a chisel breaks rocks; a transmitter provided with
the vibration
sensor and configured to transmit signals generated from the vibration sensor;
a receiver
configured to receive the signals transmitted from the transmitter; and a
stepless variable auto
stroke hydraulic breaker controlled by a reception micro controller unit (MCU)
of the receiver
and including: a cylinder; a piston that is housed in the cylinder to axially
reciprocate in the
cylinder and is provided with a first piston face that is directed such that
an applied pressure
acts in a return stroke direction, a second piston face directed such that the
applied pressure
acts in a working stroke direction, and a circumferential recess located
between the first piston
face and the second piston face; a control valve in which a control plunger is
located and
which is provided with a small control plunger face for moving the control
plunger to a return
stroke position and a large control plunger face for moving the control
plunger to a working
stroke position; a pressure conduit that provides a working pressure through a
first outlet
connected to a front chamber of the cylinder; an alternating pressure conduit
that connects the
control valve and a second outlet connected to a rear chamber of the cylinder;
a switching
conduit that connects the large control plunger face and a third outlet of the
cylinder which is
located between the first outlet connected to the front chamber and the second
outlet
connected to the rear chamber; a reduced pressure return conduit that reduces
a pressure
through a fourth outlet connected to the cylinder; a stroke valve, an input
side of which is
connected to the pressure conduit connected to a hydraulic pump by a stroke
control pressure
conduit, an output side of which is connected to the switching conduit for the
control valve by
an additional conduit connected to the control valve, and a lower side of
which is connected to
the hydraulic pump by a flow rate control valve operated under the control of
the reception
MCU; and a spring that is installed on an upper surface of the stroke valve to
provide a
mechanical resetting function according to a change in hydraulic pressure, and
wherein when
4a
CA 2898836 2017-05-12
55414-3
change in hydraulic pressure, and wherein when the flow rate control valve is
closed under the
control of the reception MCU and the stroke valve disconnects the stroke
control pressure
conduit and the additional conduit, the working pressure is provided to the
large control
plunger face through the third outlet of the switching conduit so that the
piston is operated at a
long stroke, and wherein when the flow rate control valve is opened under the
control of the
reception MCU and the stroke valve connects the stroke control pressure
conduit and the
additional conduit, the working pressure is provided to the large control
plunger face through
the stroke valve so that the piston is operated at a short stroke.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other features of the present invention will be described in
reference to
specific exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings
in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a conventional hydraulic impact
mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of a stepless variable auto
stroke
hydraulic breaker system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of the vibration sensor of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 illustrates a working state of the vibration sensor of FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a configuration block diagram of a transmitter for transmitting a
signal
detected by the vibration sensor;
FIG. 6 is a configuration block diagram of a receiver for receiving a signal
detected by
the vibration sensor; and
FIG. 7 illustrates a hydraulic impact mechanism of the stepless variable auto
stroke
hydraulic breaker system according to the present invention.
4b
CA 2898836 2017-05-12
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Hereinafter, a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker system
according to an
embodiment of the present invention will be described in greater detail with
reference to the
accompanying drawings. When the detailed descriptions of known functions
and
configurations are determined as unnecessarily obscuring the subject matter of
the present
invention, they will be omitted. Technical terms, as will be described below,
are terms defined
in consideration of their functions in the present invention, which may be
varied according to the
intention or usual practice of a client, an operator, or a user, or the like,
so that the terms should
io be defined based on the overall content of this specification.
Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the
same
components.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of a stepless variable auto
stroke
hydraulic breaker system according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a
detailed configuration
diagram of the vibration sensor of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 illustrates a working
state of the
vibration sensor of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a configuration block diagram of a
transmitter for
transmitting a signal detected by the vibration sensor. FIG. 6 is a
configuration block diagram
of a receiver for receiving a signal detected by the vibration sensor. FIG. 7
illustrates a
hydraulic impact mechanism of the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic
breaker system
zo according to the present invention.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 7, a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic
breaker system
according to the present invention includes a vibration sensor 110 that
detects vibrations
generated when a chisel 308 breaks rocks, a transmitter 100 that is provided
with the vibration
sensor 110 and transmits signals generated from the vibration sensor 110, a
receiver 200 that
receives the signals transmitted by the transmitter 100 and is provided with a
reception micro
5
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
controller unit (MCU) 240, and a stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic
breaker 300 that is
provided with a hydraulic impact mechanism controlled by the reception MCU 240
of the
receiver 200.
Here, the transmitter 100 is made up of the vibration sensor 110, a
transmission signal
processor 120 for processing the signal generated by the vibration sensor 110
into a transmission
signal, a transmission antenna 130 for transmitting the transmission signal
processed by the
transmission signal processor 120, and a transmission MCU 140 for controlling
an operation of
the transmission signal processor 120 and an operation of the transmission
antenna 130.
In an operation of the transmitter 100 configured in this way, the signal
generated by the
io vibration sensor 110 is processed into the transmission signal at the
transmission signal processor
120, and the transmission antenna 130 transmits the processed transmission
signal to the receiver
200 to be described below. At this time, the transmission MCU 140 controls the
operations of
the transmission signal processor 120 and the transmission antenna 130. The
situation
controlled in this way is transmitted to the receiver 200 (to be described
below) to the
is transmission antenna 130. The transmitter 100 is mounted on an
attachment, and is operated by
a battery or a solar cell.
Further, the vibration sensor 110 is made up of a housing 111 that is formed
of a metal, a
protrusion 112 that is formed at an upper end of the housing 111, a pair of
iron-magnet bias
elements 113 that are mounted under the protrusion 112 and provide an
electronic element with a
zo predetermined operating point, a metal cap 114 that covers an upper
portion of the housing 111,
a ceramic insulator 115 that is mounted under the metal cap 114 and adjusts a
magnetic field
between a magnetic sphere 117 and the metal cap 114, a metal electrode 116
that passes through
the metal cap 114 and the ceramic insulator 115 to be housed in the housing
111, and the
magnetic sphere 117 that is contacted with or separated from the metal
electrode 116 to thereby
25 generate a signal and has magnetism.
6
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
When a vibration is generated by an operation of the chisel 308, the vibration
sensor 110
configured in this way generates a signal in such a manner that the magnetic
sphere 117 attached
to the ceramic insulator 115 mounted under the metal cap 114 by the magnetic
field between the
metal cap 114 and the magnetic sphere 117 is detached from the ceramic
insulator 115 by the
vibration and is contacted with the metal electrode 116 housed in the housing
111. That is,
when the magnetic sphere 117 is connected to the metal electrode 116, the
signal is generated.
When the magnetic sphere 117 is disconnected from the metal electrode 116, no
signal is
generated. Therefore, the magnetic sphere 117 is connected to or disconnected
from the metal
electrode 116 according to the vibration caused by the operation of the chisel
308, and thereby
o serves as a switch that generates signals at certain intervals. As a
result, a frequency or the
number of working strokes of a piston 302 of the stepless variable auto stroke
hydraulic breaker
300 can be measured. The signals generated in this way are transmitted to the
receiver 200
through the transmission antenna 130 via the transmission signal processor 120
of the transmitter
100 under the control of the transmission MCU 140.
Further, the receiver 200 is made up of a reception antenna 210 that receives
the
transmission signal transmitted by the transmission antenna 130 of the
transmitter 100, a
reception signal processor 220 that processes the transmission signal received
by the reception
antenna 210 into a reception signal, a reception controller 230 that transmits
the signal processed
by the reception signal processor 220 to a reception MCU 240, a light-emitting
diode (LED) 250
zo that emits light to inform an operator of the stepless variable auto
stroke hydraulic breaker 300 of
the situation received by the reception controller 230, a counter 260 that
counts the vibrations of
the vibration sensor 110 under the control of the reception MCU 240, and the
reception MCU
240 that controls operations of the reception antenna 210, the reception
signal processor 220, the
reception controller 230, the LED 250, and the counter 260 and controls a
hydraulic impact
mechanism of the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300.
7
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
In the receiver 200 configured in this way, the reception antenna 210 of the
receiver 200
receives the transmission signal transmitted through the transmission antenna
130 of the
transmitter 100, and the reception signal processor 220 processes the received
transmission
signal into a reception signal. The reception controller 230 transmits the
processed reception
signal to the reception MCU 240, and the reception MCU 240 informs the
operator of the
stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300 of this situation using
the light emitted from
the LED 250. Thereby, the operator recognizes a present state of the working
stroke. The
receiver 200 is mounted on a cabin (not shown), is supplied with power, and is
operated.
Hereinafter, the hydraulic impact mechanism of the stepless variable auto
stroke
io hydraulic breaker 300 will be described in detail.
The stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300 is provided with a
hollow
cylinder 301 and a piston 302 that is housed in the cylinder 301 and axially
reciprocates in the
cylinder 301. The piston 302 is provided with rear guide 304 and front guide
305 that are
separated from each other by a circumferential recess 303. First piston face
302a and second
piston face 302b directed to the outside of the circumferential recess 303
define rear cylinder
chamber 306 and front cylinder chamber 307, respectively. Here, the first
piston face 302a has
a smaller area than the second piston face 302b. Movement of the piston 302 in
a forward
stroke direction is as indicated by a downward an-ow shown in Fig. 7.
The vibration sensor 110 is mounted at one side of an exterior of the cylinder
301. The
zo working mechanism such as the chisel 308 is located at the exterior of
the cylinder 301 and is
mounted on an end of the piston 302. When a normal operation is performed,
i.e., when the
chisel 308 does not penetrate a rock to be broken, the piston 302 assumes a
typical impact
position.
A controller for movement switching of the piston 302 includes a control
plunger 309a
movable in a control valve 309. The control plunger 309a is provided with a
small control
8
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
plunger face 309b and a large control plunger face 309c. The small control
plunger face 309b
is continuously exposed to a working pressure by a resetting conduit 310. The
working
pressure is generated by a hydraulic pump 311. The first piston face 302a is
also continuously
exposed to the working pressure by a pressure conduit 312 communicating with
the resetting
conduit 310. An outlet 312a of the pressure conduit 312 is disposed at the
cylinder 301 such
that it is always located in the front cylinder chamber 307.
The large control plunger face 309c of the control plunger 309a is connected
to the
cylinder 301 by a switching conduit 313 such that an outlet 313a is connected
to a reduced
pressure return conduit 317 through the circumferential recess 303 in a normal
operation state.
One side of the control valve 309 is connected to the pressure conduit 312 by
a control
conduit 314, and the other side of the control valve 309 is connected to a
tank 316 through a
return conduit 315. The control valve 309 is connected to the reduced pressure
return conduit
317 whose outlet 317a is connected to the return conduit 315 through the
circumferential recess
303. Therefore, the outlet 317a of the reduced pressure return conduit 317 and
the outlet 313a
of the switching conduit 313 are located a distance shorter than an axial
length of the
circumferential recess 303 away from each other.
Further, the control valve 309 is connected to the rear cylinder chamber 306
by an
alternating pressure conduit 318. The second piston face 302b is adapted to be
exposed to the
working pressure that can be supplied to the rear cylinder chamber 306 by the
alternating
pressure conduit 318.
The control valve 309 can assume two valve positions. That is, the second
piston face
302b can assume a return stroke position (right side) at which a pressure is
reduced through the
alternating pressure conduit 318 and the return conduit 315, and a working
stroke position (left
side) at which the working pressure is applied to the rear cylinder chamber
306 by the pressure
conduit 312, the control conduit 314 connected to the pressure conduit 312,
and the alternating
9
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
pressure conduit 318 (left side). As a result of this operation, the piston
302 conducts the
working stroke against a resetting force applied to the first piston face 302a
in a direction of the
downward arrow.
Meanwhile, the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300 according
to the
present invention includes a stroke valve 329 assuming a long stroke position
and a short stroke
position.
The stroke valve 319 is decided by a pressure applied by a flow rate control
valve 320
such as an electric proportional pressure reducing (EPPR) valve or a solenoid
valve operated
under the control of the reception MCU 240.
An input side of the stroke valve 319 is connected to the pressure conduit 312
by a
stroke control pressure conduit 321, and an output side of the stroke valve
319 is connected to
the switching conduit 313 for the control valve 309 by an additional conduit
322.
As illustrated, when the flow rate control valve 320 is opened under the
control of the
reception MCU 240, a large quantity of flow rate is fed to the stroke valve
319 by the hydraulic
pump 311, and the piston 302 is operated at a short stroke. When the flow rate
control valve
320 is closed under the control of the reception MCU 240, the flow rate fed by
the hydraulic
pump 311 is interrupted, and the piston 302 is operated at a long stroke.
Here, a reference numeral 323 indicates a spring installed on an upper surface
319a of
the stroke valve 319. The spring 323provides a mechanical resetting function
according to a
zo change in hydraulic pressure.
Now, an operation of the aforementioned stepless variable auto stroke
hydraulic breaker
system according to the present invention will be described.
First, it is assumed that, when the reception MCU 240 of the receiver 200
installed in the
cabin receives signals of the predetermined number of times, for instance, of
18 times or less,
from the vibration sensor 110 for a predetermined time according to a model of
the stepless
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300, the piston 302 is set to be
operated at a short stroke.
When the chisel 208 does not penetrate a rock to be broken after the stepless
variable
auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300 is activated for work, the stroke of the
piston is long, and thus
a signal generated from the vibration sensor 110 attached to the transmitter
100 mounted on the
attachment does not exceed the predetermined number of times for a
predetermined time. This
situation is transmitted to the reception antenna 210 of the receiver 200
through the transmission
antenna 130 via the transmission signal processor 120 under the control of the
transmission
MCU 140. The situation received through the reception antenna 210 of the
receiver 200 is
transmitted to the reception MCU 240 through the reception signal processor
220 for processing
to it into a reception signal and the reception controller 230 for
transmitting the received signal to
the reception MCU 240. According to this situation, the reception MCU 240
sends the signal to
the flow rate control valve 320 such that the flow rate control valve 320 is
opened, and a large
quantity of flow rate is fed from the hydraulic pump 311 to the stroke valve
319 and pressurizes
a lower side of the stroke valve 319. Thereby, since an area of the lower side
of the stroke
valve 319 becomes greater than that of an upper side of the stroke valve 319,
the stroke valve
319 is switched into an open position (first position), and the piston 302
continues to be operated
at a short stroke.
In contrast, when the chisel 208 penetrates a rock to be broken after the
stepless variable
auto stroke hydraulic breaker 300 is activated for work, the stroke of the
piston is short, and thus
zo a signal generated from the vibration sensor 110 attached to the
transmitter 100 mounted on the
attachment exceeds the predetermined number of times for a predetermined time.
The situation
is transmitted to the reception antenna 210 of the receiver 200 through
transmission antenna 130
via the transmission signal processor 120 under the control of the
transmission MCU 140. The
situation received through the reception antenna 210 of the receiver 200 is
transmitted to the
reception MCU 240 through the reception signal processor 220 for processing it
into a reception
11
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
signal and the reception controller 230 for transmitting the received signal
to the reception MCU
240. According to this situation, the reception MCU 240 sends the signal to
the flow rate
control valve 320 such that the flow rate control valve 320 is closed, no flow
rate is fed from the
hydraulic pump 311 to the stroke valve 319, and the lower side of the stroke
valve 319 is not
pressurized. Thereby, since the area of the upper side of the stroke valve 319
becomes greater
than the area of the lower side of the stroke valve 319, the stroke valve 319
is switched into a
closed position (second position), and the piston 302 continues to be operated
at a long stroke.
As described above, in the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker
system
according to the present invention, the counter 260 of the receiver 200 counts
the signals which
to the
vibration sensor 110 attached to the attachment transmits for a predetermined
time. If the
counted signals do not exceed a predetermined number, the piston 302 is
operated at a short
stroke. In contrast, if the counted signals exceed a predetermined number, the
piston 302 is
operated at a long stroke. According to the counted signals, the short stroke
is automatically
switched into the long stroke, and vice versa.
In the stepless variable auto stroke hydraulic breaker system according to the
present
invention, according to the number of blows of the chisel, the piston is
freely switched between
the short stroke and the long stroke. Thus, due to the switching of the
strokes, work efficiency
is improved. Further, as the stroke is shortened in the event of the idle
blow, the remaining
impact energy is reduced, and the life of the hydraulic breaker is increased.
Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed
for
illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various
modifications, additions
and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of
the invention as
disclosed in the accompanying claims. The disclosed embodiments should be
taken into
consideration not from a limitative point of view but from a descriptive point
of view. The
scope of the present invention is shown not in the above description but in
the claims, and all
12
CA 02898836 2015-07-29
differences within the range equivalent thereto will be understood to be
incorporated in the
present invention.
13
