Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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METAL BUILDING SYSTEM
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to buildings, and
more particularly to a building system with frame elements
and cladding panels of roll formed light gauge metal.
Background Art
[0002] Many prior known metal buildings systems are
designed and fabricated in-plant as kits for complete
buildings of a specified dimension, then packaged and
shipped to the distributor and ultimately the end user
where the parts are finally assembled at the job site. This
assembly process requires heavy cranes to erect relatively
heavy steel frames and hundreds of hours to screw fasten
the metal sheets onto the purlin structures of these
frames. Some of the disadvantages of these prior building
practices are that the ultimate user must often order the
building well in advance of installation, must absorb high
costs in packaging, shipping, and insurance as well as
final assembly. Nor do these prior practices provide any
opportunity for changes in the final dimension or size in
the building. Once ordered, the user cannot readily change
an original choice.
[0003] Frameless buildings made from arch shaped panels
that can be roll formed at the assembly site and seamed
together solve many of the above problems of prefabricated
building systems. U.S. Patent No. 3,967,430 to the present
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applicant, and the related patents, disclose a building
system of roll formed, arch shaped panels. However, such
frameless building systems are not as suitable for
traditional building shapes that have vertical walls and a
flat or pitched roof.
[0004] U.S. Patent No. 5,651,230 to the present
applicant discloses a metal building system with vertical
walls and a pitched roof having a relatively simple frame
and cladding panels. The components can be formed on site
and the framing jig disclosed is adjustable in size and
shape to form buildings of different heights and widths.
The framing jig rotates to erect building sections, so that
a heavy crane is not required to erect the frame. A
building system with fewer frame parts in each frame
element will reduce fabrication and assembly costs. Greater
cross-section strength in the cladding panels will reduce
the number of sections and frame elements required for a
building of a given size, and thereby reduce material,
fabrication and assembly costs.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0005] A metal building system has a frame covered with
a plurality of cladding panels. The frame has a plurality
of longitudinally spaced frame elements and a plurality of
purlins. Each frame element has two laterally spaced wall
beams and two roof beams. The wall and roof beams each have
a tapering web with a wide end and a spaced narrow end, and
an outer edge and a spaced inner edge. The wall and roof
beams have a shaped outer flange along the outer edge of
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the web and a shaped inner flange along the inner edge of web.
The wide end of each roof beam overlaps and connects to the
wide end of a wall beam with the roof beamsprojecting upwardly
and inwardly to connect together at the narrow ends. The
purlins connect to the inner flange and extend longitudinally
between the frame elements. Each frame element may also have a
collar beam that extends horizontally between the roof beams
and a tie strut that connects the narrow ends of the roof
beams, and extends downwardly to the collar beam. The cladding
panels each have a wide channel shape with a central portion
bordered by first and second side portions that have first and
second flanges, respectively. Large corrugations extend across
most of central portion while small corrugations extend across
the edges of the central portion and across the first and
second side portions. The first and second flanges seam with
the outer flanges on the wall and roof beams. The purlins have
a projecting T element that supports edge grooved, rigid
insulation on the interior of the building system.
[0005a] According to one aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a metal building system comprising: a
plurality of longitudinally spaced frame elements each
including two laterally spaced wall beams and two roof beams,
each of said wall and roof beams having a tapering web with a
wide end and a spaced narrow end, and an outer edge and a
spaced inner edge, each of said wall and roof beams having a
shaped outer flange along said outer edge of said web and a
shaped inner flange along said inner edge of said web, said
wide end of said web of each said roof beam overlapping and
connecting to said wide end of said web of one of said wall
beams with said roof beams projecting upwardly and inwardly and
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being connected together at said narrow ends of said web, and
cladding panels extending between said wall beams and between
said roof beams of consecutive said frame elements, and mating
with and being seamed to said outer flange on said wall beams
and said roof beams, whereby said frame elements provide
lateral rigidity and said cladding panels provide longitudinal
,
rigidity.
[0005b] According to another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a metal building system comprising: a
plurality of longitudinally spaced frame elements each
including two laterally spaced wall beams, two roof beams, a
collar beam and a tie strut, each of said wall and roof beams
having a tapering web with a wide end and a spaced narrow end,
and an outer edge and a spaced inner edge, each of said wall
and roof beams having a shaped outer flange along said outer
edge of said web and a shaped inner flange along said inner
edge of said web, said wide end of said web of each said roof
beam overlapping and connecting to said wide end of said web of
one of said wall beams with said roof beams projecting upwardly
and inwardly, said collar beam being connected to and extending
horizontally between said roof beams, said tie strut connecting
said narrow ends of said web of said roof beams, and extending
downwardly from said narrow ends of said web of said roof beams
and connecting to said collar beam, a plurality of vertically
spaced, longitudinally extending purlins connected to said
inner flange of said wall beams, and a plurality of vertically
and laterally spaced, longitudinally extending purlins
connected to said inner flange of said roof beams, and cladding
panels extending between said wall beams and between said roof
beams of consecutive said frame elements, said cladding panels
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each have a wide channel shape with a central portion bordered
by outwardly projecting, transverse, spaced first and second
side portions, said first side portion having a first flange
opposite said central portion, and sized and shaped to mate
with said outer flange on said wall and roof beams, said second
side portion having a second flange opposite said central
portion, and sized and shaped to mate and seam with said outer
flange on said wall and roof beams and said first flange,
whereby said frame elements provide lateral rigidity, and said
purlins and said cladding panels provide longitudinal rigidity.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0006] Details of this invention are described in connection
with the accompanying drawings that bear similar reference numerals
in which:
[0007] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building system
embodying features of the present invention.
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[0008] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the frame of
the building system of Figure 1.
[0009] Figure 3 is a front elevation view of a frame
element of the building system of Figure 1.
[00010] Figure 4 is a front elevation view of a wall beam
of the frame element of Figure 3.
[00011] Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of the wall
beam taken along line 5-5 of Figure 4.
[00012] Figure 6 is a front elevation view of a roof beam
of the frame element of Figure 3.
[00013] Figure 7 is a cross sectional view of the roof
beam taken along line 7-7 of Figure 6.
[00014] Figure 8 is a partial perspective view of a
purlin of the building system of Figure 1.
[00015] Figure 9 is a partial front elevation view of a
roof beam of the frame element of Figure 3 with purlins
supporting insulation panels.
[00016] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a cladding
panel and a purlin on a pair of the roof beams of Figure 6.
[00017] Figure 11 is an end profile view of the cladding
panel of Figure 10.
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Detailed Description Of The Invention
[00018] Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a metal building
system 11, embodying features of the present invention,
includes a frame 14 and a plurality of cladding panels 15
covering the frame 14. The metal building system 11 shown
has a gabled roof with gables at the front and back. The
frame 14 includes a plurality of longitudinally spaced
frame elements 17.
[00019] Describing the specific embodiments herein chosen
for illustrating the invention, certain terminology is used
which will be recognized as being employed for convenience
and having no limiting significance. For example, the terms
"lateral" and 'longitudinal" will refer to the illustrated
embodiment relative to the roof gables being at the front
and back. "Outer" and "inner" shall refer to directions
relative to the exterior and interior of the illustrated
embodiment. "Side edge" with regard to the cladding panels
shall refer to the horizontally spaced edges. Further, all
of the terminology above-defined includes derivatives of
the word specifically mentioned and words of similar
import.
[00020] Each frame element 17 includes two wall beams 18
and two roof beams 19. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the
wall beams 18 have a web 21 that tapers from a wide end 22
to a narrow end 23. The web 21 has an outer edge 25 with an
outer flange 26 that extends from the wide end 22 to the
narrow end 23, and an inner edge 28 with an inner flange 29
that extends from the wide end 22 to the narrow end 23. The
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outer flange 26 has an offset V shape that opens transverse
to the web 21. The inner flange 29 projects transversely
from the inner edge 28 with an Inwardly opening groove 30
and a spaced, outwardly projecting lip 31. The outer and
inner flanges 26 and 29 can have other shapes.
[00021] The wide end 22 of the web 21 has a pattern 33 of
apertures 34. The pattern 33 shown is diamond shaped with
nine apertures 34. A diamond pattern 33 will have at least
four apertures 34. The pattern 33 can be square, circular
or another geometric shape. The web 21 has a plurality of
indentations 36 between the wide end 22 and the narrow end
23. The indentations 36 shown are triangular in shape, and
are in a pattern 37 of two opposed, alternating, converging
rows 38. This pattern 37 provides a bar-joist effect,
increasing the rigidity of the wall beam 18. Preferably the
indentations 36 are embossed. Each indentation 36 has a
relatively large aperture 39 near the center. These
apertures 39 relieve stress during forming of the
indentations 36 and provides access for conduit elements.
[00022] The wall beams 18 of each frame element 17 are
laterally spaced apart, and substantially vertical, with
the narrow end 23 at the bottom and the wide end 22 at the
top. The wall beams 18 generally mount on a foundation 41.
The wall beams 18 may be fastened to the foundation 41 with
short angle irons 42, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or by
other conventional means.
[00023] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the roof beams 19
each have a web 45 that tapers from a wide end 46 to a
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narrow end 47. The web 45 has an outer edge 49 with an
outer flange 50 that extends from the wide end 46 to the
narrow end 47, and an inner edge 52 with an inner flange 53
that extends from the wide end 46 to the narrow end 47. The
outer flange 50 has an offset V shape that opens transverse
to the web 46. The inner flange 53 projects transversely
from the inner edge 52 with an Inwardly opening groove 54
and a spaced, outwardly projecting lip 55. The outer and
inner flanges 50 and 53 can have other shapes.
[00024] The wide end 46 of the web 45 has a pattern 57 of
apertures 58. The pattern 57 shown is diamond shaped with
nine apertures 58. A diamond pattern 57 will have at least
four apertures 58. The pattern 57 can be square, circular
or another geometric shape. The web 45 has a plurality of
indentations 60 between the wide end 46 and the narrow end
47. The indentations 60 shown are triangular in shape, and
are in a pattern 61 of two opposed, alternating, converging
rows 62. This pattern 61 provides a bar-joist effect,
increasing rigidity of the roof beam 19. Preferably the
indentations 60 are embossed. Each indentation 60 has a
relatively large aperture 63 near the center. These
apertures 63 relieve stress during forming of the
indentations 60 and provides access for conduit elements.
[00025] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the wide end 46 of
the web 45 of each roof beam 19 overlaps and mounts on the
wide end 22 of the web 21 of a wall beam 18, with the roof
beam 19 projecting upwardly and inwardly. The pattern 57 of
apertures 58 on the web 45 of the roof beam 19 matches the
pattern 33 of apertures 34 on the web 21 of the wall beam
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18, and the patterns 33 and 57 are positioned to provide a
selected pitch or slope for the roof beams 19. Fasteners,
such as nuts 65 and bolts 66, through the apertures 34 and
58, fasten the roof beam 19 to the wall beam 18.
[00026] Each frame element 17 can also include a collar
beam 68 that extends between the roof beams 19 intermediate
the wide and narrow ends 46 and 47, and a tie strut 69 that
connects the narrow ends 47 together and extends downwardly
to connect to the collar beam 68. The collar beam 68 can be
a roll formed, C shaped strut and the tie strut 69 can be a
wide, roll formed, C shaped section. Additional truss
struts may be added as necessary in wider buildings with
longer roof beams 19.
[00027] Referring to Figures 8, 9 and 10, the frame 14
also includes a plurality of longitudinally extending,
spaced purlins 71 that fasten to the inner flanges 29 and
53 of the wall and roof beams 18 and 19, and the bottom of
the collar beam 68. Each purlin 71 has a substantially flat
mounting portion 72 and a T shaped element 73 that projects
transversely from the mounting portion 72. The mounting
portion 72 is attached to the inner flange 29 of the wall
beams 18 or the inner flange 53 of the roof beams 19, or
the bottom of the collar beams 68, with screws 74, with the
T shaped element 73 projecting inwardly. Each T shaped
element 73 has a base 76 the extends from the mounting
portion 72 and a pair of oppositely projecting arms 77
transverse to the base 76 and spaced from the mounting
portion 72. The building system 11 can include rigid
insulation panels 79. The insulation panels 79 have edges
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80 with grooves 81 that are sized and shaped to receive the
arms 77 of the T shaped elements 73. The purlins 71 support
the insulation panels 79 to provide a smooth, even,
prefinished building interior with minimal thermal
transfer. The purlins 71 also add longitudinal support to
the frame 14.
[00028] As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the cladding
panels 15 have a wide channel shape. Each cladding panel 15
includes a central portion 84, a first side portion 85 that
projects transversely outwardly from one edge of the
central portion 84 and a spaced second side portion 86 that
projects transversely outwardly from the opposite edge of
the central portion 84. The first side portion 85 has a
first flange 88 spaced opposite the central portion 84. The
first flange 88 is sized and shaped to mate with the outer
flanges 26 and 50 on the wall and roof beams 18 and 19. The
first flange 88 has an offset V shape that fits inside the
offset V shape of the outer flanges 26 and 50 on the wall
and roof beams 18 and 19 and a hook 89 that curves around
outside the outer flanges 26 and 50 on the wall and roof
beams 18 and 19.
[00029] The second side portion 86 has a second flange 91
spaced opposite the central portion 84. The second flange
91 is sized and shaped to mate with the outer flanges 26
and 50 on the wall and roof beams 18 and 19, and the first
flange 88. The second flange 91 has an offset V shape that
fits over the offset V shape of the outer flanges 26 and 50
on the wall and roof beams 18 and 19 and over the hook 89
on the first flange, and a lip 92 that projects inwardly
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from the V shape. The first flange 88 on one cladding panel
15, the second flange 91 on the next cladding panel, and
the outer flange 26 or 50 on a wall or roof beam 18 or 19
are seamed together by bending or folding the lip 92
inwardly towards the inside of the V shape of the first
flange 88.
[00030] Each cladding panel 15 is corrugated with large
corrugations 94 that extend horizontally across most of the
central portion 84. The ends of the large corrugations 94
are spaced inwardly from the first and second side portions
85 and 86. Each cladding panel 15 is corrugated with small
corrugations 95 that extend horizontally along the central
portion 84 from the large corrugations 94 to the first side
portion 85 and outwardly along the first side portion 85.
Each cladding panel 15 is corrugated with small
corrugations 95 that extend horizontally along the central
portion 84 from the large corrugations 94 to the second
side portion 86 and outwardly along the second side portion
88.
[00031] The large corrugations 94 have valleys 97 and
peaks 98, with the valleys 97 being even with the small
corrugations 95 on the central portion 84 and the peaks 98
projecting outwardly relative to the small corrugations 95
on the central portion 84, so that when the cladding panels
are mounted on the roof beams 19, rain drains out of the
valleys 97 and down the small corrugation 95. The large
corrugations 94, in combination with the purlins 71,
provide longitudinal rigidity to the building system 11.
The large corrugations 94 allow greater spacing between
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frame elements 17 and therefore the use of fewer frame
elements 17 than would be possible without corrugated
panel. The small corrugations 95 balance stress and
shrinkage from forming the large corrugations 94, and allow
the first and second side portions 85 and 86, and the first
and second flanges 88 and 91 to be roll formed.
[00032] Preferably the cladding panels 15,wall beams 18,
roof beams 19, collar beams 68, tie struts 69 and purlins
71 are roll formed from light gauge metal. The cladding
panels 15, wall beams 18, roof beams 19, collar beams 68,
tie struts 69 and purlins 71 can be roll formed from steel
coils of galvanized or prefinished stock. The cladding
panels 15, wall beams 18, roof beams 19, collar beams 68,
tie struts 69 and purlins 71 can be roll formed at the
assembly site or at a factory. The wall beams 18 and roof
beams 19 stack together for shipping. The hip joint between
the wide ends 22 and 46 of the wall and roof beams 18 and
19 provides a stronger joint than would provided with non-
tapered beams. The metal building system 11 is simpler and
has fewer parts than prior known systems. The metal
building system 11 reduces fabrication time and cost,
assembly time and material cost relative to prior known
gabled metal buildings with vertical walls.
[00033] Although the present invention has been described
with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood
that the present disclosure has been made by way of example
and that changes in details of structure may be made
without departing from the spirit thereof.
