Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR EVALUATING PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
PRIORITY CLAIM
[0001] This application claims priority to pending U.S. Application No.
13/520,790, filed
July 5, 2012, which is a 371 national stage application of PCT International
Application No.
PCT/U52011/6380, filed December 7, 2011, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional
Application No. 61/420,524, filed December 7, 2010, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
[0002] The embodiments described herein are related to systems and methods
for
performance training based on position tracking, movement mechanics and
functional strength
development, as well as systems and methods for evaluating and improving
physical
performance.
2. Related Art
[0003] Athletes often employ various training systems and/or methods to
improve athletic
performance. Such training systems and/or methods can be divided into at least
two groups.
One such group includes training systems and methods which are primarily aimed
at improving
or maintaining the physical conditioning of the athlete. Thus, such athletic
conditioning training
systems and methods are generally configured to improve or maintain the
strength and stamina
of the athlete. An example of a conditioning training system is a set of
weights for weightlifting.
Similarly, an example of a conditioning training method is a method of using
such weights to
increase strength and stamina of an athlete.
[0004] The other of the two groups of athletic training systems and methods
includes
systems and methods that are aimed primarily at improving or maintaining an
athletic technique.
As used herein, "technique" refers to the manner in which an athlete executes
an athletic
maneuver such as running, jumping, throwing, and the like. Thus, such athletic
technique
training systems and methods are generally configured to improve or maintain
an athlete' s form,
body positioning, and movement while performing an athletic maneuver.
[0005] The technique possessed by an athlete can be as important, if not
more important,
than the strength and/or stamina of the athlete. For example, assuming all
other factors are
equal, an athlete of inferior conditioning and stamina who possesses superior
technique can
sometimes out-perform an athlete of superior conditioning and stamina who
possesses inferior
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technique. Superior athletic technique, then, can be a determining factor in
the outcome of any
given athletic event such as a game or other competition.
[0006] The training systems which improve or maintain an athletic technique
primarily use
physical sensors which are placed on the body of the athlete in order to
measure the athlete's
movement and position. The sensors may provide visual tracking of the movement
and position
to an image capture device or provide actual data on movement and position via
components
within the sensors which are equipped to measure movement and position.
However, the use of
these sensors limits the applicability of these training systems to
environments where the sensors
can be attached to the user or where specialized equipment is available to
read the data
generated by the sensors. The training system may require a specially-designed
space, thus
limiting the applicability to athletes who are engaged in normal training that
is on a field,
outdoors or with a team.
SUMMARY
[0007] Systems and methods are provided for evaluating and correcting
physical
performance of an activity by a human. A user performing one or more physical
activities may
be evaluated based on criteria relating to their movement, such as strength
and technique. The
user' s performance in relation to these criteria is then rated, and the
values for the criteria are
combined to provide an overall performance score. The performance score is
used to determine
a user' s overall readiness and ability to perform the physical activity which
was evaluated or an
overall ability to perform physical activities. Performance scores for more
than one physical
activity may be combined to provide an overall performance ready score that
captures the
person' s overall physical ability. Comparisons of performance scores over
time may provide
information as to whether a user is improving or regressing, and could be
specifically applied to
evaluating physical rehabilitations from injuries or targeted types of
training activities and
techniques. Corrections to a user's technique can also be offered based on the
specific rating the
user received with regard to technique.
[0008] In one embodiment of the invention, a method of assessing
performance readiness of
a human comprises: receiving at least one image of a user performing a
physical activity;
evaluating a technique of the user' s performance and determining a technique
score based on the
evaluation; determining a strength score based on the user' s measured
strength during the
physical activity; combining the technique score and the strength score to
generate a
performance ready score; and displaying the performance ready score on a
display.
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[0009] In another embodiment of the invention, a method of assessing a
physical
rehabilitation process of a human comprises: generating a first performance
ready score for a
user, wherein the performance ready scores measures an ability of a user to
perform a physical
activity; generating a second performance ready score for the user after the
user has been
physically impaired or injured; comparing the first performance ready score
and the second
performance ready score to determine a difference between the first
performance ready score
and the second performance ready score; and determining a progress of a
rehabilitation process
of the user based on the determined difference.
[0010] Systems and methods for tracking and correcting a position or
movement of the
human body are presented. An image capture device such as a still camera or
video camera
captures an image or video of a human body in a selected position or sequence
of positions
relating to a movement. The position or movement may relate to a physical
activity, such as
running, jumping, throwing or swinging. The image is then presented to a user
on a display,
where the user may select one or more positions of the human body for
analysis. Upon selecting
a position, an angle of the position is determined and then compared to a
desired angle
determined through specific biomechanical measurements. The difference between
the two
angles is calculated, and the user is then presented with feedback, such as a
corrective action, to
aid the user in reducing the difference between the measured angle and the
desired angle.
[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, a system for analyzing a position of a
human body
comprises an image capture device which captures an image of a human body; a
user interaction
unit where a user selects a position of the human body on the captured image;
a comparison unit
which determines an angle of the human body at the selected position and
calculates a difference
between an angle of the selected position and a desired angle of the selected
position; and a
display unit which displays feedback based on the calculated difference.
[0012] In another exemplary embodiment, a method for training a human body
comprises
capturing at least one image of a human body; selecting at least one position
of the human body
in the captured image; determining an angle of the human body at the selected
at least one
position; calculating a difference between the angle of the human body at the
at least one
selected position and a desired angle of the at least one selected position;
and displaying
feedback based on the calculated difference on a display.
[0013] These and other features, aspects, and embodiments are described
below in the
section entitled "Detailed Description."
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Features, aspects, and embodiments are described in conjunction with
the attached
drawings, in which:
[0015] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system for analyzing position and
movement in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0016] Figure 2 is a block diagram of data flow in accordance with one
embodiment;
[0017] Figure 3 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a first sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0018] Figure 4 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a first sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0019] Figure 5 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a first sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0020] Figure 6 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a first sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0021] Figure 7 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a second sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0022] Figure 8 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a second sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0023] Figure 9 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a second sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0024] Figure 10 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a second
sprinting position in
accordance with one embodiment; and
[0025] Figure 11 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a third sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0026] Figure 12 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a third sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0027] Figure 13 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a third sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0028] Figure 14 is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a third sprinting
position in
accordance with one embodiment;
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[0029] Figure 15 is an exemplary screen shot of a comparison table for
comparing the
measurements of multiple athletes over the course of several training
sessions, in accordance
with one embodiment;
[0030] Figures 16A ¨ 16D illustrate the steps of calculating an angle of a
forearm during a
bench press in accordance with one embodiment;
[0031] Figures 17A ¨ 17C illustrate the steps of calculating an angle of an
upper arm during
the bench press in accordance with one embodiment;
[0032] Figure 18A is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a method of
calculating the angle
of a front foot as it strikes the ground in accordance with one embodiment.
[0033] Figure 18B is an exemplary screen shot illustrating a method of
calculating the angle
of a recovery leg in accordance with one embodiment.
[0034] Figure 19A is a block representation of a computer system and a user
in accordance
with one embodiment;
[0035] Figure 19B is a functional block diagram illustrating the computer
system of Figure
18A;
[0036] Figure 20 is a flowchart which illustrates a method of movement
training in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0037] Figure 21 is an image of a user interface for evaluating physical
performance, in
accordance with one embodiment;
[0038] Figure 22 is a table displaying past and present technique, strength
and performance
readiness data for a list of users performing a bench press activity, in
accordance with one
embodiment of the invention;
[0039] Figure 23 a table displaying an overall performance readiness rating
for a list of
users, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
[0040] Figure 24 is an image of a message board user interface where a
trainer can
communicate with the user regarding specific techniques, performance readiness
and corrective
actions relating to the evaluation of the user's physical activity;
[0041] Figure 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of evaluating a
physical activity of a
user to determine a performance ready score, according to one embodiment;
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[0042] Figure 26 illustrates a real-time feedback system for evaluating and
updating a
workout plan, according to one embodiment of the invention; and
[0043] Figure 27 illustrates a method of assessing a user' s performance,
according to one
embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] In an athlete' s training regimen, the ability to precisely measure,
analyze and
illustrate a body position of the athlete during specific movements is
invaluable. Embodiments
in accordance with the systems and methods described herein measure specific
positions and
movements of the human body, and provide data and visual information to system
users (coach,
trainer, athlete) to assist the athlete to make corrections in movement and
body position. The
system utilizes an image capture device such as a camera or video camera to
measure movement
and body position at a specific point in time without requiring the athlete to
wear any sensors.
[0045] Systems and methods are also provided for evaluating and correcting
physical
performance of an activity by a human. A user performing one or more physical
activities may
be evaluated based on criteria relating to their movement, such as strength
and technique. The
user' s performance in relation to these criteria is then rated, and the
values for the criteria are
combined to provide an overall performance score. The performance score is
used to determine
a user' s overall readiness and ability to perform the physical activity which
was evaluated or an
overall ability to perform physical activities. Performance scores for more
than one physical
activity may be combined to provide an overall performance ready score that
captures the
person' s overall physical ability. Comparisons of performance scores over
time may provide
information as to whether a user is improving or regressing, and could be
specifically applied to
evaluating physical rehabilitations from injuries or targeted types of
training activities and
techniques. Corrections to a user' s technique can also be offered based on
the specific rating the
user received with regard to technique
[0046] The system is a functional training tool. The purpose of a
functional training tool is
to improve performance. Therefore, all training that improves performance is
by definition
functional. Using specific functional training exercises will help an
athlete's body focus on
development of movement skills, body positions, and explosive power.
[0047] Movement mechanics are employed to teach an athlete how to improve
athletic
movement. Through web-based systems and methods disclosed herein, the flow of
muscle
reaction from the foot through the entire body, and the relationship of the
upper body to the
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lower body, is measured. Such measurements allow an athlete to make
corrections to existing
movement mechanics to improve motion, strength, speed and athleticism. Through
systems and
methods disclosed herein, the strengths and weaknesses of the individual
athlete may be
evaluated and drills created to cue changes for each athlete and improve
athletic performance.
[0048] It is important to recognize that physical development is not
necessarily a point in
time, but rather a continuum. One physical skill is related to, or dependent
upon, another. The
body is a system of muscles, tendons and ligaments that serve as connectors,
stabilizers and
prime movers causing action around the joint complexes. In order to move,
certain muscles
must create action, while others create reactive responses to allow motion.
Being able to move
parts of the body in the same plane, allows balance to occur as it moves. This
requires training
in first muscle response and reactive synchronized muscle action thereafter.
Muscle stability
and effective movement action is based on a series of rotations that occur
around a joint,
propelling direction of action.
[0049] The embodiments described herein use this basic understanding of the
muscle/joint
connection to develop functional strength and movement. Generally, earlier
solutions focused
on isolated muscle action; therefore, complete function was missing, and
performance was
compromised. In the embodiments described herein, the most basic of movement
mechanics are
used to develop the flow of muscle reaction that must occur from the foot
through the entire
body, creating efficient motion.
[0050] The first component to consider in movement mechanics is posture. If
postural
carriage of the body is compromised, so is the quality of the movement.
Accordingly, it is
necessary to train the upper body, hips and foot to be properly positioned
throughout a
movement or sequence of movements. This requires proper development of all
relevant muscle
groups, including the muscles of the lower leg, upper leg, and hips.
[0051] Timing is critical to this development process. The muscle system
must contract,
stabilize and create the necessary rotations to produce motion all in one
action that maintains
proper body position, readying the body for each successive action. These
systems facilitate this
development process.
[0052] Although the embodiments herein will be described with regard to
athletic
performance and activity, the systems and methods described herein may also be
applied to
analyzing and improving any type of movement by a human body, such a patient
undergoing
physical therapy to improve movement as a result of an injury or disease. For
example, the
system could be applied to a patient who has undergone knee surgery and needs
to improve the
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movement of the knee. The system will then capture and analyze the patient's
position and
movement of the knee in order to determine whether the patient can move the
knee as expected
or whether the patient is making progress in increasing the movement of the
knee.
Movement Training System
[0053] In accordance with one embodiment, a system for analyzing a position
of a human
body is provided, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The system 100 will include an
image capture device
102, such as a still camera or video camera, which will capture the images or
videos of the
human body of an athlete or other subject. The image capture device 102 may be
integrated into
a portable electronic device such as a cellular phone, smart phone or tablet,
and the portable
electronic device may be capable of carrying out other aspects of the system,
as will be
described further herein. The image capture device 102 captures an image,
video or sequence of
images of an athlete performing some type of movement.
[0054] The captured image or video is then transmitted to a user
interaction unit 104, such as
a computer with a processor, memory and display, for processing and
interaction with the user.
In one embodiment, the images or videos are uploaded to a comparison unit 106
which may
store the images or videos on a remote server 108 and provide calculations
regarding the angles
of the user' s body in comparison with a desired angle. The images and the
calculations may
then be provided to a user over a web-based interface produced by the user
interaction unit 104.
The user interaction unit 104 provides a graphical user interface (GUI) (see
FIG. 2) on an
integrated or connected display unit 110 which displays the image or video so
that the user can
view and select a position on the human body. An input device 112 such as a
mouse, keyboard,
touch screen, voice recognition, etc. will allow the user to interact with the
GUI. In one
embodiment, the image capture device 102, the user interaction unit 104, the
display unit 110
and the input device 112 may be integrated into a single portable device 114
such as a tablet,
laptop or smart phone. By integrating all of the components of the system 100
into a single
portable device 114, the system can be implemented in numerous environments,
such as on a
field, track, gym or other location where the athlete is training. The system
is not limited to a
closed environment where sensors and specialized equipment are required.
[0055] The GUI may provide the user with instructions on which position to
select based on
the type of activity that the athlete was engaged in. The GUI may also direct
the user to select
positions in a sequence of images so that the movement over the course of a
time interval during
which the images were taken may be determined, as will be described further
below. In one
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embodiment, a position is selected by selecting two points on the human body
which is then
highlighted on the display with a straight line between the two points.
[0056] Once the user has selected one or more positions, the comparison
unit 106 computes
an angle of the position and compares the angle to a desired angle of that
selected position. The
angle may be relative to another part of the body or the ground surface, or
even an object which
the athlete is holding ¨ such as a ball, bat, golf club, hockey stick, etc.
The desired angle may be
stored in a database within a memory of the comparison unit 106, with the
values of various
angles determined using known biomechanical measurements and parameters for a
variety of
activities. The comparison unit 106 then calculates a difference between an
angle of the selected
position and the desired angle of the selected position.
[0057] A display unit 110 may then display a corrective action to the user
based on the
calculated difference. The corrective action may be as simple as the
calculated difference in the
angles (i.e. ¨ 15 degrees), such that the athlete can understand the
correction that is needed
simply from the value of the difference. However, the corrective action may be
more specific or
practical, such as recommending that a runner further extend a foot or that a
weightlifter further
bend their knees. Regardless of the type of information provided, the
corrective action is
intended to help the athlete attain the desired angle of the selected
position. If the display unit is
a portable device such as a laptop, tablet or smart phone, the same portable
device may be used
to capture the image or video, select the positions and display the corrective
actions. The
integration of all of the primary operations of the system allows the system
to be implemented in
almost any training environment that the athlete may be using and will provide
for the athlete to
receive instant feedback regarding their movements.
[0058] Turning to FIG. 2, data flow for the system 100 in accordance with
an embodiment
is shown. The system 100 may include a database or data cloud 116 at the
remote server 108 of
possible outcomes for various exercises. For example, in one embodiment, the
data can be
generated using the comparison unit 106. The comparison unit 106 can include a
computer
simulation tool, previously run for a range of test cases (e.g., other
athletes). In some
embodiments, data cloud 116 uses input parameters and presents them directly
to the
comparison unit 106 for analysis. In such a situation, the analysis is for the
particular athlete,
using only the particular athlete' s performance.
[0059] As used herein, a database includes succinct data information. In
contrast, a data
cloud includes succinct data information as well as tools to manipulate the
data, e.g., algorithms,
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to derive secondary information, e.g., such as by interpolation. Both of these
types of data
storage, database or data cloud, can be referred to generally as a datastore.
[0060] The database or data cloud 116 can contain some or all possible
combinations of
corrections for various exercises of interest and individual athlete
considerations. The data
cloud 114 may be populated for a specific athlete, using athlete data such as
information
measured by the athlete in performing a specific exercise. The data cloud 116
may be populated
by the athlete himself using a display 118 such as a monitor.
[0061] The display 118 is generated by the display unit 110 of the system
100 to set up the
exercise technique or enter the measured exercise parameters. As used herein,
the display 118
and display unit 110 may include the user interaction unit 104 as well as the
hardware needed to
implement the user interaction unit 104. The data associated with the selected
exercise would
then be used to extract the associated outcome in the data cloud 116.
[0062] It should be appreciated that in an alternate embodiment, the
comparison unit 106
and/or data base or data cloud 116 can be located on the same portable device
114 as the display
unit 110. Alternatively, the comparison unit 106 and/or data base or data
cloud 116 can be
located on a different computer system from the viewer system, as shown in
FIG. 1 with the
remote server 108. Exemplary embodiments of the computer systems which may be
embodied
by the image capture device 102, the user interaction unit 104, the comparison
unit 106 or the
portable device 114 as a whole are shown in FIGs. 18A and 18B.
[0063] The system allows the athlete to determine what adjustment should be
made to his or
her form, e.g., stance, positioning, etc., by interacting with the controls on
the left panel with the
display changing to indicate the required corrections to form based on
information provided by
the user.
[0064] One benefit of the embodiment is that the athlete is not required to
wear any sensors
or even perform the activity in a certain setting configured with sensors to
measure movement or
motion. A video or image of the athlete may be taken in any setting, such as
during a team
practice, at a gym, etc., and the video can be immediately uploaded from the
portable device 114
to the remote server 108 which processes the video and provides the GUI for
the user to select
positions. This process is designed to take only a few seconds or minutes,
depending on
whether the video is uploaded from the image capture device 102 or is first
transferred to
another computer (not shown) which is connected to the remote server 108
through a network.
The analysis can then be immediately displayed to the user on the display 118.
The user is
therefore able to obtain near real-time feedback on the athlete's movement and
provide that
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feedback to the athlete during a training session or practice, so that the
athlete can make
immediate corrections. The system can significantly improve the benefits of a
practice or
training session and reduce the amount of time needed for an athlete to
improve movement
mechanics and athletic performance.
[0065] In accordance with one embodiment, the initial level of an athlete'
s ability is
measured, e.g., by measuring the athlete's performance in completing an
athletic task.
Recommendations are then made to the user or athlete on how to improve
performance. The
athlete' s performance is then measured again in order to determine the
improvement the athlete
achieved. The performance of the athlete may be measured through the angles of
movement,
strength measurements, speed measurements and even lean muscle mass
measurements.
[0066] The data being collected during the training sessions and the use of
the system is also
valuable for other reasons. In one embodiment, the data on how quickly an
athlete improves
over the course of numerous training sessions can be used to model a predicted
course of
improvement for an athlete over a period of time. For example, if data from
other athletes is
modeled, the system can provide expected goals for a future athlete to attain
at certain steps in
the process based on the previous improvements of other athletes utilizing the
system. This
analytical application will help a user (such as a coach, trainer or the
athlete) determine whether
the athlete is improving his or her movement along a normal pace, a slower
pace or a faster
pace. A coach may be able to determine whether an athlete has been completing
a
recommended schedule of training or whether an athlete may be more skilled
than others, and
adjustments can then be made to the training regimen.
[0067] In addition to training an athlete, in one embodiment, the data
collected from the use
of the system may be compiled to also assess the effectiveness of a particular
type of training
activity. In other words, the degree of improvement of the athletes in
response to different types
of training programs may be analyzed to determine if one training program is
more effective
than another in improving the athletes' movement and performance.
Training Foot Movement
[0068] In one embodiment, the system may analyze and assess movement of a
foot.
Creating proprioreceptive activity to the necessary muscles to initiate motion
is a primary
component to the timing of muscle reaction. If the foot does not function
correctly, neither will
movement. Therefore, many types of movement essentially begin in the foot.
Based on this
premise, it is evident that training the muscular use of the foot is critical.
Using thermographic
photos of functional reaction on the soles of the feet during gait, drills can
then be established
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that train a functional muscle response in the feet. Due to years of
compensation, many athletes
fall inside on the feet, walk on the outsides of the feet, or lean back or
forward due to a lack of
stability on the mid foot. These systems and methods use the drills to teach
the correct
mechanical function and strengthen the muscles of the foot, to begin movement
training.
Observation of athletes has made it apparent that very few of them produce
motion from their
feet, but, rather, leaned forward and basically "fall" into a direction of
movement. This creates
an off-balance position, and results in a slower than desired rate of movement
(first step speed).
[0069] Based on these basic principles of movement, the present systems and
methods
facilitate improvement in an athlete's functional strength, which is necessary
to produce the
power, balanced speed and quickness required for optimal performance. However,
just being
able to move a lot of weight in the gym will not necessarily transfer to use
of that strength on the
field or court.
[0070] An exemplary scenario guiding an athlete using the system 100 will
now be
described. Unless specified otherwise, FIGs. 3-14 illustrate actions performed
by the viewer
system. Also, references to anatomy are intended to be references to
representations in the
system 100 (e.g., underlying data).
[0071] Turning not to FIG. 3, in a first step, the athlete or user launches
the software
application for movement training, also referred to interchangeably as
movement training
application described in further detail in FIGs. 18A and 18B. In some
embodiments, the
movement training application of the comparison unit produces the GUI see on
the display 118.
Thus, the movement training application receives data from database 116, which
may be
produced by the comparison unit 106. The movement training application may be
launched
from a desktop icon, and run locally from the portable device 114, the user's
computer, tablet,
smart phone, or other electronic device. Alternatively, the movement training
application may
be accessed via the internet, and run on the remote server 108.
[0072] Upon launching the movement training application, the display or
screen 118
displays a preloaded case representing a model athlete. Alternatively, data on
a specific athlete
could be loaded at this point. This specific athlete data may be loaded by the
user or athlete by
selecting, e.g., a previously recorded video of the athlete. The athlete data,
regardless of source
is the starting point for the rest of the movement training analysis. This
athlete data, combined
with measured parameters obtained from the data, determines the outputs
displayed.
[0073] Still referring to FIG. 3, in a first step, the user plays a
previously recorded video or
sequence of images of an athlete performing a predetermined exercise. For
example, FIGs. 3-14
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all relate to an athlete participating in a 40-yard sprint. During the course
of playing the video,
the movement training application presents the user with various instructions
which ensure that
the user makes certain measurements at predesignated times. For example, in
FIG. 3, the user is
instructed to "Stop the video at foot strike." Thus, the user should click on
the stop button 210
once the athlete's foot touches the ground in the video.
[0074] Referring now to FIG. 4, in a second step, the user is informed that
he is going to
check the distance between the foot strike and the athlete's center of mass
("COM"). In order to
do this, a message is displayed on the screen 118 which instructs the user to
"First draw a line
from the middle of your hip straight down through the protractor." In one
embodiment, the user
is able to draw a line on the screen with an input device 112, such as by
clicking a mouse on a
spot where the line should begin and dragging the mouse to a spot where the
line should end. A
protractor may, in some embodiments, be built into the screen as a border 310
for the video to
aid in identifying the line that should be drawn. This line from the hip is
illustrated as numeral
320.
[0075] Referring now to FIG. 5, in a third step, the user is instructed to
"Next draw a line
from the center of your hip through the ball of the foot on the ground." This
line from the hip
through the foot is illustrated as numeral 410.
[0076] Referring now to FIG. 6, in a fourth step, the user is informed that
he is going to
measure the difference in degrees between the two lines he has drawn 320, 410.
Thus, a
message is displayed on the screen 118 to instruct the user to "Enter the
number of degrees
between the lines in box A." Box A is a first input field and is represented
by numeral 510. In
one embodiment, the movement training software may be programmed to determine
the slope of
the lines and convert them to degrees, which can then be subtracted to
determine the difference
between the angle of the athlete's body part and that of the desired angle.
[0077] Box A is one of the controls on the left panel 505, for which the
user interacts with to
determine how to improve the athlete's performance. Also included in left
panel 505 are Box B
520 and Box C 530, which are also input fields, and the following buttons:
Clear 540, Directions
550, Example 560 and Submit 570. Clear button 540 clears the input values in
boxes 510, 520
and 530. Directions button 550 provides user interface directions allowing the
user to input
personal performance data onto a film clip of the user running or performing
prescribed lifts
(e.g., instructs user on how/where to draw lines and compute protractor
degrees to insert into
data input spaces on page). Example button 560 provides visual examples of
proper or optimal
technique with respect to running or the prescribed lifts. In some
embodiments, example button
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560 is replaced by a corrections button (e.g., on the user account version),
similarly providing
visual examples of proper or optimal technique. Submit button 570 submits the
entered values
from Boxes A-C, 510-530.
[0078] Referring still to FIG. 6, the user is able to determine the
difference between lines
320, 410 by looking at the angle measurements on the protractor and
subtracting one from the
other and entering the absolute value of the difference in Box A 510. As shown
in FIG. 5, the
difference in degrees between lines 320 and 410 is 9. In one embodiment, the
measurement
automatically appears on the screen when the user finishes drawing the second
line. As
previously described, the movement training software may be programmed to
determine the
slope of the lines and convert them to degrees, which can then be subtracted
to determine the
difference between the angle of the athlete's body part and that of the
desired angle.
[0079] Referring now to FIG. 7, the user is informed that he is going to
check the distance
between the athlete's foot and COM. This is intended to give the user a good
idea of how much
power the athlete is generating with each stride. In a fifth step, the user is
instructed "Stop the
video when your heel comes off the ground." The rear heel of the athlete is
identified by line
610.
[0080] Referring now to FIG. 8, in a sixth step, the user is instructed to
"Draw a line from
the center of your hip straight down through the protractor." This is similar
to the task done in
FIG. 4. This line from the hip is illustrated as numeral 720.
[0081] Referring now to FIG. 9, in a seventh step, the user in instructed
to "Next draw a line
from the center of the hip through the ball of the foot on the ground." This
is similar to the task
done in FIG. 5. This line from the hip through the foot is illustrated as
numeral 810.
[0082] Referring now to FIG. 10, in an eighth step, the user is informed
that he is going to
measure the difference in degrees between the two lines he has drawn 720, 810.
Thus, the user
is instructed "Enter the number of degrees between the two lines in box B."
The user is able to
determine the difference between lines 720, 810 by looking at the angle
measurements on the
protractor and subtracting one from the other and entering the absolute value
of the difference in
Box B 520. As shown in FIG. 10, the difference in degrees between lines 720,
810 was 4. In
one embodiment, the measurement automatically appears on the screen when the
user finishes
drawing the second line.
[0083] Referring now to FIG. 11, in a ninth step, the user is informed that
he is going to
check the angle of the athlete's push. The user is instructed to "Stop the
video at extension.
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Draw a line from the toe of the foot coming off the ground, up just in front
of the knee, through
the protractor." This line from the toe is illustrated as numeral 1010.
[0084]
Referring now to FIG. 12, in a tenth step, the user is instructed to "Next
draw a line
from the center of the hip straight up through the protractor." This line from
the hip is illustrated
as numeral 1110.
[0085]
Referring now to FIG. 13, in an eleventh step, the user is instructed to
"Enter the
number of degrees between the two lines in box C." The user is able to
determine the difference
between lines 1010, 1110 by looking at the angle measurements on the
protractor and
subtracting one from the other and entering the absolute value of the
difference in Box C 530.
As shown in FIG. 13, the difference in degrees between lines 1010, 1110 was
38. In one
embodiment, the measurement automatically appears on the screen when the user
finishes
drawing the second line.
[0086]
Referring now to FIG. 14, the user is instructed at box 1402 to "Click on
Submit to
get your feedback." Thereafter, the movement training application provides the
user with
information in a feedback area 1404 related to measurements made by the user
in FIGs. 3-13.
For example, in FIGs. 3-6, foot strike was examined, in FIGs. 7-10, foot
action was examined,
and in FIGs. 11-13, angle of push was examined. Thus, the information provided
to the user in
this example relates to these three items. As shown in FIG. 14, the output
provided to the user
in the feedback area 1404 is as follows: "Foot strike in good position for max
stride length; Foot
action early, loss of power output; Angle of push is good, max stride length."
While shown in
the same screen as the instructions, the output of the movement training
application may be
provided in a separate screen. In some embodiments, output includes
information (e.g.,
actions/drills) required for or desirable for making corrections.
User Feedback
[0087] In
some embodiments, the user or athlete will be able to click on the various
outputs
or conclusions supplied by the movement training application and get a more
detailed analysis.
For example, in some embodiments, the performance of each of the items
examined may be
rated on scale (e.g., such a 1 to 100), the user or athlete can monitor and
aim to improve. Thus,
using the movement training application can be an iterative process, where the
athlete continues
to monitor his performance and take measurements to ensure that his
performance is improving.
[0088] In
some embodiments, when the user hits submit, comparison unit can examine the
data in Boxes A-C. 510-530, and provide a score, e.g., between 1-100, or a
letter grade score,
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e.g. "A," "B," etc. The user can also be provided feedback to help them
improve their scores.
In one embodiment described further below, the user may be told "Your upper
body is too high"
so that the user receives advice on how to correct the degrees at which their
movement or
position departs from the desired angle. In other embodiments, exercises,
drills, movements,
etc., can be suggested based on the user's score and the analysis performed.
[0089] While the present example has described a single user or athlete's
review of the
athlete's performance, the movement training application allows each athlete
to have an
individual account which may be accessed through the main website. For
example, each
athlete's performance of lift, run, drill, etc., is accessible on his or her
account. The athletes are
able to draw lines, by way of direction, to show body position throughout and
allow interactive
learning of correct positioning.
[0090] In another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15, the data for multiple
athletes can be
compiled and presented in a table 1500 to evaluate an athlete's progress over
the course of a
training program and compare the athlete to other athletes participating in
the same program.
Individual athletes can be listed by name (or a designated generic identifier)
on the multiple
rows 1502, and the data compiled during their training sessions can be
displayed in the multiple
columns 1504 across the top of the table 1500. In one embodiment, the data may
include the
difference in calculated angles over the course of several training sessions
so that the user or
athlete can determine if their movement and positions are improving. In
another embodiment,
the user or athlete may be prompted to enter additional information into the
GUI which will
provide further analysis of the progress of the athlete through the training
programs. For
example, the amount of weight that an athlete lifts in a bench press may be
input and displayed
over the course of several training sessions to show whether an athlete is
increasing the amount
of weight being lifted as they go through the movement training process. The
effectiveness of
the movement training system can then be evaluated in terms of the athlete's
improved
performance, strength, speed or any other quantitative category which can be
measured and
entered into the system.
Training Lifting Movements
[0091] In one embodiment, an athlete may be trained in a weightlifting
activity such as a
bench press, as illustrated in FIGs. 16A-16D and 17A-17C. The user opens the
movement
training application on the portable device and sees the GUI 1600 shown in
FIG. 16A. FIG.
16A illustrates a screen shot of the GUI 1600 where the user is asked to stop
the video 1602 at a
specific time 1604 in the video sequence when the athlete 1606 in the video is
at a specific
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position in the bench press movement. At the bottom of the GUI are video
buttons 1608 labeled
"1 - 19," which allow a user to view up to nineteen different videos per
activity. Selecting button
"1" will play a first video sequence of the athlete completing a single bench
press action.
[0092] The remaining sections of the GUI 1600 will be explained below. A
start/stop button
1610 allows the user to start and stop the video, and a Frame-by-Frame button
1612 allows the
user move through the video sequence frame-by-frame, as shown by the time
marker 1604.
Zoom buttons 1614 allow the user to zoom in or out on the image to better
identify the athlete' s
position. A home page button 1616 (H) allows the user to return to the main
GUI of the
application, and an Enter button 1618 allows the user to tell the application
to calculate the
difference in angles once the user has selected appropriate positions on the
athlete's body 1606.
A Clear button 1620 resets the entire method, and a degree of correction box
1622 displays the
difference between the desired angle and the measured angle. A full screen
button 1624
expands the GUI to fill an entire screen of a display for easier viewing.
Navigational buttons
1626 "up, down, left, and right" are used to move the video 1602 around the
GUI 1600.
Sequence buttons 1628 labeled 1-9 on the right side refer to different types
of measurements that
can be made for any one activity (such as the bench press). There may be more
or less
measurements depending on the type of activity, to the number of sequence
buttons 1628 is not
limited to only 9. Although not illustrated here, the GUI may also include a
message button
which may be used to send messages to the athlete in the video or other users
to discuss the
measurements being observed or tips on correcting certain movements.
[0093] Once the video is loaded, the user will select one of the sequence
buttons 1628 on the
right side of the GUI. These are the buttons used by the user to evaluate a
specific type of
movement during the activity. In this embodiment, there are two different
sequences for the
bench press activity. Sequence 1 is a forearm position, and Sequence 2 is the
upper arm position.
[0094] To evaluate Sequence 1 (forearm position), the video is advanced
frame-by-frame to
the frame where the weight 1630 is at its lowest position (resting on the
chest of the athlete
1606), as shown in FIG. 16B. The user is then prompted to identify the middle
of the elbow and
select a first point (by clicking the mouse at that point), and a first dot
1632 is created on the
user-selected point. The user is then prompted to select a second point on the
middle of the
wrist, and a second dot 1634 is created at that point, as shown in FIG. 16C. A
straight line 1636
appears which passes through the middle of the first dot 1632 and second dot
1634. As shown
in FIG. 16D, once the user selects the "Enter" button 1618, the movement
training application
measures the angle between the two dots 1632, 1634. This is the angle of the
user's forearm.
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By clicking on the "Enter" button 1618, the application compares this angle
with a desired angle
stored in a database, and outputs a degree of correction in the correction box
1622. In this
embodiment, the degree of correction is "2," which may indicate to the user
that the athlete
needs to adjust the position of the forearm by 2 degrees. If the number was
negative (i.e. -2),
this would tell the user that the athlete needs to adjust the position of the
forearm by 2 degrees in
the opposite direction. The basic process of movement training is now
complete.
[0095] To complete a second movement training operation for a different
type of movement,
the user can select the "Clear" button 1620 which removes the dots, lines and
degree of
correction, as illustrated in FIG. 17A. The user may now click on Sequence 2
from the
sequence buttons 1628 in order to now calculate the position of the upper arm
during the bench
press. The video is advanced to the same time as previous, where the athlete
1606 has the
weight 1630 at a lowest position. The user is prompted to select a point at
the middle of the
armpit, and a first dot 1638 appears. In FIG. 17B, the user is asked to click
on a point at the
middle of the elbow, and a second dot 1640 appears, followed by a straight
line 1642 which
passes through the middle of the first dot 1638 and second dot 1640. This is
the angle of the
user's upper arm. As shown in FIG. 17C, by clicking on the "Enter" button
1618, the
application compares this angle with a desired angle stored in a database, and
outputs a degree
of correction in the correction box 1622. In this embodiment, the degree of
correction is "-1 ,"
which may indicate to the user that the athlete needs to adjust the position
of the forearm by 1
degree. If the number was positive (i.e. 1, this would tell the user that the
athlete needs to adjust
the position of the forearm by 1 degree in the opposite direction. The basic
process of
movement training is now complete.
[0096] It should also be appreciated that while the calculation of the
angles in Sequence 1
and Sequence 2 were done separately, these calculations may be completed in a
single combined
sequence where the user measures the position of the forearm and the position
of the upper arm
at the same time. Both angles of correction may be displayed simultaneously
and could
therefore be used to understand the relationships of the position of one part
of the body to
another. For example, the angle of the upper arm may influence the angle of
the lower arm, and
so correcting the angle of the upper arm will automatically improve the angle
of the forearm.
The system can illustrate this to the user and the athlete to better improve
the athlete's
movement.
[0097] In another embodiment, the user may want to compare videos from
different sessions
by selecting different video buttons 1608 along the bottom of the GUI. The
user can then
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compare an athlete's movement and position over a period of time through
several training
sessions in order to determine if the athlete is improving, staying the same
or regressing.
[0098] The system and method described above with regard to the lift
training may also be
applied to the foot training, as shown in FIGs. 18A and 18B. FIG. 18A
illustrates a GUI 1800
showing a method of calculating the angle of a front foot as it strikes the
ground. As previously
described with respect to the bench press movement, a first dot 1802 is placed
where the front
foot hits the ground, and a second dot 1804 is placed at the athlete's hip
area. The line 1806 is
then drawn between the first dot 1802 and second dot 1804, and the user
selects "Enter" 1808 to
have the difference between the athlete's angle and a desired angle be output
in the correction
box 1810. FIG. 18B illustrates the method of identifying the angle of the back
leg, or recovery
leg, during a running motion. A first dot 1812 is placed at the knee of the
recovery leg, and a
second dot 1814 is placed at the hip of the athlete. The line 1816 is drawn
between the two dots,
and the user hits the "Enter" button 1808 to receive the difference between
the athlete's
measured angle and the desired angle output to the correction box 1810.
[0099] The info that the coach and the athlete obtained from this
evaluation will enable the
athlete to make a correction before it results in an injury or poor
performance on the field.
Exercise or skill, done out of position, effects performance in a negative
way. All activities are
evaluated the same way (body position in motion).
Training Rotational Movement
[00100] Rotational components are critical to efficient movement; they are the
body's
mechanism to produce motion. The strength an athlete attains must be that
which produces
rotational stability along with prime muscle strength and speed of
contraction. The same body
positions required for perfect motion must be maintained in all strength work
so that the transfer
to performance is automatic. Otherwise, the rotations will be shut down, the
stabilizers de-
activated, and performance compromised. In addition, total muscle action will
not be
developed, and compensation creating over work of certain muscles, out of
position, will cause
injury.
[00101] Upper body development must ensure the correct positioning required of
the upper
body during movement as it works in conjunction with the hips to maintain
balance and function
in the correct plane. Therefore, chest, shoulder and upper back exercises must
be performed in
such a way that they maintain the stabilizers and develop the use of muscle
order that will be
used athletically. Otherwise, the strength attained will impede performance
and lends to
potential injury. In order to ensure that compensations are not taking over
during strength
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training, the present systems and methods allow the athlete to see the lift as
it is performed and
grades the components that are essential to success.
[00102] In some embodiments, the feedback obtained from the movement training
application
may be used as an educational tool for both the athlete and the
coaches/parents. The coaches or
teacher (when applied to a classroom) may have access to all video, grading,
and progress of
each participant, so that it becomes documentation, tracking tool for them as
well. In some
embodiments, the movement training application also carries the ability for a
coach to
communicate with the athlete through his account, posting comments on
performance, and for
the athlete to submit understanding of his video analysis to the coach.
[00103] Through drill work on movement mechanics and functional strength
development,
the system develops each component that contributes to athleticism. Each piece
provides the
basis for speed. As running mechanics becomes more proficient, and functional
strength
improves, speed increases.
Computer Implementation
[00104] FIG. 19A illustrates a representation of a computer system 1900 and a
user 1902.
The user 1902 uses the computer system 1900 to perform performance training
based on
movement mechanics and functional strength development in an athlete. The
computer system
1900 stores and executes a movement training application 1990.
[00105] FIG. 19B is a functional block diagram illustrating the computer
system 1900
hosting the movement training application 1990. The controller 1910 is a
programmable
processor and controls the operation of the computer system 1900 and its
components. The
controller 1910 loads instructions (e.g., in the form of a computer program)
from the memory
1920 or an embedded controller memory (not shown) and executes these
instructions to control
the system. In its execution, the controller 1910 provides the movement
training application
1990 as a software system. Alternatively, this service can be implemented as
separate hardware
components in the controller 1910 or the computer system 1900.
[00106] Memory 1920 stores data temporarily for use by the other components of
the
computer system 1900. In one implementation, memory 1920 is implemented as
RAM. In one
implementation, memory 1920 also includes long-term or permanent memory, such
as flash
memory and/or ROM.
[00107] Storage 1930 stores data temporarily or long term for use by other
components of the
computer system 1900, such as for storing data used by the movement training
application 1990.
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Such stored data may include previously measured athlete values. In one
implementation,
storage 1930 is a hard disk drive.
[00108] The media device 1940 receives removable media and reads and/or writes
data to the
inserted media. In one implementation, for example, the media device 1940 is
an optical disc
drive.
[00109] The user interface 1950 includes components for accepting user input
from the user
of the computer system 1900 and presenting information to the user. In one
implementation, the
user interface 1950 includes a keyboard, a mouse, audio speakers, and a
display. The controller
1910 uses input from the user to adjust the operation of the computer system
1900.
[00110] The I/0 interface 1960 includes one or more I/0 ports to connect to
corresponding
I/0 devices, such as external storage or supplemental devices (e. g., a
printer or a PDA). In one
implementation, the ports of the I/0 interface 1960 include ports such as: USB
ports, PCMCIA
ports, serial ports, and/or parallel ports. In another implementation, the I/0
interface 1960
includes a wireless interface for communication with external devices
wirelessly.
[00111] The network interface 1970 includes a wired and/or wireless network
connection,
such as an RJ-45 or "Wi-Fi" interface (including, but not limited to 802.11)
supporting an
Ethernet connection.
[00112] The computer system 1900 includes additional hardware and software
typical of
computer systems (e.g., power, cooling, operating system), though these
components are not
specifically shown in FIG. 19B for simplicity. In
other implementations, different
configurations of the computer system can be used (e.g., different bus or
storage configurations
or a multi-processor configuration).
Methods of Movement Training
[00113] FIG. 20 is a flow chart which illustrates one embodiment of a method
of training a
human body. In a first step 2002, at least one image of a human body is
captured. In step 2004,
at least one position of the human body is selected on the captured image. The
at least one
position may be selected by selecting at least two points on the human body.
In step 2006, an
angle of the human body is determined at the at least one selected position.
In step 2008, a
difference is calculated between the angle at the selected position and a
desired angle of the at
least one selected position. In step 2010, a corrective action is displayed to
the user based on the
calculated difference.
Evaluating Performance Readiness
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[00114] In one embodiment, the systems and methods described above may be used
to
measure a user' s technique during a physical activity, which along with a
separate metric for
strength or related ability, can be combined to provide an overall
"performance ready" value.
The performance ready value will indicate how ready the user is to perform the
physical activity
being evaluated, or if numerous physical activities are being evaluated, the
user' s overall ability
to perform (such as in a particular sport). The performance ready score may be
based on the
combination of a technique score and a strength score, although other criteria
relating to a user's
physical ability and movement may be used, such as the movements described in
the sections
above. FIG. 21 illustrates an image of a user interface where a user's
technique may be
evaluated, as has been described above. In this image, the user in the image
is being evaluated
with regard to their technique of swinging a lacrosse stick. The specific
technique being
evaluated is the angle of the user' s rear foot as it pushes off the ground
while the user swings the
lacrosse stick. Additionally, the angle of the user's leg is measured. These
techniques can then
be given values based on preset thresholds or amounts.
[00115] In one embodiment, the performance ready value is an average of a
technique score
and a strength score, as shown by the table in FIG. 22. In FIG. 22, a list of
users on the left row
(with names obscured for privacy) is provided, and subsequent columns on the
right display
numerical scores relating to past and present technique and a percentage of
change over this
time; scores relating to the user's past and present strength and a percentage
of change over this
time; and a past and present performance score and a percentage change over
time. The
performance score maybe a numerical average of the technique and strength
scores, or it could
be a weighted average where one of the criteria is weighted more heavily than
another. This
may occur if a particular activity is known to require more technique than
strength, for example,
in which case the technique value may be increased by a factor of a selected
variable or simply
increased by a specific amount. A percentage of change of the performance
ready score over
time may also be included, which may be the output that tells the user or a
coach or trainer what
the user' s overall performance ability is and whether they are continuing to
improve.
[00116] In FIG. 23, an overall performance ready table is shown, which
displays a list of
users' past and present scores that have been averaged across a number of
different physical
activities for which they were measured. For example, the overall performance
ready score may
be an average of five different physical activities which the user is
completing. This overall
performance ready score therefore provides a broader picture of a user' s
overall physical ability
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as opposed to just a particular type of physical activity. Thus, a coach,
trainer or even the user
may see if they are making progress based on an easy to understand numerical
score.
[00117] In one embodiment, the performance score may be simplified to a number
between 1
and 10, or it could be complex enough to require a larger ratings system, such
as 1 to 100.
Applications of Performance Ready Evaluations
[00118] In one embodiment, the performance score may be utilized to measure a
user's
progress toward recovery from an injury. The user's progress may be measured
based on their
current and historical performance readiness values. In addition, if the
user's performance ready
score was determined prior to injury, this pre-injury performance ready value
can be used as a
benchmark to determine when the user has fully recovered from their injury.
[00119] In another embodiment, the performance ready scores may be monitored
to look at
trends that may be occurring across athletes of a same discipline or a group
being trained with a
particular technique or trainer. If the users in a particular group see a
noticeable increase or
decrease in their performance activity, the particular trainer, training sets,
time spent training
and other factors may be reviewed to determine the reason for the trending
performance ready
scores.
[00120] For example, if a group of users in a class or on a team see a
universal drop in
performance ready scores, it could be a sign that the users are being over-
trained. This could be
further confirmed by looking specifically at strength measurements for
particular activities that
the group is doing to see if their strength scores are also decreasing.
[00121] In another situation, if one user's performance ready score is flat or
decreasing while
other users in the same group are increasing, a coach or trainer can identify
the abnormality and
focus on that user to determine why they have not been progressing.
[00122] Another application of evaluating technique is in providing specific
corrections to a
user in order to improve their technique. In one embodiment, a user that
receives a low score in
technique for a particular activity may receive a message with a tip on how to
correct the
technique and improve their technique score. The message may include a
hyperlink to a picture
or video which demonstrates a proper technique, or even a hyperlink to the
user's own video of
their performance along with annotations that show why the user' s technique
is poor and how to
correct it. An image of a messaging system which may be implemented is
illustrated in FIG.
24. The messaging system may be provided to a coach or trainer who wants to
communicate
with their team or a specific athlete with regard to the performance ready
scores that they are
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reviewing. The message interface may list one or more message senders, the
message
recipient(s), a brief summary of the message, and other pertinent information.
The user may
receive their own performance ready scores and other related scores in the
message as well, so
they can see their progress and identify their own trends.
[00123] FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a method of
evaluating a
physical activity of a user to determine a performance ready score. In a first
step 2502, one or
more images of a user performing a physical activity are received for
processing of the user's
movement, as has been described herein. Using the images, a user's technique
during the
performance of the activity can be evaluated (such as the angle of the
athlete's foot in FIG. 21).
Based on the evaluation, the user's technique is assigned a numerical score.
In step 2506, a
strength score is determined based on data received with regard to the user's
measured strength
during the physical activity. Once the strength score and technique score are
determined, these
two scores are combined in step 2508 to generate a performance ready score.
The technique and
strength scores may be combined by averaging the two scores, summing the two
scores, or
weighting one or both of the scores individually before summing or averaging.
The
performance ready score can then be displayed to the user or another
interested party in order to
empirically assess the user's physical ability. In an additional step 2510,
the performance ready
score may be compared with past performance ready scores from the same user or
with
performance ready scores from other users in related groups, activities,
teams, etc. to determine
trends and patterns relevant to the user's training.
Movement Training Drills
[00124] One or more drills may be developed which focus on training a user to
improve their
movement, technique and overall performance readiness. Efficient movement is
the common
requirement of every sport, and teaching the body to create efficient movement
is the basis for
improving balance, coordination, timing, quickness, explosion and speed.
Improving these
athletic components allows an athlete to excel in the used of specific skills.
[00125] The system is developmental, and teaches the athlete how to use the
feet effectively
and then to assimilate that action throughout the rest of the body to produce
synchronized action
and reaction. This is done through a series of movement drills that address
each component of
movement and become more complex and inclusive as the athlete progresses.
[00126] The following is a list of drills divided up based on skill levels,
starting with easier,
Level I drills and finishing with more complex, Level IV drills.
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Level I Drills
[00127] Walk and Press - Designed to acquaint the athlete with the mid foot
and learn to use
it as the base for all pushing motion to follow. It develops strength in the
muscle use of the foot
and lower leg, and teaches weight transfer, balance point, timing, body
position and
control. This drill is essential to the development necessary for performance
of the more
advanced drills. Perfecting it aids int he development of all areas of
performance.
[00128] Ankle Snap - Furthers identification of the mid foot and its use as
contact and
balance point. Requires a quicker response from the muscles in the feet and
lower leg to contact
the ground at the correct point more quickly.
[00129] Ankle Bounce - Using the foot to initiate motion, further strengthens
the mid foot and
lower leg, while adding propulsion forward, requiring the body to take the
action up throughout
the legs and hips, and carry upper body position forward in a balanced motion.
[00130] Ankle Bounce Backward - Works on the coordination and timing of the
upper and
lower body together as the push backward coordinates with the release of the
opposite side. It
also helps develop balance over the mid foot, along with stability and control
in carriage of the
upper body.
[00131] Lateral Ankle Bounce - Addresses the ability to use the mid foot at a
lateral angle,
strengthening the use of the foot into inner leg, developing core strength to
carry the body in
balance as it moves laterally. Done correctly, this drill helps develop
reactive ability in the feet
to get on the ground quickly and in position under the hips.
[00132] Single Leg Firing - The beginning to the running component. The mid
foot must
control the initiation of movement, and the reaction off the ground resulting
in a recovery
position under the hips. We work one leg at a time to achieve learning of
control and
positioning on each side. It emphasizes foot use, timing, upper body carriage
and positioning,
arm action, hip strength and coordination.
[00133] Single Leg Firing Backward - Adds the component of balance to the
process of using
the foot quickly to fire upward, under the hip. Balance over the mid foot is
important to carry
the upper body backward in balance.
[00134] Single Leg Firing Laterally - Emphasizes the reactive use of the mid
foot to move the
body laterally while strengthening foot muscle use to achieve firing position
under the hip.
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[00135] Low Push Forward - Develops the use of the hips and hamstrings to
maintain body
position, while mid foot response generates forward motion, and responds
rapidly to reestablish
position with feet back under hips. Creates strength and coordination of upper
and lower body
working together to generate an explosive action, resulting in a balanced end
point.
[00136] Low Push Zig Zag - Adds the component of using the mid foot in an
angled direction
to direct motion. Strength to hold upper body in position, while feet work at
an angle is an
additional component developed here, which is required in multiple sport
skills
applications. Feet must react first, then core ability must hold the upper
body and hip position to
take the body to the desired point as a unit.
[00137] Lateral Low Push - Strengthens the use of the foot in a lateral
direction to push
against the surface to move the rest of the body laterally. Requires even more
core development
to carry the upper body and hips simultaneously, and react with the push foot
to regain position
for the next move. Arm action connected with foot action is emphasized here as
well.
Level II Drills
[00138] At this level, we work on creating turns while in motion. Drills that
create stability
in the center of the body allow movement to occur in balance. Positioning is
taught here so that,
at each foot strike, the upper body is in alignment with the mid foot. This is
developed in every
direction successively.
[00139] Bounce Push Out - Adds the component of extension through the push leg
to produce
power forward. Requires the feet to carry and contact at mid foot, absorbing
more energy, and
reacting rapidly as the body is covering more ground. Arm action is further
expanded into a
larger motion.
[00140] Bounce Push Out Backward - Using the same skills as before, now a
greater effort
from the foot is required, and the body has to carry in a level position as it
moves backward a a
faster rate, covering more ground. Further balance and coordination is
developed within it.
[00141] Bounce Push Out Forward to Backward - Adds the complexity of turning,
in stride,
and continuing the same rate of motion in balance. Develops the ability of the
body to maintain
position, react across the foot to turn hips, land solidly on the next mid
foot, and be able to
continue speed of motion to the next turn. Several are performed in a row
during the drill,
handling back and forth turns off once side, then repeats using the other.
[00142] Lateral Bounce Push Out - emphasizes the push across the mid foot to
direct the body
in a lateral direction, but adds the component of extension as more ground is
covered. The feet
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have to react more quickly to handle the increased energy, and still contact
under the hips as the
drill is performed. Arm action is performed in a larger range, as well, and
coordinated with
more rapid motion from the feet.
[00143] Lateral Bounce Side to Side - Full turn is required as the lateral
bounce is performed
to a change of direction that is initiated by the push across the mid foot,
resulting in a turn of the
hips, keeping balance, as the upper body follows hips, and the foot contact is
in the correct
position for the next push. Multiple turns are repeated in the course of the
drill.
[00144] Firing Forward to Backward - continues the mechanics of the turn into
the skill of
firing, both forward and backward, requiring the foot use, balance,
coordination, timing,
quickness of mid foot response, hip position, and arm action. One foot is the
primary focal point
of the turn for multiple reps, then the other side is the active component. We
train each side
independently, to obtain unilateral proficiency.
[00145] Firing Lateral to Forward - A very quick drill, using the lateral push
across the mid
foot to create a rapid 90 degree turn, and the control to take the body back
to the lateral position
with balance and stability. This is repeated multiple times as it progresses,
first with one foot
being the turn foot, then with the other for multiple reps.
[00146] Firing Lateral to Backward - Requires the balance component to carry
the body
quickly into a backward position from a 90 degree turn, the quickness of the
foot to get into the
fire position going backward, and the rapid response across the foot to get
the body back to a
lateral position. This is repeated multiple times one side, then repeated
multiple times on the
other side. Thus further developing equal proficiency and strength on each
side of the body.
[00147] Low Push Zig Zag (out two, back one) - Carrying the body forward in a
45 degree
pattern, a stop must occur and a quick use of the outside foot to redirect
action backward at 45
degrees is required. This works on the ability to position the body over mid
foot at push,
landing, and reversal, creating a balance point in each direction. The push
foot is also required
to react back into a position under the body immediately. Body components must
remain intact
as the whole body is moved as a unit from front to back, and front again.
Multiple reps are
repeated in a row.
[00148] Lateral Low Push (out two, back one) - while generating some power
laterally, the
body must be able to maintain low position, and land in a based position over
the mid foot, even
though it is moving laterally (upper body can't lean toward direction of
motion, or against it) and
mid foot must be able to react back the other direction rapidly, and with
equal power. Arms
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must match foot action, and be able to reverse, creating coordination and
synchronization. This
applies directly to defensive efforts in many sports.
[00149] Low Push, alternating Forward to Backward (out two, back one) -
Carrying the body
forward, alternating off each foot, the second foot contact must react to push
backward, without
allowing the body to lean back, or reach with the other foot. This develops
coordination, and
quick reactive response with the feet. Balance throughout the drill requires
the athlete to be in
the correct body position, and be able to hold low position through the hips
and hamstrings.
[00150] Zig Zag Low Push w Vert - Performing the zig zag low push while adding
a vertical
jump at last foot contact creates the ability to redistribute weight to the
next motion and use the
foot action to redirect the body into a vertical direction with quickness and
power. Landing into
a low position and producing another zig zag pattern requires the body to
stabilize through the
hips and hamstrings, and develops the immediate use of the foot to create the
motion, in order to
keep feet under the body, required for balance. Reactive strength and
explosion are further
enhanced by the vertical jump.
[00151] Lateral Low Push w Vert - Performing the lateral low push while adding
a vertical
jim at last foot contact creates the ability to redistribute weight to the
next motion and use the
foot action to redirect the body into a vertical direction with quickness and
power. Landing into
a low position and producing another lateral push, requires a rapid use of the
mid foot to move
the whole body laterally, and the coordination to push from one side while
releasing the other
simultaneously. Arm action must follow the timing of this drill, furthering
coordination of the
body as a unit. The vertical jump develops explosive strength and correct
landing
ability. (Furthering the running mechanics into Level II, we begin to
coordinate firing from one
side to the other)
[00152] Firing Two and Two - Firing the right leg for two reps, a bounce on
each foot occurs
followed by firing twice on the left, and is repeated in this pattern for
several yards. The athlete
learns to react through the mid foot from one side to the other in succession,
requiring bilateral
reactions and performance toward running. Arm action must match up with foot
action from
side to side, and the body must be able to keep up on the bounce segment of
the drill, requiring
the feet to get on the ground quickly, and push quickly to set up the
successive fire.
[00153] Firing One and One - Firing once on the right, followed by a bounce on
each side,
and another fire on the left, the athlete must respond form one side to other
even more quickly,
creating a bilateral motion similar to the run. Arms are quicker, foot strikes
are sooner, and
balance must be maintained to hold body position and keep feet under hips as
movement occurs
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forward. Firing position and power of foot reaction is enhanced, as the fire
occurs at its highest
point under the hip.
[00154] Firing Right Bring in Left - Getting to top speed with right leg fire,
halfway the left
leg fires in with the right to match up and become a run. This develops the
ability to maintain
body position and arm action while firing at full speed. Precursor to running.
[00155] Build Up Run - Works on getting the body into the correct position and
use of proper
mechanics, and then builds speed off of that with increased arm action to
increase the rate of
foot strike along the way.
[00156] Sprints - Develops the rate of foot strike along with arm drive and
power as the feet
create extension through the hips, and body position is maintained.
Level III Drills
[00157] For Level III drills, at this level we combine components of the first
two levels to
further the development of coordination, and the ability to move in various
directions with speed
and power.
[00158] Bounce forward, break down, bounce backward, break down, back to
forward again
- This pattern repeats multiple times within a set, working on the ability to
generate power,
control body position to stop, and the foot reaction to maintain body position
and reverse. Done
at a quick pace. Assists in getting arm drive to begin rapidly as well.
[00159] Fire forward, break down, fire backward, break down, back to forward
again -
Advances the first step speed, body control and arm action. Done with each leg
as the fire leg
separately, with speed forward as a focus. This drill adds the fire component
to the control and
coordination required in the bounce.
[00160] Run to Backpedal, back to Run - Works on first step speed, body
control to stop in
balance, and the ability to maintain position by using the feet to reverse.
This requires holding
body position during the backpedal, being able to stop in balance again, and
create immediate
speed forward again. Repeated multiple times during the rep.
[00161] 45 degree Sprints - A short sprint is run at a 45 degree angle. At the
stop point, the
outside foot must react across the mid foot at 45 degrees to begin the next
sprint to the other side
at 45 degrees. This continues forward along a designated distance, so that the
outside foot on
each turn must create a strong response to redirect the hips. All components
of foot quickness,
arm action, body position, hip strength, coordination and timing are required
here, as well.
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[00162] Firing x 2 at 45 degree angles - Firing only the outside foot twice,
followed by a
balanced stop to a rapid fire twice on the other foot. Repeats multiple times
along a prescribed
distance. Teaches very rapid response, while requiring balance, body position,
active foot
strength, hip strength and arm coordination.
[00163] Firing x 1 at 45 degree angles - The same drill but firing only once
on each side,
requiring an even quicker, more explosive response.
[00164] Firing 2 Side, Front, Back - Beginning with lateral fire, one leg
fires twice, turns to
forward, firing twice, to backward, firing twice, back to lateral - all on the
same side. Multiple
uses of the mid foot are required as the directions change, and the hips and
upper body are
carried together in the change. Performed at a quick pace. It is then
reversed, going from
lateral, to backward to forward, requiring a different foot use and hip
carriage to get around.
[00165] Firing 1 Side, Front, Back - Same drill but using a single fire, which
requires a more
rapid assimilation, response, release of the opposite side, and balance as the
turns occur.
[00166] L Drill - Various bouncing and running mechanics drills are performed
on a lined
surface where multiple stops and starts are performed at right angles.
Emphasizes the ability to
achieve the components of the drills with the addition of balanced stops and
redirection with
speed and quickness.
[00167] Low Push Zig Zag Doubles - The 45 degree low push is performed twice
at the same
angle, before switching to the opposite direction for two, then repeats. By
pushing twice, the
athlete must master an immediate weight shift and be able to create a quick
response with the
mid foot. Body position is important to have the balance required for the
weight shift to happen
at the right time.
[00168] Lateral Low Push to Forward Push - Lateral push off one side, to
forward off the
same side, back to lateral. This repeats along the distance. Requires
coordination and balance to
maintain weight over the mid foot to create the action. Performed separately
on each side.
[00169] Lateral Low Push to Forward Push, switch sides - Same drill, but now
after the
forward push, the opposite foot must plant and create a quick motion to change
the direction to a
lateral push, then repeat to forward, etc.
Level IV Drills
[00170] Level IV Drills includes sport specific drills that take the
abilities the athletes have
developed to the next level. At this point, the athlete needs proficiency in
the mechanics so that
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the skills are performed with balance, correct body positioning, stability,
quickness, power,
timing and speed. With this as a base, sport specific drills take the
athleticism to the
requirements of the respective sport. These drills are designed to replicate
particular offensive
or defensive actions that the athlete must perform.
[00171] Dodge Drill - Incorporates the low push at an angle, followed by a
rapid fire through
of the push foot. Repeats on the other side. Dodging requires a stable body
position, the ability
to push across the foot to direct the inside leg, while the push foot must be
able to fire very
rapidly to carry the body forward, past the defender.
[00172] Defensive Lateral Push - Uses the lateral low push, but adds an
offensive opponent to
react off of. The offensive player runs laterally, while the defensive player
uses a powerful
lateral push to stay with the offensive player. The offensive player reverses
direction at a
particular point, and the defensive player must react with the outside foot to
redirect the push to
match up. To cover a player, it is imperative that the defender is able to
push from side to side,
at one level. If he is up and down, too much time is spent in the air, and
speed of movement is
compromised. Feet must move quickly, in contact with the ground, and be under
the body, in
order to react quickly enough to cover an opponent.
[00173] Defensive Drop and Run - Uses the backward push and redirect across
the mid foot
to run at an angle. The offensive player runs toward the defender, who pushes
back to give
ground, making sure the weight distribution is over the outside foot, then
immediately reacts
across the mid foot to run at the same angle the offensive player has gone, in
order to stay with
him. In order to cover the opponent quickly enough to stay with him, the
defender must be in a
low, balanced position, and be able to react from the foot to direct the body.
Timing is very
important to enable the athlete to push back, and release on the other side at
the same time,
allowing him to cover ground, and still maintain body position. Then, the foot
must be able to
react across the mid foot to direct the hips into an angle to run with. The
feet must also generate
the run, supported by arm action to time the upper body with the feet.
[00174] Various illustrative implementations of the present invention have
been described.
However, one of ordinary skill in the art will see that additional
implementations are also
possible and within the scope of the present invention. As was noted above,
the same principles
can be applied to exercises, such as benching and squatting.
[00175] Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to only those
implementations
described above. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various
illustrative modules
and method steps described in connection with the above described figures and
the
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implementations disclosed herein can often be implemented as electronic
hardware, software,
firmware or combinations of the foregoing. To clearly illustrate this
interchangeability of
hardware and software, various illustrative modules and method steps have been
described
above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is
implemented as
hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design
constraints imposed on
the overall system. Skilled persons can implement the described functionality
in varying ways
for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not
be interpreted as
causing a departure from the scope of the invention. In addition, the grouping
of functions
within a module or step is for ease of description. Specific functions can be
moved from one
module or step to another without departing from the invention.
Real-Time Feedback and Adjustments
[00176] In one embodiment, the system automatically calculates the weight,
number of reps
and number of sets for each user workout based on the user's current strength
(and movement)
levels, and makes adjustments to the user workout in real time based on the
number of reps the
user is able to complete for each set. For example, if a user is achieving
fewer reps than would
be expected at a certain weight, the system will immediately adjust the next
set to be at a lower
weight than if the user was getting a higher number of reps. This adjustment
is made in real
time based on an analysis of the user's current performance in comparison with
their previous
performance, as well as a comparison of average expected weights and reps for
a similar user.
[00177] For example, a real-time feedback system 200 is illustrated in FIG.
26, and may
include a human body position analysis unit 202 which determines an angle of a
human body at
a selected position and calculates a difference between the angle of the
selected position and a
desired angle of the selected position; a workout creation unit 204 which
creates a workout
program based on the calculated difference; an evaluation unit 206 which
evaluates the user's
performance during the workout program; and a workout feedback unit 208 which
adjusts the
workout program in real time based on the evaluation of the user's
performance. A notification
unit 210 is also available to send alerts to coaches, teachers, staff members
and even parents. A
method of assessing a user's performance is illustrated in FIG. 27, and may
include the steps of:
determining an angle of a human body at a selected position (S2702) and
calculating a
difference between the angle of the selected position and a desired angle of
the selected position
(S2704); creating a workout program based on the calculated difference
(S2706); evaluating the
user's performance during the workout program (S2708); and adjusting the
workout program in
real time based on the evaluation of the user's performance (S2710).
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[00178] In one embodiment, the system calculates what the weight should be for
each set
based on the performance of the prior set. This is done to keep muscle
contraction at 95%
intensity or above. Example: let's say the weight to use on a first set comes
up at 200 lbs, and
requires 10 reps. The system will calculate the next set to be 251 lbs, and
require 5 reps. The
system will calculate the next set to be 274 and require 3 reps. If the next
time the user
completes the exercise, their first rep was calculated at 2071bs, based off
the prior workout, the
required reps will be 8. The system will calculate the next set to be 246.
This is less weight
than the second set of the prior workout (251 to 246). The system adjusts the
weight for each set
based on how the user is performing on that particular day. This is how the
system keeps the
intensity levels for that day at 95% or above. If the user gets too heavy too
fast, the user will
lose intensity of muscle contraction, and muscle contraction is a key factor
for assessing the
workout.
[00179] The system performs all of the necessary calculations ¨ estimated
maximum,
intensity levels for each set, performance ready numbers, etc. and feeds the
data to the user in
real time, along with the updated requirements and recommendations. The system
also stores
the information in the database for providing feedback to the user or coach at
a later date.
[00180] These adjustments show up in the user workout reports and, among other
things,
provide coaches and system administrators with valuable information about the
strength and
physical condition of the user. The resulting data facilitates early
identification of issues with
the user's physical condition (such as overtraining or injury).
[00181] In one embodiment, a user has the option to pair exercises that are
being completed
back to back by selecting a "pairing" button on the user interface. This also
provides the user
with two screens.
[00182] The system also advises the user when he or she is required to video a
set (or
movement session) which will be evaluated and then available to the user
through a link on the
user page. Once the workout is completed, the app provides instantaneous
feedback to the user
on a number of important strength factors such as theoretical maximum levels,
workout
intensity, performance ready percentage (as described above ¨ a calculated
percentage which
shows the strength, speed or another movement criterion of the user as
compared to the level of
an elite athlete for the same criterion or for multiple criteria) and workout
history (which
provides a graph of the user's workout history based on date criteria selected
by the user).
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[00183] As previously described, the user is provided with additional
evaluation options to
review a history of their workouts, workout evaluations and graphs of the user
data to review
their overall progress towards particular goals.
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