Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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DESCRIPTION
FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD OF FUEL CELL SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a control
method of the fuel cell system.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] As a conventional fuel cell system, JP2012-003957A discloses a fuel
cell system that controls a compressor and a pressure regulating valve so as
to
control a flow rate and a pressure of cathode gas to achieve target values.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0003] According to a study of a fuel cell system that is currently under
development, each of the flow rate and the pressure of the cathode gas to be
supplied to a fuel cell is respectively controlled to achieve the target
values,
without using the pressure regulating valve. Specifically, a supply flow rate
of
the compressor is controlled based on a target pressure of the cathode gas, so
as to control the pressure to be the target pressure. It is studied that an
excessive amount of a flow rate for the fuel cell, to which the compressor has
supplied, is flowed to a bypass passage of the fuel cell in order to control
the
pressure to be the target pressure.
[0004] It is also studied that pulsating operation causing a pressure of
anode gas to pulsate is performed in such a fuel cell system. When the
pulsating operation is performed, a differential pressure of an electrolyte
membrane between an anode electrode side and a cathode electrode side in the
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fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as the "intermembrane differential
pressure")
fluctuates in response to the pulsation of the pressure of the anode gas.
When this interrnembrane differential pressure becomes excessively high,
unexpected stress may be applied to the electrolyte membrane, as a result of
which the fuel cell may be deteriorated.
[0005] Therefore, when the target pressure of the cathode gas, set
according to a request of the fuel cell, is lower than a lower limit pressure
that
is obtained by subtracting a permissible interrnembrane differential pressure
from the pressure of the anode gas and that is for protecting the membrane, it
is desirable to control the compressor by using the lower limit pressure, for
protecting the membrane, as the target pressure.
[0006] However, the lower limit pressure for protecting the membrane is
calculated based on the pressure of the anode gas, and therefore the lower
limit pressure pulsates (increases/decreases), together with the pulsation of
the pressure of the anode gas.
[0007] When the compressor is controlled by using the lower limit pressure
that is for protecting the membrane and that is pulsating as described above,
as the target pressure of the cathode gas, the supply flow rate of the
compressor periodically increases/decreases together with the pulsation of the
target pressure, which causes such a possibility that unusual sounds, such as
a roar, are generated from the compressor.
[0008] The present invention is made in view of the above-described
problems, and its object is to suppress the generation of the unusual sounds
from the compressor, in the fuel cell system that controls the supply flow
rate
of the compressor based on the target pressure of the cathode gas.
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[00091
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided
a fuel cell system for generating power by supplying anode gas and cathode
gas that contains oxygen to a fuel cell, comprising:
a compressor for supplying the cathode gas to the fuel cell;
a pulsating operation unit configured to cause a pressure of the anode
gas to pulsate between an upper limit target pressure in pulsation and a
lower limit target pressure in pulsation set based on an operation state of
the
fuel cell system;
a first target pressure setting unit configured to set a first target
pressure of the cathode gas based on a request of the fuel cell;
a second target pressure setting unit configured to set a second target
pressure of the cathode gas for keeping a differential pressure in the fuel
cell
to be within a range of a permissible differential pressure according to the
pressure of the anode gas in the fuel cell; and
a compressor control unit configured to control the compressor based
on the first target pressure and the second target pressure,
wherein the second target pressure setting unit is configured to set the
second target pressure to a pressure obtained by subtracting the permissible
differential pressure from the upper limit target pressure in pulsation.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is
provided a fuel cell system for generating power by supplying anode gas and
cathode gas that contains oxygen to a fuel cell, comprising:
a compressor for supplying the cathode gas to the fuel cell;
a pulsating operation unit configured to cause a pressure of the anode
gas to pulsate between an upper limit target pressure in pulsation and a
lower limit target pressure in pulsation set based on an operation state of
the
fuel cell system;
a first target pressure setting unit configured to set a first target
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pressure of the cathode gas based on a request of the fuel cell;
a second target pressure setting unit configured to set a second target
pressure of the cathode gas for keeping a differential pressure in the fuel
cell
to be within a permissible differential pressure range according to the
pressure of the anode gas in the fuel cell; and
a compressor control unit configured to control the compressor based
on the first target pressure and the second target pressure,
wherein the second target pressure setting unit is configured to:
set the second target pressure to a pressure obtained by
subtracting the permissible differential pressure from the upper limit target
pressure in pulsation, if an actual pressure of the anode gas is not higher
than the upper limit target pressure in pulsation; and
set the second target pressure to a pressure obtained by
subtracting the pei __________________________________________________
inissible differential pressure from the actual pressure of
the anode gas, if an actual pressure of the anode gas is higher than the upper
limit target pressure in pulsation.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is
provided a control method of a fuel cell system for generating power by
supplying anode gas and cathode gas that contains oxygen to a fuel cell,
comprising:
a pulsating operation process causing a pressure of the anode gas to
pulsate between an upper limit target pressure in pulsation and a lower limit
target pressure in pulsation set based on an operation state of the fuel cell
system;
a first target pressure setting process setting a first target pressure of
the cathode gas based on a request of the fuel cell;
a second target pressure setting process setting a second target
pressure of the cathode gas for keeping a differential pressure in the fuel
cell
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to be within a range of a permissible differential pressure according to the
pressure of the anode gas in the fuel cell; and
a compressor controlling process controlling the compressor for
supplying the cathode gas to the fuel cell, based on the first target pressure
and the second target pressure,
wherein the second target pressure setting process sets the second
target pressure to a pressure obtained by subtracting the permissible
differential pressure from the upper limit target pressure in pulsation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system according to a
first
embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a flowchart explaining anode gas supply control according to
the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a table for calculating an upper limit target pressure in
pulsation and a lower limit target pressure in pulsation based on a target
output current;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram explaining cathode gas supply control
according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a time chart explaining operation of the anode gas supply
control and the cathode gas supply control according to the first embodiment
of the present invention;
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Fig. 6 is a block diagram explaining the cathode gas supply control
according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a time chart explaining operation of the anode gas supply control
and the cathode gas supply control according to the second embodiment of the
present invention; and
Fig. 8 is a block diagram explaining the cathode gas supply control
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained
with reference to the drawings.
[0012] (First embodiment)
A fuel cell, in which an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an
anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode),
supplies anode gas (fuel gas) containing hydrogen to the anode electrode and
cathode gas (oxidant gas) containing oxygen to the cathode electrode, so as to
generate power. Electrode reactions that take place in both of the anode
electrode and the cathode electrode are as follows.
[0013] Anode electrode: 2H2 ¨> 4H+ + 4e- ... (1)
Cathode electrode: 4H + 4e- + 02 ¨> 2H20 ... (2)
[0014] By the electrode reactions of (1) and (2), the fuel cell generates
an
electromotive force of about one volt.
[0015] When the fuel cell is used as an automobile power source, hundreds
of pieces of the fuel cells are laminated and used as a fuel cell stack, as a
large
amount of power is required. Then, a fuel cell system for supplying the anode
gas and the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack is formed, and power for
driving a
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vehicle is extracted therefrom.
[0016] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system 100 according to a
first embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] The fuel cell system 100 is provided with a fuel cell stack 1, a
cathode gas supply and discharge device 2, an anode gas supply and discharge
device 3, and a controller 4.
[0018] The fuel cell stack 1, formed by laminating the hundreds of pieces
of
the fuel cells, generates power required for driving the vehicle by receiving
the
supply of the anode gas and the cathode gas.
[0019] The cathode gas supply and discharge device 2 supplies the cathode
gas (air) to the fuel cell stack 1, and discharges cathode off-gas that is
discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the open air. The cathode gas supply
and discharge device 2 is provided with a cathode gas supply passage 21, a
cathode gas discharge passage 22, a filter 23, a cathode compressor 24, an
intercooler 25, a water recovery device (hereinafter referred to as the "WRD")
26,
an orifice 27, a bypass passage 28, a bypass valve 29, a first air flow sensor
41,
a second air flow sensor 42, a cathode pressure sensor 43, and a temperature
sensor 44.
[0020] The cathode gas supply passage 21 is a passage through which the
cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the cathode
gas
supply passage 21 is connected to the filter 23, and the other end is
connected
to a cathode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0021] The cathode gas discharge passage 22 is a passage, through which
the cathode off-gas, discharged from the fuel cell stack 1, flows. One end of
the cathode gas discharge passage 22 is connected to a cathode gas outlet hole
of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end forms an open end. The cathode
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off-gas is mixed gas of oxygen that is not used in the electrode reaction,
nitrogen that is contained in the cathode gas, water vapor that is generated
in
the electrode reaction, and the like.
[0022] The filter 23 removes foreign matters in the cathode gas that is
taken into the cathode gas supply passage 21.
[0023] The cathode compressor 24 is provided on the cathode gas supply
passage 21. The cathode compressor 24 takes air, as the cathode gas, into
the cathode gas supply passage 21 via the filter 23, and supplies it to the
fuel
cell stack 1.
[0024] The intercooler 25 is provided on the cathode gas supply passage 21
at the position downstream of the cathode compressor 24. The intercooler 25
cools the cathode gas that is delivered from the cathode compressor 24.
[0025] The WRD 26, connected to the cathode gas supply passage 21 and
the cathode gas discharge passage 22, respectively, collects moisture in the
cathode off-gas flowing through the cathode gas discharge passage 22. The
WRD 26 also uses the collected moisture to humidify the cathode gas flowing
through the cathode gas supply passage 21.
[0026] The orifice 27 is provided on the cathode gas discharge passage 22
at the position downstream of the WRD 26. The orifice 27 limits a flow rate of
the cathode off-gas flowing through the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
[0027] The bypass passage 28 is a passage provided to cause a part of the
cathode gas delivered from the cathode compressor 24 to be discharged
directly to the cathode gas discharge passage 22 without passing through the
fuel cell stack 1, when necessary. One end of the bypass passage 28 is
connected to the cathode gas supply passage 21 at the position between the
cathode compressor 24 and the intercooler 25, and the other end is connected
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to the cathode gas discharge passage 22 at the position downstream of the
orifice 27.
[0028] The bypass valve 29 is provided on the bypass passage 28. The
bypass valve 29 is controlled to open/close by the controller 4, so as to
regulate the flow rate of the cathode gas flowing through the bypass passage
28 (hereinafter referred to as the "bypass flow rate").
[0029] The first air flow sensor 41 is provided on the cathode gas supply
passage 21 at the position upstream of the cathode compressor 24. The first
air flow sensor 41 detects the flow rate of the cathode gas that is supplied
to
the cathode compressor 24 (hereinafter referred to as the "compressor supply
flow rate").
[0030] The second air flow sensor 42 is provided on the cathode gas supply
passage 21 at the position downstream of the connection between the cathode
gas supply passage 21 and the bypass passage 28. The second air flow
sensor 42 detects the flow rate of the cathode gas delivered from the cathode
compressor 24 (hereinafter referred to as the "stack supply flow rate "). The
cathode gas delivered from the cathode compressor 24 is a part of the cathode
gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. The stack supply flow rate is a flow
rate
obtained by subtracting the bypass flow rate from the compressor supply flow
rate.
[0031] The cathode pressure sensor 43 is provided on the cathode gas
supply passage 21 at the position near the WRD 26 on the side of the cathode
gas inlet. The cathode pressure sensor 43 detects a pressure of the cathode
gas near the WRD 26 on the side of the cathode gas inlet (hereinafter referred
to as the "cathode pressure").
[0032] The temperature sensor 44 is provided on the cathode gas supply
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passage 21 at the position between the intercooler 25 and the WRD 26. The
temperature sensor 44 detects the temperature of the WRD 26 on the side of
the cathode gas inlet (hereinafter referred to as the "WRD inlet
temperature").
[0033] The anode gas supply and discharge device 3 supplies the anode gas
to the fuel cell stack 1, and discharges anode off-gas that is discharged from
the fuel cell stack 1 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22. The anode gas
supply and discharge device 3 is provided with a high pressure tank 31, an
anode gas supply passage 32, an anode pressure regulating valve 33, an anode
gas discharge passage 34, a purge valve 35, and an anode pressure sensor 45.
[0034] The high pressure tank 31 keeps the anode gas (hydrogen), to be
supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, in a high pressure state, and stores the
anode
gas.
[0035] The anode gas supply passage 32 is a passage for supplying the
anode gas, discharged from the high pressure tank 31, to the fuel cell stack
1.
One end of the anode gas supply passage 32 is connected to the high pressure
tank 31, and the other end is connected to an anode gas inlet hole of the fuel
cell stack 1.
[0036] The anode pressure regulating valve 33 is provided on the anode gas
supply passage 32. The anode pressure regulating valve 33 is controlled to
open/close by the controller 4, so as to regulate the pressure of the anode
gas,
supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, to be the desired pressure.
[0037] The anode gas discharge passage 34 is a passage, through which the
anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the
anode gas discharge passage 34 is connected to an anode gas outlet hole of the
fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is connected to the cathode gas discharge
passage 22.
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[003S] The anode off-gas which has been discharged to the cathode gas
discharge passage 22 via the anode gas discharge passage 34 is mixed with the
cathode off-gas in the cathode gas discharge passage 22, and discharged to the
outside of the fuel cell system 100. As the anode off-gas contains the excess
anode gas that is not used in the electrode reaction, the anode off-gas is
mixed
with the cathode off-gas and discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system
100, so that hydrogen concentration in the discharged gas becomes the preset
concentration that is determined in advance or less.
[0039] The purge valve 35 is provided on the anode gas discharge passage
34. The purge valve 35 is controlled to open/close by the controller 4 so as
to
regulate a flow rate of the anode off-gas discharged from the anode gas
discharge passage 34 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
[0040] The anode pressure sensor 45 is provided on the anode gas supply
passage 32 at the position downstream of the anode pressure regulating valve
33, and detects the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack
1
(hereinafter referred to as the "anode pressure").
[0041] The controller 4 is formed by a microcomputer provided with a
central processing unit (CPU), read-only memory (ROM), random access
memory (RAM), and an input/output interface (I/O interface).
[0042] Signals from various sensors, such as a current sensor 46 that
detects a current (output current) extracted from the fuel cell stack 1, a
voltage
sensor 47 that detects an output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1, an
accelerator
stroke sensor 48 that detects a depressing amount of an accelerator pedal
(hereinafter referred to as an "accelerator operation amount"), and an SOC
sensor 49 that detects a battery charge amount, as well as the above-described
first air flow sensor 41 and the like, are inputted to the controller 4. On
the
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basis of the signals from the various sensors, the controller 4 detects an
operation state of the fuel cell system 100.
[0043] Then, the controller 4 controls the supply of the anode gas to the
fuel cell stack 1 in such a manner that the anode pressure pulsates, and
controls the supply of the cathode gas in such a manner that the cathode
pressure agrees with a target. Hereinafter, the anode gas supply control and
the cathode gas supply control carried out by the controller 4 will be
explained.
[0044] Fig. 2 is a flowchart explaining the anode gas supply control
according to this embodiment.
[0045] In a step Si, the controller 4 calculates a target output current of
the fuel cell stack 1, based on the operation state of the fuel cell system
100.
Specifically, it calculates target output power of the fuel cell stack 1 based
on
request power of auxiliary machines, such as a drive motor (not illustrated)
that generates a driving force of the vehicle, and the cathode compressor 24,
and a charge and discharge request of the battery and, based on the target
output power, calculates the target output current from IV characteristics of
the fuel cell stack 1.
[0046] In a step S2, the controller 4 refers to a table of Fig. 3, and
calculates
an upper limit target pressure in pulsation and a lower limit target pressure
in
pulsation, based on the target output current. As illustrated in the table of
Fig. 3, the upper limit target pressure in pulsation and the lower limit
target
pressure in pulsation become higher as the target output current is larger, as
compared with the case when the target output current is smaller. Similarly,
pulsating width also becomes greater when the target output current is larger,
as compared with the case when the target output current is smaller.
[0047] In a step S3, the controller 4 decides whether or not the anode
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pressure is higher than the upper limit target pressure in pulsation. When
the anode pressure is the upper limit target pressure in pulsation or higher,
the controller 4 executes processing of a step S4 so as to lower the anode
pressure. Meanwhile, when the anode pressure is lower than the upper limit
target pressure in pulsation, the controller 4 executes processing of a step
S5.
[0048] In the step S4, the controller 4 sets a target anode pressure to be
the
lower limit target pressure in pulsation. Thereby, an opening degree of the
anode pressure regulating valve 33 is subjected to feedback control so that
the
anode pressure becomes the lower limit target pressure in pulsation. As a
result of this feedback control, the anode pressure regulating valve 33 is
fully
closed in most cases, and the supply of the anode gas from the high pressure
tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 1 is stopped. Consequently, the anode pressure
is reduced as the anode gas in the fuel cell stack 1 is consumed by power
generation.
[0049] In the step S5, the controller 4 decides whether or not the anode
pressure is the lower limit target pressure in pulsation or lower. When the
anode pressure is the lower limit target pressure in pulsation or lower, the
controller 4 executes processing of a step S6 so as to raise the anode
pressure.
Meanwhile, when the anode pressure is higher than the lower limit target
pressure in pulsation, processing of a step S7 is executed.
[0050] In the step S6, the controller 4 sets the target anode pressure to
be
the upper limit target pressure in pulsation. Thereby, the opening degree of
the anode pressure regulating valve 33 is subjected to the feedback control so
that the anode pressure becomes the upper limit target pressure in pulsation.
As a result of this feedback control, the anode pressure regulating valve 33
is
opened to the desired opening degree, and the anode pressure increases as the
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anode gas is supplied from the high pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 1.
[0051] In the step S7, the controller 4 sets the target anode pressure to
be
the target anode pressure that is the same as the one for the last time.
[0052] When such pulsating operation is made, an intermembrane
differential pressure of the electrolyte membrane between the anode electrode
side and the cathode electrode of each fuel cell fluctuates as the anode
pressure pulsates. When this intermembrane differential pressure becomes
excessively high, unexpected stress may be applied to the electrolyte
membrane and mechanical strength of the electrolyte membrane may be
decreased, as a result of which the fuel cell may be deteriorated.
[0053] One of possible methods of suppressing the deterioration of the fuel
cell like this is that, when a target cathode pressure, set based on the
operation state of the fuel cell system 100, becomes lower than a lower limit
pressure that is obtained by subtracting a predetermined permissible
intermembrane differential pressure from the anode pressure and that is for
protecting the membrane, the lower limit pressure is set as the target cathode
pressure.
[0054] However, according to this method, the lower limit pressure for
protecting the membrane is calculated based on the pulsating anode pressure,
and therefore the lower limit pressure also pulsates.
[0055] Thus, when the lower limit pressure is set to be the target cathode
pressure, the target cathode pressure pulsates. As a result of this, rotation
speed of the cathode compressor 24, controlled according to the target cathode
pressure, periodically increases/decreases together with the pulsation of the
target cathode pressure, which causes such a possibility that unusual sounds,
such as a roar, are generated from the cathode compressor 24.
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[0056] For this reason, when the target cathode pressure pulsates together
with the pulsation of the anode pressure like this, a pressure limiting the
pulsation of the target cathode pressure is set as a limit target cathode
pressure, and the cathode compressor 24 is controlled according to this limit
target cathode pressure, according to this embodiment. Specifically, an
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure, obtained
by subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential pressure from the
upper limit target pressure in pulsation, is set as the limit target cathode
pressure.
[0057] When the target output current does not fluctuate, the upper limit
target pressure in pulsation is fixed at a predetermined value corresponding
to
the target output current, and thus the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure, obtained by subtracting the permissible
intermembrane differential pressure from the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation, is also fixed to a certain predetermined value. Therefore, when the
target cathode pressure pulsates together with the pulsation of the anode
pressure, the cathode compressor 24 is controlled according to the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure that is
kept at the predetermined value, so as to suppress the pulsation of the
rotation
speed of the cathode compressor 24. Hereinafter, the cathode gas supply
control according to this embodiment will be explained.
[0058] Fig. 4 is a block diagram explaining the cathode gas supply control
according to this embodiment.
[0059] The target output current is inputted to an oxygen partial pressure
securing request stack supply flow rate calculation unit 101. The oxygen
partial pressure securing request stack supply flow rate calculation unit 101
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calculates an oxygen partial pressure securing request stack supply flow rate,
based on the target output current. This oxygen partial pressure securing
request stack supply flow rate is a target value of the stack supply flow rate
that is required for securing an oxygen partial pressure required for the
electrode reaction in the cathode electrode in each fuel cell, when the target
output current is extracted from the fuel cell stack 1. The oxygen partial
pressure securing request stack supply flow rate becomes higher when the
target output current is larger, as compared with the case when the target
output current is smaller.
[0060] An impedance of the fuel cell stack 1 that is calculated by an AC
impedance method, for example, and a target impedance that is determined in
advance according to the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1 are
inputted to a humidity controlling request stack supply flow rate calculation
unit 102. Based on a deviation between the impedance and the target
impedance, the humidity controlling request stack supply flow rate calculation
unit 102 calculates, as a humidity controlling request stack supply flow rate,
a
target value of the stack supply flow rate causing the impedance to be the
target impedance. This humidity controlling request stack supply flow rate
may be reworded as a stack supply flow rate that is required for controlling
the
humidity (water content) of the electrolyte membrane to be the optimum
humidity according to the target output current of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0061] The oxygen partial pressure securing request stack supply flow rate
and the humidity controlling request stack supply flow rate are inputted to a
target stack supply flow rate calculation unit 103. The target stack supply
flow rate calculation unit 103 calculates the higher rate, out of the
above-described two rates, as a target stack supply flow rate.
I
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[0062] The stack supply flow rate and the target stack supply flow rate are
inputted to a target bypass valve opening degree calculation unit 104. On the
basis of a deviation between the stack supply flow rate and the target stack
supply flow rate, the target bypass valve opening degree calculation unit 104
calculates an opening degree of the bypass valve 29, causing the stack supply
flow rate to be the target stack supply flow rate, as a target bypass valve
opening degree.
[0063] The target bypass valve opening degree is inputted to a bypass valve
control unit 105. The bypass valve control unit 105 controls the opening
degree of the bypass valve 29 to be the target bypass valve opening degree.
Incidentally, an actual opening degree of the bypass valve 29 may be inputted
to the bypass valve control unit 105 and, based on the actual opening degree
and the target bypass valve opening degree, the opening degree of the bypass
valve 29 may be controlled.
[0064] The target output current is inputted to an oxygen partial pressure
securing request target pressure calculation unit 106. The oxygen partial
pressure securing request target pressure calculation unit 106 calculates an
oxygen partial pressure securing request target pressure, based on the target
output current. This oxygen partial pressure securing request target
pressure is a target value of the cathode pressure that is required for
securing
the oxygen partial pressure required for the electrode reaction in the cathode
electrode in each fuel cell, when the target output current is extracted from
the
fuel cell stack 1. The oxygen partial pressure securing request target
pressure becomes higher when the target output current is larger, as
compared with the case when the target output current is smaller.
[0065] The impedance of the fuel cell stack 1 and the target impedance are
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inputted to a humidity controlling request target pressure calculation unit
107.
On the basis of the deviation between the impedance and the target impedance,
the humidity controlling request target pressure calculation unit 107
calculates, as a humidity controlling request target pressure, a target value
of
the cathode pressure causing the impedance to be the target impedance. This
humidity controlling request target pressure is a cathode pressure that is
required for controlling the humidity (water content) of the electrolyte
membrane to be the optimum humidity according to the target output current
of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0066] The anode pressure and the permissible intermembrane differential
pressure are inputted to a lower limit pressure calculation unit 108. The
lower limit pressure calculation unit 108 calculates, as the lower limit
pressure of the cathode gas (membrane protecting request target pressure), a
value obtained by subtracting a permissible intermembrane differential
pressure from the anode pressure. The lower limit pressure is a lower limit
value of the cathode pressure that needs to be maintained in order to protect
the electrolyte membrane and, when the anode pressure pulsates, the lower
limit pressure also pulsates together with the pulsation of the anode
pressure.
Incidentally, the permissible intermembrane differential pressure is a
predetermined value that is set as appropriate by regarding a permissible
maximum value of the intermembrane differential pressure (hereinafter
referred to as the "maximum permissible intermembrane differential
pressure") as an upper limit.
[0067] The upper limit target pressure in pulsation and the permissible
intermembrane differential pressure are inputted to an intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure calculation unit 109.
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The intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure
calculation unit 109 calculates, as an intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure, a value obtained by subtracting the
permissible intermembrane differential pressure from the upper limit target
pressure in pulsation.
[0068] The oxygen partial pressure securing request target pressure, the
humidity controlling request target pressure, and the lower limit pressure
(membrane protecting request target pressure) are inputted to a target cathode
pressure calculation unit 110. The target cathode pressure calculation unit
110 calculates, as the target cathode pressure, the highest value, out of the
three inputted values. Thus, the target cathode pressure calculation unit 110
according to this embodiment sets the optimum one based on the requests of
the fuel cell stack 1, such as the oxygen partial pressure securing request,
the
humidity controlling request, and the membrane protecting request.
[0069] The target cathode pressure and the intermembrane differential
pressure limiting request target pressure are inputted to a limit target
cathode
pressure calculation unit 111. The limit target cathode pressure unit 111
calculates, as a limit target cathode pressure, the higher value, out of the
two
inputted value.
[0070] The cathode pressure and the limit target cathode pressure are
inputted to a stack request compressor supply flow rate calculation unit 112.
On the basis of a deviation between the cathode pressure and the limit target
cathode pressure, the stack request compressor supply flow rate calculation
unit 112 calculates, as a stack request compressor supply flow rate, a target
value of the compressor supply flow rate causing the cathode pressure to be
the limit target cathode pressure. The stack request compressor supply flow
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rate may be reworded as a compressor supply flow rate that is required for
satisfying the requests of the fuel cell stack 1, such as the oxygen partial
pressure securing request and the humidity controlling request.
[0071] The stack request compressor supply flow rate and a dilution
request compressor supply flow rate that is determined according to the target
output current of the fuel cell stack 1 are inputted to a target compressor
supply flow rate calculation unit 113. The target compressor supply flow rate
unit 113 calculates, as a target compressor supply flow rate, the higher
value,
out of the two inputted value. Incidentally, the dilution request compressor
supply flow rate is a compressor supply flow rate that is required for causing
the hydrogen concentration in the discharge gas, discharged to the outside of
the fuel cell system 100, to be the predetermined concentration or less.
According to this embodiment, the dilution request compressor supply flow
rate is made higher when the target output current is larger, as compared with
the case when the target output current is smaller, but it may be a fixed
value
irrespective of the target output current.
[0072] The compressor supply flow rate and the target compressor supply
flow rate are inputted to a cathode compressor control unit 114. On the basis
of a deviation between the compressor supply flow rate and the target
compressor supply flow rate, the cathode compressor control unit 114
calculates a torque command value to the cathode compressor 24, and
controls the cathode compressor 24 based on the torque command value.
[0073] Thus, according to this embodiment, the target compressor supply
flow rate (stack request compressor supply flow rate) is calculated based on
the limit target cathode pressure, and the cathode compressor 24 is controlled
in such a manner that the compressor supply flow rate becomes the target
1
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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compressor supply flow rate, as a result of which the cathode pressure is
controlled to be the limit target cathode pressure. Therefore, according to
this
embodiment, the cathode compressor 24 is finally controlled based on the
target cathode pressure and the intermembrane differential pressure limiting
request target pressure.
[0074] When the stack supply flow rate becomes higher than the target
stack supply flow rate, as a result of controlling the cathode compressor 24
in
such a manner that the compressor supply flow rate becomes the target
compressor supply flow rate, the bypass valve 29 is controlled in such a
manner that the stack supply flow rate becomes the target stack supply flow
rate. Namely, when the flow rate of the cathode gas, supplied by the
compressor 24 to the fuel cell stack 1, is higher than the required flow rate,
the
cathode gas, by the amount not required for the fuel cell stack 1, is flowed
to
the bypass passage 28 by opening the bypass valve 29.
[0075] Fig. 5 is a time chart explaining operation of the anode gas supply
control and the cathode gas supply control according to this embodiment.
[0076] First, the operation of the anode gas supply control will be
explained.
[0077] With this time chart, the pulsating operation that causes the anode
pressure to pulsate between the upper limit target pressure in pulsation and
the lower limit target pressure in pulsation, calculated based on the target
output current, is already made at time ti (Fig. 5(A)). As the target output
current is constant during a period from the time ti to time t5 (Fig. 5(B)),
the
pulsating operation that is made at the time ti and that causes the anode
pressure to pulsate between the upper limit target pressure in pulsation and
the lower limit target pressure in pulsation is continued (Fig. 5(A)).
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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[0078] When the target output current decreases at the time t5 by, for
example, the reduction of the accelerator operation amount (Fig. 5(B)), the
upper limit target pressure in pulsation and the lower limit target pressure
in
pulsation also decrease in response to the decrease of the target output
current (Fig. 5(A)).
[0079] In order to control the anode pressure to be the reduced lower limit
target pressure in pulsation, the opening degree of the anode pressure
regulating valve 33 is fully closed, and the supply of the anode gas from the
high pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 1 is stopped. As a result of
this,
the anode gas in the fuel cell stack 1 is consumed gradually by the power
generation, and the anode pressure decreases (Fig. 5(A)). Thus, reduction
speed of the anode pressure, during a falling transient period when the target
output current decreases, depends on consumption speed of the anode gas by
the power consumption, and therefore, the anode pressure may be higher than
the upper limit target pressure in pulsation temporarily during the falling
transient period (Fig. 5(A)).
[0080] Next, the operation of the cathode gas supply control will be
explained. Incidentally, with this time chart, it is supposed that the
humidity
controlling request target pressure is higher than the oxygen partial pressure
securing request pressure, and that the stack request compressor supply flow
rate is higher than the dilution request compressor supply flow rate.
[0081] As the humidity controlling request target pressure is higher than
the lower limit pressure at the time ti (Fig. 5(C)), the humidity controlling
request target pressure is set as the target cathode pressure (Fig. 5(D)).
When
this humidity controlling request target pressure as the target cathode
pressure is compared with the intermembrane differential pressure limiting
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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request target pressure, the humidity controlling request target pressure is
higher, and therefore, the humidity controlling request target pressure is set
as the limit target cathode pressure (Fig. 5(E)).
[0082] Then, the stack request compressor supply flow rate is calculated
according to the limit target cathode pressure. With this time chart, it is
supposed that the stack request compressor supply flow rate is higher than
the dilution request compressor supply flow rate. Therefore, the stack
request compressor supply flow rate, calculated according to the limit target
cathode pressure, is set as the target compressor supply flow rate and, based
on the target compressor supply flow rate, the cathode compressor 24 is
controlled.
[0083] As a result of this, the humidity controlling request target
pressure
that is kept at the constant value is set as the limit target cathode pressure
during a period from the time ti to time t2, and thus the rotation speed of
the
cathode compressor 24 also becomes constant (Fig. 5(F)).
[0084] When the humidity of the electrolyte membrane changes due to an
influence of generated water by the power generation, for example, and the
humidity controlling request target pressure decreases at the time t2 (Fig.
5(C)),
the target cathode pressure and the limit target cathode pressure also
decrease simultaneously (Fig. 5(D), (E)).
[0085] When the target cathode pressure (humidity controlling request
target pressure) decreases to be lower than the intermembrane differential
pressure limiting request target pressure at time t3 (Fig. 5(D)), the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure is set as
the limit target cathode pressure (Fig. 5(E)).
[0086] When the lower limit pressure becomes higher than the humidity
I
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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controlling request target pressure at time t4, the lower limit pressure is
set as
the target cathode pressure, and the target cathode pressure pulsates together
with the pulsation of the anode pressure (Fig. 5(C), (D)). When the cathode
compressor 24 is controlled according to the target cathode pressure that is
pulsating like this, the rotation speed of the cathode compressor 24
periodically increases! decreases in response to the pulsation of the target
cathode pressure, thus causing such a possibility that the unusual sounds,
such as the roar, are generated from the cathode compressor 24.
[0087] Therefore, according to this embodiment, the higher pressure, out of
the target cathode pressure and the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure, is set as the limit target cathode pressure,
and the cathode compressor 24 is controlled according to this limit target
cathode pressure.
[0088] For this reason, at and after the time t3, the cathode compressor 24
is controlled according to the limit target cathode pressure (intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure) that is kept at the
constant value, even when the target cathode pressure pulsates at and after
time t4. Therefore, the rotation speed of the cathode compressor 24 is kept
constantly at and after the time t3 and the rotation speed of the cathode
compressor 24 does not increase/decrease periodically, which makes it
possible to suppress the generation of the unusual sounds, such as the roar,
from the cathode compressor 24 (Fig. 5(F)).
[0089] When the anode pressure becomes higher than the upper limit
target pressure in pulsation as the target output current of the fuel cell
stack 1
decreases at the time t5 (Fig. 5(A)), the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure becomes lower than the lower limit pressure
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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that is set as the target cathode pressure (Fig. 5(C), (D)). As a result of
this,
the lower limit pressure is set as the limit target cathode pressure (Fig.
5(E)).
[0090] Thus, during the falling transient period when the target output
current decreases, the anode pressure may temporarily become higher than
the upper limit target pressure in pulsation, and the intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure may become lower than
the lower limit pressure. In this case, when the cathode compressor 24 is
controlled by using the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request
target pressure, lower than the lower limit pressure, as the limit target
cathode
pressure, there is a possibility that the intermembrane differential pressure
exceeds the permissible intermembrane differential pressure.
[0091] Therefore, according to this embodiment, the higher pressure, out of
the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure and
the target cathode pressure, is set as the limit target cathode pressure, in
consideration of the case where the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure becomes lower than the lower limit pressure
during the falling transient period.
[0092] Thereby, the lower limit pressure is set as the limit target cathode
pressure when the lower limit pressure becomes higher than the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure, which
makes it possible to prevent the intermembrane differential pressure from
exceeding the permissible intermembrane differential pressure.
[0093] When the anode pressure decreases to the upper limit target
pressure in pulsation at time t6 (Fig. 5(A)), the intermembrane differential
pressure limiting request target pressure is set as the limit target cathode
pressure again. Thereby, at and after the time t6, the cathode compressor 24
1
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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is controlled according to the limit target cathode pressure (intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure) that is kept at the
constant value, which makes it possible to suppress the generation of the
unusual sounds, such as the roar, from the cathode compressor 24 (Fig. 5(F)).
10094] According to the embodiment as described thus far, the fuel cell
system 100 is provided with the cathode compressor 24 for supplying the
cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1, a pulsating operation unit, a first
target
pressure setting unit, a second target pressure setting unit, and the
controller
4 as a compressor control unit. The pulsating operation unit causes the
pressure of the anode gas to pulsate based on the operation state of the fuel
cell system 100. The first target pressure setting unit sets a first target
pressure of the cathode gas (target cathode pressure) based on the requests of
the fuel cell stack 1, such as the oxygen partial pressure securing request,
the
humidity controlling request, and the membrane protecting request. The
second target pressure setting unit sets a second target pressure of the
cathode gas (intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target
pressure) for keeping the differential pressure inside the fuel cell stack 1
to be
within a permissible differential pressure range according to the pressure of
the anode gas in the fuel cell stack 1, based on the upper limit target
pressure
in pulsation that causes the pressure of the anode gas to pulsate. The
compressor control unit controls the cathode compressor 24 based on the first
target pressure and the second target pressure.
[0095] As the upper limit target pressure in pulsation is fixed at the
predetermined value according to the target output current, when the target
output current does not fluctuate, the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure, obtained by subtracting the permissible
1
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
- 25 -
intermembrane differential pressure from the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation, is also fixed at the certain predetermined value.
[0096] Therefore, even when the target cathode pressure pulsates together
with the pulsation of the anode pressure, it is possible to prevent the
rotation
speed of the cathode compressor 24 from increasing/decreasing periodically,
together with the pulsation of the target cathode pressure, by controlling the
cathode compressor 24 according to the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure. This makes it possible to suppress the
generation of the unusual sounds, such as the roar, from the cathode
compressor 24.
[0097] Except for the falling transient period when the target output
current decreases, the anode pressure is controlled to be equal to or lower
than
the upper limit target pressure in pulsation. Therefore, when the lower limit
of the cathode pressure is limited based on the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation, as in this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the intermembrane
differential pressure from exceeding the permissible intermembrane
differential pressure, during the pulsating operation. This makes it possible
to suppress the reduction in the mechanical strength of the electrolyte
membrane, and to suppress the deterioration of the fuel cell.
[0098] Further, according to this embodiment, the higher pressure, out of
the target cathode pressure (first target pressure) and the intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure (second target
pressure),
is set as the limit target cathode pressure, in consideration of the case
where
the lower limit pressure becomes temporarily higher than the intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure during the falling
transient period, so as to control the cathode compressor 24.
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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[0099] Thereby, the lower limit pressure is set as the limit target cathode
pressure when the target output current decreases in the case where the lower
limit pressure is set as the target cathode pressure, which makes it possible
to
prevent the intermembrane differential pressure from exceeding the
permissible intermembrane differential pressure.
[0100] (Second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the details of the
cathode gas supply control. This difference will be mainly explained in the
following explanation. Incidentally, the same reference numerals and
symbols are used in the following embodiment to designate the parts
functioning similarly to those in the above-described first embodiment, and
repeated explanations are omitted as appropriate.
[0101] Fig. 6 is a block diagram explaining the cathode gas supply control
according to this embodiment.
[0102] This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a
selection unit 117 for selecting the higher pressure, out of the upper limit
target pressure in pulsation and the anode pressure, is provided, and a
pressure obtained by subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential
pressure from the pressure outputted from the selection unit 117 is inputted,
as the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure,
to
the target cathode pressure calculation unit 110.
[0103] Fig. 7 is a time chart explaining operation of the anode gas supply
control and the cathode gas supply control according to this embodiment.
[0104] As a control block is structured as above according to this
embodiment, the highest pressure, out of the oxygen partial pressure securing
'
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
- 27 -
request pressure, the humidity controlling request target pressure, and the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure, is
calculated as the target cathode pressure, and the cathode compressor 24 is
controlled according to this target cathode pressure.
[0105] Therefore, as illustrated in Fig. 7, the intermembrane differential
pressure limiting request target pressure, obtained by subtracting the
permissible intermembrane differential pressure from the upper limit target
pressure in pulsation, is set as the target cathode pressure, from time t3 to
time t5 when the target output current decreases (Fig. 7(C), (D)). As the
cathode compressor 24 is controlled according to the target cathode pressure
that is kept at the constant value, it is possible to suppress the generation
of
the unusual sounds, such as the roar, from the cathode compressor 24 (Fig.
7(F)).
[0106] During the falling transient period from the time t5 to time t6, the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure, obtained
by subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential pressure from the
anode pressure, is set as the target cathode pressure (Fig. 7(C), (D)). This
makes it possible to prevent the intermembrane differential pressure from
exceeding the permissible intermembrane differential pressure during the
falling transient period.
[0107] At and after the time t6, the intermembrane differential pressure
limiting request target pressure, obtained by subtracting the permissible
intermembrane differential pressure from the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation, is set as the target cathode pressure again. As the cathode
compressor 24 is controlled according to the target cathode pressure that is
kept at the constant value again, it is possible to suppress the generation of
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
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the unusual sounds, such as the roar, from the cathode compressor 24 (Fig.
7(F)).
[0108] According to the embodiment as described thus far, the fuel cell
system 100 is provided with the cathode compressor 24 for supplying the
cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1, the pulsating operation unit, the first
target
pressure setting unit, the second target pressure setting unit, and the
controller 4 as the compressor control unit. The pulsating operation unit
causes the pressure of the anode gas to pulsate based on the operation state
of
the fuel cell system 100. The first target pressure setting unit sets the
first
target pressure of the cathode gas (target cathode pressure) based on the
requests of the fuel cell stack 1, such as the oxygen partial pressure
securing
request and the humidity controlling request. The second target pressure
setting unit sets the second target pressure of the cathode gas (intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure) for keeping the
differential pressure inside the fuel cell stack 1 to be within the
permissible
differential pressure range according to the pressure of the anode gas in the
fuel cell stack 1, based on the upper limit target pressure in pulsation that
causes the pressure of the anode gas to pulsate. The compressor control unit
controls the cathode compressor 24 based on the first target pressure and the
second target pressure.
[0109] The second target pressure setting unit according to this
embodiment sets the pressure, obtained by subtracting the permissible
intermembrane differential pressure from the higher pressure out of the upper
limit target pressure in pulsation and the anode pressure, as the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure, so that
the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure does
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
- 29 -
not pulsate together with the pulsation of the pressure of the anode gas.
[0110] Thereby, except for the falling transient period, the pressure
obtained by subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential pressure
from the upper limit target pressure in pulsation serves as the intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure, and therefore, when
the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure is set as
the target cathode pressure, the cathode compressor 24 can be controlled
according to the target cathode pressure that is kept at the constant value.
This makes it possible to obtain the similar effects as those of the first
embodiment, and to suppress the generation of the unusual sounds, such as
the roar, from the cathode compressor 24.
[0111] The embodiments of the present invention have been explained thus
far. However, the above-described embodiments are only a part of application
examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical
scope of the present invention to the concrete structures of the
above-described embodiments.
[0112] According to the second embodiment, for example, the pressure,
obtained by subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential pressure
from the higher pressure out of the upper limit target pressure in pulsation
and the anode pressure, is inputted to the target cathode pressure calculation
unit 110 as the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target
pressure. Meanwhile, in the case where the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation and the lower limit target pressure in pulsation are not changed
according to the target output current and are allowed to have the
predetermined fixed values, and the anode pressure is caused to pulsate, a
control block of the cathode gas supply control, as illustrated in Fig. 8, may
be
CA 02917986 2016-01-11
- 30 -
formed.
[0113] Namely, in the case where the upper limit target pressure in
pulsation and the lower limit target pressure in pulsation are allowed to have
the predetermined fixed values, the upper limit target pressure in pulsation
and the lower limit target pressure in pulsation do not change even when the
target output current decreases, and therefore the upper limit target pressure
in pulsation does not become lower than the anode pressure. Thus, as
illustrated in Fig. 8, the intermembrane differential pressure limiting
request
target pressure calculation unit 109 may calculate the pressure, obtained by
subtracting the permissible intermembrane differential pressure from the
upper limit target pressure in pulsation, as the intermembrane differential
pressure limiting request target pressure, and may input it to the target
cathode pressure calculation unit 110.
[0 114] Further, in the above-described embodiments, the upper limit target
pressure in pulsation that is used in calculating the intermembrane
differential pressure limiting request target pressure may include a value
slightly lower than the upper limit target pressure in pulsation. This is also
included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[0115] Furthermore, according to the above-described first embodiment,
the limit target cathode pressure calculation unit 111 calculates, as the
limit
target cathode pressure, the higher pressure, out of the target cathode
pressure and the intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target
pressure. However, the target cathode pressure may be corrected by the
intermembrane differential pressure limiting request target pressure.
Similarly, according to the second embodiment, the oxygen partial pressure
securing request pressure and the humidity controlling request target
CA 02917986 2016-09-14
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pressure may be corrected by the intermembrane differential pressure limiting
request target pressure. Namely, the case where the first target pressure is
corrected by the second target pressure is also included in the technical
scope
of the present invention.
