Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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4 1
Collection tube for a heat exchanger apparatus, a heat exchanger
apparatus and a method of emptying a heat exchanger apparatus
The invention relates to a collection tube for a heat exchanger apparatus
in accordance with the preamble of the independent claim 1, to a heat
exchanger apparatus in accordance with the preamble of the independent
claim 11 and to a method of emptying a heat exchanger apparatus in ac-
cordance with the preamble of the independent claim 14.
Heat exchanger apparatuses are found in a plurality of technical applica-
tions, for example, in cooling systems and cooling apparatuses for cooling
rooms or for household fridges, in heating and air conditioning systems
for houses, or for means of transport, such as, for example, cars, busses,
ships and airplanes, or as coolers in power plants, combustion motors,
computers or other installations producing heat. When used in practice,
the heat exchanger apparatus are frequently connected to a circuit which
includes a fluid, this means a heat transfer medium, for example a cool-
ant, wherein the heat exchanger apparatuses can directly take up heat
from the fluid or gas-like fluid or output this to the same, this means they
can take up heat from the fluid or gas-like fluid or output this to the same
without a phase transition or can also be effective as a condenser or as an
evaporator for the fluid.
A commonly used design is the finned heat exchanger apparatus. In the
most simple case a finned heat exchanger apparatus is composed of a
tube for conducting through a fluid and of a plurality of fins which are
connected to the tube and which are in contact with a second medium
during operation. This manner of construction is particularly useful when
the second medium is gaseous and is, for example composed of environ-
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mental air, since this has a comparatively low heat transfer coefficient
which can be compensated by a correspondingly large surface of the fins.
Naturally, the finned heat exchanger apparatus can also include a plurali-
ty of tubes for more than one fluid or the tubes can be connected in paral-
lel to one another and/or in series to one another in dependence on the
requirement.
The degree of efficiency is decisively determined by the temperature differ-
ence between the fins, on the one hand, and the tube or the tubes, on the
other hand. The temperature difference is all the more smaller the larger
the conductivity and the thickness of the fins is and the smaller the mu-
tual spacing of the tubes is, this means the heat transfer is all the more
effective the smaller the temperature difference is. With respect to the
degree of efficiency it is thus advantageous when many tubes are used.
However, many tubes also means higher costs of material and processing
so that a higher degree of efficiency is normally associated with higher
costs.
The well-known finned heat exchanger apparatus, like all types of heat
exchanger apparatus, serves for the transfer of heat between two media,
e.g. for the transfer from a fluid to air or vice versa, such as it is, for ex-
ample, known for a classical household fridge in which heat is output to
the environmental air for the generation of a cooling performance in the
interior of the fridge via the heat exchanger apparatus. The second medi-
um outside of the heat exchanger apparatus, this means e.g. water, oil or
frequently simply the environmental air which, for example, takes up the
heat or from which the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger appa-
ratus is in this connection either correspondingly cooled or heated. In
each case the second medium, this means e.g. the air, has a significantly
lower heat transfer coefficient than the fluid, this means the heat transfer
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medium, e.g. the coolant, which circulates in the heat exchanger appa-
ratus. This is compensated by severely different heat transfer surfaces for
the two media: The medium having the high heat transfer coefficient flows
in the tube which has a strongly increased surface at the outer side by
means of thin sheet metal parts (ribs, fins) at which the heat transfer e.g.
with the air takes place.
The manufacture of these so-called finned heat exchanger apparatuses
takes place in accordance with a standardized process known for a long
time: The fins are stamped by means of a press and a special tool and are
placed in packages with respect to one another. Subsequently, the tubes
are inserted and are either mechanically or hydraulically widened such
that a very good contact and thus a good heat transfer arises between the
tube and the fins. The individual tubes are then connected to one another
by means of arcs and collector tubes as well as distributor tubes, fre-
quently by means of welding.
The degree of efficiency is in this connection essentially determined by the
fact that the heat which is transferred between the surface of the fins and
the air must be transferred via heat conduction through the fins to the
tube. For an as high as possible degree of efficiency the tube spacing
should be as small as possible which, however, leads to the problem that
one requires many tubes. However, many tubes also means higher costs,
since the tubes (generally made of copper) are considerably more expen-
sive than the thin fins.
Moreover, a plurality of tubes, in particular having many windings and
many arcs in many applications, for example as coolers in power plants,
can have the effect that the heat exchanger apparatus cannot be com-
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pletely emptied during the idle time which is, however, an essential re-
quirement for an application in these fields.
For this reason it is an object of the present invention to suggest a collec-
tion tube, in particular for a heat exchanger apparatus which has a func-
tional division and/or can be manufactured in a more simple manner
and/or a more cost-effective manner and is optimized for the respective
application.
This object is satisfied by a collection tube for a heat exchanger apparatus
having the features of the claim 1, by a heat exchanger apparatus having
the features of the claim 11 and by a method of emptying a heat exchang-
er apparatus having the features of the claim 14.
In accordance with the invention a collection tube for a heat exchanger
apparatus is suggested, wherein the collection tube comprises an outflow
opening, an inflow opening and a plurality of deflection openings and
wherein a collection tube axis is configured in an axial longitudinal direc-
tion of the collection tube. The collection tube comprises a separation
element, wherein the separation element is configured and arranged in the
collection tube in such a way that the separation element divides the col-
lection tube into an outflow region in which the outflow opening is ar-
ranged, into an inflow region in which the inflow opening is arranged and
into a first deflection region in which the deflection openings are arranged.
In this connection, the separation element is arranged with respect to the
collection tube axis such that the separation element encloses an angle a
with respect to the collection tube axis.
The collection tube can, for example be a tubular hollow body, preferably,
but not necessarily having a circular, elliptical or polygonal base surface.
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
Also the collection tube can be configured as a substantially hollow cylin-
drical tube which is open at a first and at a second axial end. The collec-
tion tube axis can be configured in an axial longitudinal direction of the
collection tube, preferably by the geometric center of the two base surfaces
5 of the collection tube.
The collection tube comprises the outflow opening, the inflow opening and
a plurality of deflection openings. The outflow opening or the inflow open-
ing or the deflection opening can, for example, be a bore or an aperture in
a jacket surface of the collection tube which can be uniform, this means
cylindrical, elliptical or polygonal. An inner cross-section of the inner
bounding surface of the outflow opening or of the inflow opening or of the
deflection opening can be uniform, for example rectangular or non-
uniform, this means it can, for example, be of convex or of concave design.
A plurality of tubes which can be arranged at the outflow opening or at the
inflow opening or at the deflection opening can, for example, be radially
centrally arranged with respect to the collection tube axis, but preferably
precisely do not stand perpendicular to the outer jacket surface, this
means are not radially, centrally arranged with respect to the collection
tube axis. Different outflow openings, or inflow openings or deflection
openings can have a like inlet cross-section and/or diameter or a like out-
let cross-section and/or diameter; however, preferably these have a differ-
ent like inlet cross-section and/or diameter or outlet cross-section and/or
diameter. Advantageously, a fluid can thus flow out of the tubes in a bet-
ter manner in this way.
The outflow opening or the inflow opening or the deflection opening can be
arranged such that openings of the same category are arranged in a first
plane, for example having the same spacing between the openings. The
first plane can in this connection include an angle f of 0 to 50 degrees with
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respect to the collection tube axis, preferably an angle f of 0 to 30 degrees,
particularly preferably of 0 degrees, this means it can be arranged in par-
allel to the collection tube axis. Openings of different category can be ar-
ranged next to one another, preferably having the same spacing between
the openings, at a second plane. The second plane can include an angle g
of 40 to 90 degrees with respect to the collection tube axis, preferably an
angle of 70 to 90 degrees, particularly preferably an angle of 90 degrees,
this means it can be arranged perpendicular to the collection tube axis. A
plurality of first planes can, for example, be arranged in parallel to one
another and from a first stack of planes and/or a plurality of second
planes can, for example, be arranged in parallel to one another and form a
second stack of planes. The outflow opening or the inflow opening or the
deflection opening can, however, also be arranged arbitrarily displaced
with respect to one another.
The separation element can be a film-like material, for example, a sheet
metal part, wherein the material can, for example, be a metal or a metal
alloy, a stainless steel or a plastic. The film-like material is
advantageously
composed of a pressure stable material, for example a metal alloy. The
thickness of the film-like material can, for example, lie in a range of be-
tween 2 and 10 mm.
The separation element can comprise a separation section and a deflection
section. The separation section can, for example, have a rectangular shape
and can be formed as a planar sheet metal part. The deflection section can
have an open polygonal, this means, for example, a triangular or square or
a semi-circular internal cross-section and, for example, be configured as a
U-shaped sheet metal part or as a groove. The separation element, this
means the deflection section and the separation section can have a Y-
shaped inner cross-section, wherein the deflection section can be symmet-
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rically or asymmetrically arranged with respect to the separation section.
Likewise the separation section and the deflection section can be of one-
part design or of multi-part design. The separation element can also be of
one-part design or of multi-part design. The complete separation element
can, however, also be configured as a rectangular, singularly or multiply
folded sheet metal part arranged in parallel to the collection tube axis. The
separation element can have a leakage opening, in particular at the
boundaries of the separation element, for example, round or polygonal
gaps, grooves or tubular connection elements, through which, for exam-
ple, a pressure compensation can take place, this means through which a
fluid can flow.
The separation element can be arranged in the collection tube and can, for
example, be displaced in an axial direction and can be rotationally sym-
metric with respect to the collection tube axis. The separation element
can, however, also be arranged arbitrarily displaced with respect to the
collection tube axis so that an arbitrary arrangement is possible within
the collection tube. The separation element can be arranged with respect
to the collection tube axis in such a way that the separation element en-
closes an angle a with regard to these collection tube axis. The separation
element can include an angle a of 0 to 40 degrees, preferably of 0 to 30
degrees with respect to the collection tube axis. In particular, the separa-
tion element having the separation section can be aligned along the collec-
tion tube axis, for example, it can be aligned in parallel so that the angle a
is 0 degree. The separation section of the separation element can be
aligned precisely at the collection tube axis, this means that the collection
tube axis can lie in the separation element over a complete collection tube
length. The separation element can be fastened at the collection tube, for
example the separation element can be welded to the collection tube or it
can be adhesively bonded to the collection tube. The separation element
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can, however, also be connected to the collection tube by means of a fas-
tening element, for example, the separation element can be arranged in a
guiderail in the collection tube or it can be clamped, stapled or screwed in
the collection tube. The separation element can, however, also be arranged
without fastening elements in the collection tube.
The separation element is configured and arranged in the collection tube
in such a way that the separation element divides the collection tube into
an outflow region in which the outflow opening is arranged, into an inflow
region in which the inflow opening is arranged and into a first deflection
region in which the deflection openings are arranged. The separation ele-
ments can divide the first stack of planes in the collection tube into a plu-
rality of spatially separate first planes having outflow openings, having
inflow openings and having deflection openings. The separation element
can thus advantageously divide the collection tube into a plurality of func-
tional regions so that a plurality of functions, for example, a deflection of
the fluid, as well as an inflow and an outflow of the fluid can be realized in
a collection tube.
A fluid, this means a heat transfer medium, for example a coolant, can
flow in the collection tube. Due to the collection tube in accordance with
the invention the fluid can, for example, only flow in a certain region in a
preferably constrained direction. In the outflow region the fluid can, for
example, flow in the direction of an outflow opening or of the first or of the
second axial ends of the collection tube. In the inflow region the fluid can,
for example, flow from the direction of an inflow opening or from the first
or from second axial ends of the collection tube into the collection tube. In
the deflection region the fluid can flow into the collection tube at a deflec-
tion opening can then be deflected by means of the deflection section and
flow out of the collection tube at a different deflection opening. The outflow
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region and/or the inflow region and/or the first deflection region can be
connected to one another in a flow conducting manner by means of leak-
age openings.
It is of advantage that, due to the separation element, a functional division
of the collection tube can be created in a simple kind and manner, so that
discrete inflow regions, outflow regions and deflection regions are realized
in the collection tube. The collection tube in accordance with the invention
having a functional division is thus simple to manufacture. Moreover, no
additional components, for example, arcs or distribution tubes are re-
quired and/or components, such as mountings or further installations for
deflecting the fluid can be saved, so that the collection tube can be pro-
duced in a cost-effective manner. Likewise the collection tube can be of
different design and in this way, for example, the wall thicknesses of the
collection tube or the size of the collection tube can be reduced with re-
spect to known sizes and designs and/or can be advantageously matched
to certain requirements.
In an embodiment of the invention a first termination element is arranged
at a first axial end and/or a second termination element is arranged at a
second axial end, wherein the first and the second termination elements
close off the collection tube in a sealing manner. The collection tube com-
prises an inflow opening and/or an outflow opening. A fluid flows into the
collection tube through the inflow opening and/or the fluid flows out of
the collection tube through the outflow opening. An inflow is arranged at
the inflow opening and the inflow is arranged at an angle b with respect to
the collection tube axis and/or an outflow is arranged at the outflow open-
ing and the outflow is arranged at an angle c with respect to the collection
tube axis.
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The collection tube can, for example, be closed off at the first and at the
second axial ends by means of the first and the second termination ele-
ments. The first and the second termination elements can, for example, be
configured as a semi-spherical terminal. A cylindrical section can addi-
5 tionally be configured at the semi-spherical terminal. An outer diameter
of
the cylindrical section can, for example, correspond to an inner diameter
of the collection tube or vice versa. The first and/or the second termina-
tion elements can be arranged at the collection tube. The first and/or
second termination elements can be fastened to the collection tube, for
10 example by being welded, screwed or adhesively bonded thereto. The first
and/or the second termination elements can, however, also be connected
to the connection tube by means of a fastening element, for example, the
first and/or the second termination elements can be arranged at the col-
lection tube and can be clamped, stapled or riveted thereto. The first
and/or the second termination element can, however, also be arranged at
the collection tube without fastening elements. For example, a respective
sealing element can be arranged between the first and the second termi-
nation elements and the collection tube so that the axial ends of the col-
lection tube can be closed off in a sealing manner. Likewise an air opening
can be provided in the first or the second termination element, for exam-
ple a bore. The air opening can be closed and opened so that, for example
air can flow into the collection tube.
The inflow opening and the outflow opening can both be arranged at the
first or the second axial end at the first or the second termination element
of the collection tube. Likewise only the outflow opening can be arranged
at the first or the second axial end at the first or the second termination
element and the inflow opening can be arranged at the jacket surface of
the collection tube or vice versa. However, also the inflow opening and the
outflow opening can be arranged at the jacket surface of the collection
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tube. The inflow opening and the outflow opening can be configured as a
bore or as a stamped aperture. The shape of the inflow opening and of the
outflow opening can, for example be circular, oval or also polygonal.
A fluid, in particular a liquid fluid or a gaseous fluid, for example a heat
transfer medium, can flow into the collection tube through the inflow
opening. The fluid can flow out of the collection tube through the outflow
opening. An inflow can be arranged at the inflow opening. Likewise an
outflow can be arranged at the outflow opening through which the fluid
flows out of the collection tube. The inflow and the outflow can be connec-
tions, for examples to lines. An supply line can be connected at the inflow
through which the fluid is guided into the collection tube. A drainage line
can be connected at the outflow through which the fluid can be guided
away from the collection tube. The inflow can be arranged at an angle b,
wherein the angle b can be included between the collection tube axis and
a straight line going through an opening in the inflow. The angle b can lie
between 0 to 90 degrees, preferably lies between 20 to 90 degrees and
particularly preferably corresponds to 50 to 90 degrees. The outflow can
be arranged at an angle c, wherein the angle c can be included between
the collection tube axis and a straight line going through an opening in
the outflow. The angle c can lie between 0 to 90 degrees, preferably lies
between 0 to 50 degrees and particularly preferably corresponds to 0 to 30
degrees.
The advantage of this design is that the collection tube can be of modular
design. Thus, the configuration of the collection tube, this means the ar-
rangement of the first or the second termination element, as well as of the
inflow opening and of the outflow opening and of the inflow and of the
outflow can be varied and can be adapted to different applications. Moreo-
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,
ver, the collection tube can be produced in a cost-effective manner due to
this modular mode of construction.
In an embodiment of the invention a deflection plate is arranged at the
separation element. In this connection the deflection plate is configured
and arranged in such a way that the inflow opening is arranged in the
inflow region and the outflow opening is arranged in the outflow region.
The deflection plate can be configured as a part of the separation element,
so that the deflection plate can, for example be configured as a folded end
piece of the separation element. The deflection plate can, however, also be
configured as a separate component and can be fastened to the separation
element, for example, the deflection plate can be welded, adhesively bond-
ed, stapled or screwed to the separation element. The deflection plate can
be arranged in a direction of the first or of the second axial ends. The de-
flection plate can be circular, rectangular or polygonal, in particular the
deflection plate can be composed of a rectangular and of a semi-circular
section. The deflection plate can be arranged in the direction of the first or
the second axial ends of the collection tube at the separation element,
preferably the semi-circular section can be aligned in the direction of the
first or of the second axial end. Moreover, the deflection plate can be ar-
ranged such that the inflow opening is arranged in the inflow region and
the outflow opening is arranged in the outflow region. However, also a
plurality of deflection plates, can be arranged at the separation element,
for example, a first deflection plate can be arranged at an end of the sepa-
ration element and a second deflection plate can be arranged at the other
end of the separation element. The deflection plate can be arranged at an
angle h, wherein the angle h can be formed between the collection tube
axis and the deflection plate. The angle h can lie between 0 and 140 de-
grees, preferably lies between 20 to 70 degrees. Advantageously, the de-
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13
flection plate enables a variable arrangement of the inflow region and of
the outflow region, so that the degree of efficiency of a heat exchanger is
higher.
In an embodiment of the invention a first termination plate is arranged at
the separation element and the first termination plate is arranged at an
angle d with respect to the collection tube axis. The first termination plate
is configured and arranged in such a way that the first or the second ter-
mination element and the first termination plate form an overflow region.
Moreover, the first termination plate separates the deflection region and
the outflow region from the overflow region.
The first termination plate can be configured as a part of the separation
element, so that the first termination plate is, for example, configured as a
folded end piece of the separation element. The first termination element
can, however, also be configured as a separate component and can be
fastened to the separation element, for example, the first termination plate
can be welded, adhesively bonded, stapled or screwed to the separation
element. The first termination plate can be arranged in the direction of the
first or the second axial end. The first termination plate can be rectangu-
lar or polygonal, however, in particular circular. Preferably, the first ter-
mination plate can have a semi-circular shape, wherein a diameter of the
first termination plate can correspond to the inner radius of the collection
tube. The first termination plate can be arranged in the direction of the
first or the second axial ends of the collection tube at the separation ele-
ment, preferably the semi-circular first termination plate can be aligned in
the direction of the first axial end at the separation element. The first ter-
mination plate can be arranged at an angle b with respect to the collection
tube axis, wherein the angle d can be configured between the collection
tube axis and the first termination plate. The angle d can lie between 0 to
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14
,
140 degrees, preferably lies between 50 to 100 degrees and particularly
preferably lies between 80 to 100 degrees.
The first termination plate can be configured and arranged in such a way
that the first or the second termination element and the first termination
plate form an overflow region. An overflow opening can be arranged in the
overflow region, so that the fluid which is, for example excessively present,
can advantageously flow out of the collection tube, in particular out of the
heat exchanger apparatus. Moreover, the first termination plate can sepa-
rate the deflection region and the outflow region from the overflow region.
Also the inflow region and the overflow region can be connected in a flow
conducting manner. The advantage of the design of the overflow region
and of its functional separation from the outflow region and the deflection
region is a more effective use of the collection tube and in turn thus an
increase of the degree of efficiency of the heat exchanger.
In an embodiment of the invention a separation element comprises a de-
flection section, wherein the deflection section is configured such that a
flow direction of the fluid can be deflected in the first deflection region.
The deflection section can have an open polygonal, this means, for exam-
ple, a triangular or a quadratic or a semi-circular inner cross-section and
can preferably be configured as a U-shaped sheet metal part or as a
groove. The deflection section can be symmetrically or asymmetrically
arranged with respect to the separation section and/or the separation
element. The deflection section can be configured as a section of the sepa-
ration element or as a separate component. Thus, the processing of addi-
tional deflection tubes can advantageously be saved in a cost-effective
manner.
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
In an embodiment of the invention the separation element is of multi-part
design, so that the separation element can advantageously be matched to
different applications of the collection tube. In an embodiment of the in-
vention the separation element comprises the deflection section and/or a
5 separation section and/or the first termination plate and/or the
deflection
plate. The separation element can be of one-part design or of multi-part
design in the direction of the collection tube axis, this means it can com-
prise two or more individual parts. The individual parts can have like or
different lengths, preferably like lengths and can be displaced relative to
10 one another with respect to the collection tube axis. Preferably, the
sepa-
ration element comprises the deflection section and the separation sec-
tion. Furthermore, the separation section and the deflection section can
be of one-part design or of multi-part design.
15 In accordance with the invention a heat exchanger apparatus comprising
a collection tube is further provided. The collection tube in accordance
with the invention can thus be a part of a heat exchanger apparatus.
Thus, the heat exchanger apparatus can be advantageously produced in a
more cost-effective manner and can be emptied in a more simple manner.
In an embodiment of the invention the heat exchanger apparatus com-
prises a deflection tube, wherein the deflection tube comprises a plurality
of deflection openings and wherein a deflection tube axis can be config-
ured in an axial longitudinal direction. Or the heat exchanger apparatus
comprises a plurality of tubes which are arranged in a plane, wherein a
first end of the tubes is arranged at an inflow opening or at an outflow
opening or at a deflection opening of the collection tube and/or a second
end of the tubes is arranged at the deflection openings of the deflection
tube and/or the deflection tube comprises a deflection plate. The deflec-
tion plate is configured and arranged at the deflection tube in such a way
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
,
16
,
,
that the deflection plate divides the deflection openings into a second de-
flection region and a second termination plate is arranged at the deflection
plate.
The heat exchanger apparatus can be a finned heat exchanger which can,
for example, comprise a collection tube, a plurality of tubes for guiding
through a heat transfer medium and a plurality of fins. In this connection
the fins can be connected to the tubes and are in connection with a sec-
ond medium during operation. The fins or the tubes can be made from a
good heat-conductible material, for example, aluminum or copper and are
preferably made from stainless steel. Naturally the finned heat exchanger
can also include a plurality of tubes for more than one heat transfer me-
dium or the tubes can be connected to one another in parallel or in series
in dependence on the requirement. The heat exchanger apparatus can,
however, also be a plate heat exchanger or a micro-channel heat exchang-
er. A heat transfer element of the micro-channel heat exchanger can, for
example, be configured as an extruded section which can be produced
from a material having a good heat conductivity, such as, for example
aluminum. The heat transfer elements can include a plurality of channels
having a diameter of, for example, 0.5 to 3 mm for the heat transfer medi-
um. Rather than smaller tubes preferably aluminum-extruded sections
are used for a micro-channel heat transfer element. Moreover, a wetting
apparatus for the heat exchanger apparatus can be provided.
The deflection tube can, for example, be a tube-like hollow body having a
circular, elliptical or polygonal base surface. Preferably, the deflection
tube
can be configured as a generally hollow cylindrical tube which is open at a
first and at a second axial end. The deflection tube axis can be configured
in an axial longitudinal direction of the deflection tube, preferably by the
geometric center of the two base surfaces of the deflection tube. The de-
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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flection tube comprises a plurality of deflection openings, wherein the
design and arrangement of the deflection openings at the deflection tube
can correspond to the design and arrangement of the deflection openings
at the collection tube.
The deflection plate can be a film-like material, for example a sheet metal
part, and the material can, for example, be composed of a metal or of a
metal alloy, of a stainless steel or of a plastic. The film-like material is
advantageously composed of a pressure stable material, for example a
metal alloy. The thickness of the film-like material can, for example, lie in
a range of between 2 to 10 mm.
The deflection plate can, for example, be configured as a rectangular sheet
metal part. Likewise the deflection plate can have a polygonal, this means,
for example, a triangular or a square or a semi-circular inner cross-
section having an open side and can, for example, be configured as a U-
shaped sheet metal part or as a groove. The deflection plate can include a
leakage opening, for example, round or polygonal gaps, indentations or
tubular connection elements, through which, for example, a pressure
compensation can take place, this means through which the fluid can
flow.
The deflection plate can be arranged in the deflection tube, can be dis-
placed along the deflection tube axis, for example, in an axial direction
and can be rotationally symmetrically arranged about the deflection tube
axis so that an arbitrary arrangement within the deflection tube is possi-
ble. In this connection the deflection plate can be arranged with respect to
the deflection tube axis in such a way that the deflection plate encloses an
angle i with respect to the deflection tube axis. The deflection plate can
include an angle i of 0 to 40 degrees, preferably of 0 to 30 degrees, with
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
18
respect to the deflection tube axis. In particular, the deflection plate can
be aligned along the deflection tube axis, for example, it can be configured
in parallel, so that the angle i is 0 degrees. The deflection plate can thus
be aligned precisely at the deflection tube axis, this means that the deflec-
tion tube axis can lie in the deflection plate over a complete deflection tube
length. The deflection plate can be fastened to the deflection tube, for ex-
ample, the deflection plate can be welded or adhesively bonded to the de-
flection tube. The deflection plate can, however, also be connected to the
deflection tube by means of a fastening element, this means it can, for
example, be clamped, stapled or screwed thereto. Likewise the deflection
plate can be arranged in the deflection tube by means of a guiderail. The
deflection plate can, however, also be arranged without fastening means in
the deflection tube.
A first end of the tube is arranged at an inflow opening and/or at an out-
flow opening and/or at a deflection opening of the collection tube and/or a
second end of the tube can be arranged at the deflection openings of the
deflection tube. The deflection plate is configured and arranged at the
deflection tube in such a way that the deflection plate divides the deflec-
tion openings into a second deflection region. Due to the deflection tube
having the deflection plate the fluid can only flow into a certain region in a
preferably constrained direction. The fluid can, for example, be deflected
from a deflection opening into a different deflection opening in the second
deflection region. Thus, no additional components, for example arcs or
distribution tubes are advantageously required, so that the deflection tube
can be manufactured in a cost-effective manner and can be matched to
the most diverse applications in a more simple manner.
In an embodiment of the invention a first termination element is arranged
at a first axial end and/or a second termination element is arranged at a
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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second axial end, wherein the first and the second termination elements
close off the deflection tube in a sealing manner and an overflow opening
is arranged at the deflection tube and/or an overflow is arranged at the
overflow opening. The design and the arrangement of the first and the
second termination elements corresponds to the design and the arrange-
ment of the first and the second termination elements at the collection
tube.
The overflow opening can be arranged at the first or the second axial ends
or at the first or the second termination elements of the collection tube.
Likewise only the overflow opening can be arranged at the jacket surface
of the deflection tube. The overflow opening can be configured as a bore or
as a stamped aperture. The shape of the overflow opening can, for exam-
ple, be circular, oval or also polygonal.
A fluid, in particular a liquid fluid or a gaseous fluid, for example, a heat
transfer medium can flow out of the deflection tube through the overflow
opening. An overflow can be arranged at the overflow opening. An overflow
line can be connected to the overflow. The overflow can be arranged in the
same kind and manner like the inflow or the outflow at an angle alpha,
wherein the angle alpha can be included between the deflection tube axis
and a straight line going through the geometric center of the overflow
opening. The angle alpha can lie between 0 to 90 degrees, preferably lies
between 20 to 90 degrees and particularly preferably corresponds to
90 degrees.
A second termination plate can be arranged at the deflection plate and the
second termination plate can be arranged at an angle k with respect to the
deflection tube axis. The second termination plate can be configured and
arranged in such a way that the first or the second termination element
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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and the second termination plate form an overflow region. Moreover, the
second termination plate separates the deflection region from the overflow
region.
5 The second termination plate can be configured as a part of the
deflection
plate so that the second termination plate is, for example, configured as a
folded end piece of the deflection plate. The second termination plate can,
however, also be configured as a separate component and can be fastened
to the deflection plate, for example, the second termination plate can be
10 welded, adhesively bonded, stapled or screwed to the deflection plate.
The
second termination plate can be arranged in the direction of the first or
the second axial end. The second termination plate can be rectangular or
polygonal, in particular, however, circular. Preferably, the second termina-
tion plate can have a circular shape, wherein a diameter of the second
15 termination plate approximately corresponds to the inner radius of the
collection tube. The second termination plate can be arranged in the direc-
tion of the first or of the second axial end of the deflection tube at the de-
flection plate, preferably the circular second termination plate can be
aligned in the direction of the first axial end at the deflection plate. The
20 second termination plate can be arranged at an angle k with respect to
the
deflection tube axis, wherein the angle k can be configured between the
deflection tube axis and the second termination plate. The angle k can lie
between 0 to 140 degrees, preferably lies between 50 to 90 degrees and
particularly preferably lies between 80 to 90 degrees.
The second termination plate can be configured and arranged in such a
way that the first or the second termination element and the second ter-
mination plate form an overflow region. An overflow opening can be ar-
ranged in the overflow region so that the fluid which is, for example exces-
sively present, can advantageously flow out through the overflow opening.
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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,
Moreover, the second termination element can separate the deflection
region from the overflow region. Also the deflection region and the overflow
region can be connected in a flow conducting manner. The advantage of
this design of the overflow region and of its functional separation from the
deflection region is a more effective use of the collection tube and thus in
turn an increase of the degree of efficiency of the heat exchanger appa-
ratus.
However, it can also be possible that the functions of the collection tube
and/or of the deflection tube can be distributed to a plurality of tubes.
The collection tube then merely comprises a simple deflection plate which
divides the outflow opening having the outflow region and/or the inflow
opening having the inflow region. The deflection then takes place by
means of one or more deflection tubes which are arranged, for example, at
both sides of the heat exchanger apparatus and at the collection tube.
The invention further relates to a method of emptying a heat exchanger
apparatus, wherein air flows in via an overflow and a fluid flows out via
the overflow, via an inflow and via an outflow. In the operating state the
heat exchanger apparatus is flowed through by a fluid. If the operation is
interrupted, this means if a compulsory through-flow of the heat exchang-
er apparatus is broken down, the heat exchanger fills with air, the fluid
flows out and the heat exchanger apparatus empties itself.
In an embodiment of the invention the heat exchanger apparatus is in-
stalled at a tilt. For this purpose the heat exchanger apparatus can be
assembled such that the overflow can be the highest point.
Further advantageous measures and preferred modes of carrying out the
method result from the dependent claims. In the following the invention
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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'
will be described in detail both from an apparatus point of view as well as
from a process engineering point of view by means of embodiments with
reference to the drawing. In the schematic drawing there is shown:
Fig. 1 a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a col-
lection tube;
Fig. 2 a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a
collection tube;
Fig. 3 a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a de-
flection tube;
Fig. 4 a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a heat
exchanger apparatus having a collection tube and a
deflection tube;
Fig. 5 a schematic cross-section through a second embodi-
ment of a heat exchanger apparatus having a collection
tube and a deflection tube; and
Figs. 6a - c a schematic illustration of the angles a, b, c, d, f, g,
h, i
and k.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of the collec-
tion tube 1 in accordance with the invention. The collection tube 1 is con-
figured as a generally hollow cylindrical tube, in particular as a hollow
circular cylinder, which is open at a first and at a second axial end. The
collection tube 1 comprises an outflow opening 2, an inflow opening 3 and
a plurality of deflection openings 4. The outflow opening or the inflow
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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opening or the deflection openings 2, 3, 4 are configured as an opening in
a jacket surface of the collection tube 1. A plurality of outflow openings 2
are arranged vertically above one another, preferably having the same
spacing at a first plane. Likewise a plurality of inflow openings or deflec-
tion openings 3, 4 are arranged vertically above one another, preferably
having the same spacing, at a parallel first plane. The outflow opening or
the inflow opening or the deflection openings 2, 3, 4 are horizontally ar-
ranged next to one another, preferably having the same spacing at a sec-
ond plane.
A separation element 5 is configured as a sheet metal part, wherein the
separation element 5 comprises a separation section 51 and a deflection
section 52. The separation section 51 has a rectangular shape. The deflec-
tion section 51 is configured as a groove which is open to one side and
which has a square inner cross-section. The separation element 5, this
means the separation section 51 and the deflection section 52 as a whole
have a substantially Y-shaped internal cross-section, wherein the separa-
tion element 5 is of one-part design. Moreover, one or more leakage open-
ing(s) (not illustrated) are configured at the boundaries of the separation
element 5, through which, for example, a pressure compensation can take
place, this means through which a fluid can flow.
In this connection, the separation element 5 is arranged in the collection
tube 1 with respect to the collection tube axis A in such a way that the
separation element 5 encloses an angle a (not illustrated) with respect to
the collection tube axis A and the angle a amounts to 0 degrees. The sepa-
ration element 5 is aligned in parallel to the collection tube axis A with the
separation section 51. The separation element 5 is configured and ar-
ranged with the collection tube 1 in such a way that the separation ele-
ment 5 divides the collection tube 1 into an outflow region 6 in which the
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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,
outflow opening 2 is arranged, into an inflow region 7 in which the inflow
opening 3 is arranged and into a first deflection region 8 in which the de-
flection openings 4 are arranged. The fluid flows through a tube (not illus-
trated) in the direction of the outflow opening 2 of the collection tube 1 in
the outflow region 6. The fluid flows from the direction of an inflow open-
ing 19 into the collection tube 1 in the inflow region 7 and through the
inflow opening 3 into the tube (not illustrated). In the operating state the
fluid flows out of the tube out of a deflection opening 4 in a first
deflection
region 8 (not illustrated) and is deflected into a different deflection
opening
4 into the tube (not illustrated) by means of the separation element 5.
A first termination element 16 is arranged at the first axial end and a sec-
ond termination element 17 is arranged at the second axial end. The first
and the second termination elements 16, 17 close off the collection tube 1
in a sealing manner. Moreover, the collection tube comprises an inflow
opening 19 and an outflow opening 18, wherein a fluid flows into the col-
lection tube 1 through the inflow opening 19 and/or the fluid flows out of
the collection tube 1 through the outflow opening 18. The inflow opening
19 is arranged at a jacket surface of the collection tube 1 above the second
axial end and the outflow opening 18 is arranged at the second axial ter-
mination element 17. A deflection plate 53 is arranged at the separation
element 5, wherein the deflection plate 53 is configured and arranged in
such a way that the inflow opening 19 is arranged in the inflow region and
the outflow opening 18 is arranged in the outflow region. A termination
plate 54 is arranged in the direction of the first axial end. The first termi-
nation plate 54 is configured and arranged in such a way that the first
termination element 16 and the first termination plate 54 form an overflow
region 15 and the first termination plate 54 separates the deflection region
8 and the outflow region 6 from the overflow region 15.
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
A schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the collection tube 1 is
illustrated in Fig. 2. The assembly of the collection tube 1 in this connec-
tion has many similarities to the collection tube 1 of Fig. 1, for which rea-
son reference is only made to the differences. The first termination ele-
5 ment 16 further comprises a compensation opening 22, wherein air flows
into the collection tube for an open compensation opening 22. The separa-
tion element 5 is of two-part design, wherein the two parts of the separa-
tion element 5 are horizontally displaced with respect to one another so
that the separation element 5 divides a like number of outflow openings,
10 inflow openings and deflection openings 2, 3, 4 in a radial direction of
the
collection tube axis A. An inflow 191 is further arranged at the inflow
opening 19 and an outflow 181 is further arranged at the outflow opening
18.
15 A schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a deflection tube is
illus-
trated in Fig. 3. The deflection tube 9 is configured as a hollow cylindrical
tube that is open at a first and at a second axial end. The deflection tube 9
comprises a plurality of deflection openings 4. The deflection openings 4
and/or the center point of the deflection openings (not illustrated) are
20 arranged in a second plane having approximately the same spacing,
wherein the second plane encloses an angle f (not illustrated) of 90 de-
grees with respect to the deflection tube axis B. The deflection plate 10
has a rectangular shape and is arranged in parallel to the deflection tube
axis B in the deflection tube 9, wherein the deflection tube axis B lies in
25 the deflection plate 10 over a complete deflection tube length.
The deflection plate 10 is configured and arranged at the deflection tube 9
in such a way that the deflection plate 10 divides the deflection openings 4
into a second deflection region 11, wherein two second deflection regions
11 are illustrated. Due to the deflection tube 9 having the deflection plate
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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the fluid flows into the second deflection region 11 in a preferably con-
strained direction. The fluid is thus deflected from one deflection opening
4 out of the tube (not illustrated) into a different deflection opening 4 into
a different tube (not illustrated) in the second deflection region 11.
5
An overflow opening 20 is arranged at a first axial end at the deflection
tube 9 and an overflow 21 is arranged at the overflow opening 20. A sec-
ond termination element 17 is arranged at a second axial end which closes
off the deflection tube 9 at the second axial end in a sealing manner. The
10 second termination element 17 further comprises a compensation opening
22, wherein air flows into the deflection tube 9 for an open compensation
opening 22.
A first embodiment of a heat exchanger apparatus 13 having a collection
tube 1 and a deflection tube 9 is illustrated in Fig. 4. The assembly of the
collection tube 1 in this connection has many similarities to the collection
tube 1 of Fig. 2 and the deflection tube 9 has many similarities to the de-
flection tube 9 of Fig. 3, for which reason reference is only made to the
differences. The collection tube 1 and the deflection tube 9 are connected
by means of a plurality of tubes 12. A first end of the tubes 12 is arranged
at an inflow opening 3 or at an outflow opening 2 or at a deflection open-
ing 4 of the collection tube 1 and a second end of the tubes 12 is arranged
at the deflection openings 4 of the deflection tube 9.
A schematic cross-section through a second embodiment of a heat ex-
changer apparatus 13 having a collection tube and a deflection tube is
illustrated in Fig. 5. The principle assembly of the heat exchanger appa-
ratus 13 can be compared to that of Fig. 4. The flow direction of the fluid
is schematically illustrated by means of the arrows.
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
=
27
,
The heat exchanger apparatus 13 comprises a collection tube 1, a deflec-
tion tube 9 and a plurality of tubes 12. The collection tube 1 comprises an
outflow opening 2, an inflow opening 3 and a plurality of deflection open-
ings 4. The outflow opening or the inflow opening or the deflection open-
ings 2, 3, 4 are configured as an opening in the jacket surface of the col-
lection tube 1. The separation element 5 is configured and arranged in the
collection tube 1 in such a way that the separation element 5 divides a
collection tube 1 into an outflow region 6 in which the outflow opening 2 is
arranged, into an inflow region 7 in which the inflow opening 3 is arranged
and into a first deflection region 8 in which the deflection opening 4 is
arranged. The fluid flows into a specific region in a preferably constrained
direction in the collection tube 1 in accordance with the invention. The
fluid flows through the tube 12 in a direction of the outflow opening 2 in
the outflow region 6 or through the first or through the second axial end
(not illustrated) of the collection tube 1. The fluid flows from the direction
of an inflow opening (not illustrated) or from the first or from the second
axial end (not illustrated) of the collection tube 1 into the collection tube
1
in the inflow region 7 and into the tube 12 through the inflow opening 3.
The fluid flows out of the tube 12 out of a deflection opening 4 in the first
deflection region 8 and is deflected via a different deflection opening 4 into
the tube 12 in the operating state. The deflection tube 9 is divided into a
second deflection region 11 by means of the deflection plate 10. The fluid
flows in a preferably constrained direction in the second deflection region
11 due to the deflection plate 10. The fluid is thus deflected out of the
tube 12 from a deflection opening 4 into a different deflection opening 4
into a different tube 12 in the second deflection region 11.
The principle assembly of Fig. 6a is comparable to that of Fig. 1, wherein
only the lower part of the Fig. 1 is shown. A design of the inflow 191 at an
CA 02918396 2016-01-15
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angle b and a design of the outflow 181 at an angle c are schematically
illustrated in Fig. 6a.
The principle assembly of Fig. 6b is comparable to that of Fig. 3, wherein
the deflection tube axis B having the deflection plate 10 arranged at an
angle i and the second termination element 101 arranged at an angle k
are schematically illustrated.
The principle assembly of Fig. 6c is comparable to that of Fig. 1, wherein
the collection tube axis A having a first plane arranged at an angle f and
having a second plane arranged at an angle g are schematically illustrat-
ed. Likewise, the separation element 5 arranged at an angle a, the first
termination plate 54 arranged at an angle d, as well as the deflection plate
53 arranged at an angle h are schematically illustrated.
