Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02919554 2016-01-27
Temperature Management System
DESCRIPTION
The invention is directed to a temperature management system, especially for
a private household or a public building.
The state of the art now includes hot water solar systems in which water
heated by one or more solar collectors is used to heat or reheat a water
supply
in a hot water container through a spiral heat exchanger. The hot water
container can, for example, be coupled with a central heating system that
distributes the stored heat via radiators in the relevant apartment, as
required.
io For example, examples of so-called solar or sun heating systems in a
number
of variants are presented on page 743 of Vo(ger, Karl: "Haustechnik"
("Buildings Technology7 Figure 743.1 shows a system that is primarily used to
generate hot water and Figure 743.3 shows a solar absorber roof with heat
pump for room heating.
One disadvantage of such installations is that such solar heating systems are
comparatively elaborate and expensive and can be used only for heating
purposes or, at most, also for generating hot water, whereas sometimes,
namely on very hot days in particular, there is a need for cooling that such a
solar heating system, by its very nature, is not able to satisfy.
Admittedly, there are air conditioning systems for this purpose which are
installed in addition to the heating system already present. There are fairly
small air conditioning devices, the installation of which requires that pipes
and/or hoses be laid in addition to the pipes and hoses already present in the
building for the heating system, whereby these additional pipes and/or hoses
connect one or more indoor devices and at least one outdoor device, and there
are also larger air conditioning systems which require that the air in the
relevant rooms be circulated, whereby the exhaust air from the relevant rooms
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2
is either filtered and recirculated or else replaced by fresh additional air,
which
has to be pre-heated, possibly by using waste heat gained from the exhaust
air. However, such air conditioning systems are very expensive and, since they
are mostly in use for only a few weeks of the year, altogether unprofitable.
The disadvantages of the state of technology described above result in the
problem which initiated the invention, namely that of creating a temperature
management system which is in a position not only to heat but also to provide
for cooling of a private household or public building, as needed, without one
having to procure and install an elaborate, expensive air conditioning system.
With a proper temperature management system, this problem can be solved
through one hot reservoir and one cold reservoir which are or can be coupled
with at least one solar collector or heat exchanger that is installed outdoors
for
the purpose of heating or cooling the respective reservoir. Here, the hot
reservoir can be designed as a hot water container and the cold reservoir as a
cold water container.
Thus there is not just one hot reservoir or hot water container as with
conventional heating systems, but also one cold reservoir or cold water
container in addition, so that the desired temperature is available for each
use
case at all times, and in particular so that cooling is possible even on hot
days.
In that two containers that are separated from each other are used to supply a
medium with two different temperature levels, these containers are available
for different applications at all times, independently of each other.
It has proven to be advantageous for the hot water container and the cold
water container to be coupled or capable of being coupled to one or more
common solar collectors and/or heat exchangers for the purpose of heating or
cooling the respective water reservoir. This makes it possible for energy to
be
absorbed from or supplied to the environment. Whereas conventional solar
collectors are optimized primarly for capturing as much solar radiation as
possible and converting it to usable heat, heat exchangers also allow direct
3
exchange of energy with a surrounding medium, in particular air or water.
There are several ways in which one can arrange heat exchangers: they can
be integrated with solar collectors or realized as heat exchangers that are
separate from the solar collectors. Integration of a heat exchanger with a
solar
collector could be direct, in that the solar collector is designed without
insulation, or indirect through a joint arrangement of coiled pipes of the
solar
collector and of the heat exchanger on a common frame. In the latter case, a
coiled pipe of the heat exchanger could be installed on the reverse side of
the
coiled pipe of the solar selector, and these can then, for example, be
connected in parallel or selectively, that is, separately from each other, in
order
to accommodate the applicable requirements and environmental conditions.
Furthermore, one can use air heat exchangers, which are installed in the open
and bathed only by air. On the other hand, these can also be designed for
exchange of heat with the earth or ground water; a particularly efficient
method
would be to integrate them into a subterranean water cistern, where primary
heat exchange with the contents of the water cistern is possible.
The solar collectors and heat exchangers in use should be capable of
maximum heat exchange with their environment, in particular designed without
any insulation whatsoever. This certainly cannot be taken for granted in the
case of solar collectors because they may well be thermally insulated for
smooth operation during the winter.
The invention also provides that the pipe and hose lines between the solar
collectors and/or heat exchangers on the one hand, and the hot water and/or
cold water container on the other hand, are thermally insulated so that the
heat
that is released or absorbed is transported to the reservoir containers with
as
little bss as possible.
The pipe and hose lines between the solar collectors and/or heat exchangers
on the one hand, and the hot water and/or cold water container on the other
hand, should be thermally closed to form a circuit in which a heat transfer
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medium, preferably a liquid heat transfer medium, especially water,
circulates.
This makes it possible for energy to be transported without interruption.
Its part of the invention that at least one pump and/or at least one
compressor
is installed in a circuit for a heat transfer medium. This pump or compressor
secures a defined circulation of the heat transfer medium.
The invention can be refined in that at least one expansion valve is installed
in
a circuit for a heat transfer medium. The structure of a heat pump is created
when an expansion valve supplements a compressor; that is, when a
compressor is installed upstream from a heat exchanger and an expansion
io valve is installed downstream from this heat exchanger, then the
pressure
and with it, above all, also the temperature level at this heat exchanger can
be
raised, and with that a release of heat is initiated there.
If, conversely, an expansion valve is located upstream from a heat exchanger
and a compressor downstream from this same heat exchanger, then the
pressure in the area of this heat exchanger and with it also the temperature
level is lowered, so that an absorption of heat is initiated there.
The pipes and hoses from/to the solar collectors and heat exchangers should
be designed as pressure pipes / pressure hoses so that these - especially in
the context of a heat pump structure - can be placed under pressure in order
to bring about a release of heat at the solar collectors or heat exchangers.
For the same reason. the solar collectors and heat exchangers themselves
should be designed to be compression-proof, for example for a pressure
burden of up to 5 atm or more, preferably for a pressure burden of up to 10
atm
or more, especially for a pressure burden of up to 20 atm or more.
In the interests of minimizing loss of heat, the invention recommends that the
hot water container and/or the cold water container be designed for minimal
heat exchange with their respective environments, and that they be, in
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particular, equipped with intensive thermal insulation. This thermal
insulation
should be conceived so well that once a temperature level has been achieved,
it can be kept fairly stable for several hours, in particular for at least
roughly
12 hours, that is, for example, the temperature should deviate by at most
5 5 degrees: AT 5 5 C for At 5 12 hours, at least insofar as no heat is
taken from
or transferred to the container in question. This can be done, for example, by
means of thermal insulation with so-called vacuum insulation panels, whereby
an airtight hull, for example of aluminium or high barrier foil, is wrapped
around
a porous core and then evacuated after airtight sealing. There is no transport
of heat within the evacuated pores, neither by convection nor conduction.
Further advantages result from the fact that the cold water container is
installed
underground, in particular in the form of a cistern. Then, the container is in
direct contact with deeper layers of the earth which are not exposed to frost
in
the winter and which in the summer do not become warmer than approximately
10 to 15 C, which is much cooler than the heat of the air. For this reason,
thermal insulation of such a cold reservoir is superfluous on the one hand,
and
on the other hand intensive thermal contact with the surrounding earth can
even counteract heating of the contents of the container to more than the
aforementioned 10 to 15 C even if the air does not cool off during especially
balmy summer nights, in which case the solar collectors and air heat
exchangers according to the invention would not provide sufficient cooling.
The hot water container and/or cold water container should have a pressure
compensating valve so that excessive pressure cannot build up as a result of
temperature changes. On the other hand, it would also be possible not to fill
these containers completely but to leave an air or gas bubble that can expand
as needed. A pressure compensating container would also be conceivable.
On the other hand, it can be advantageous for the hot water container and/or
the cold water container to be equipped with a refilling system or a level
regulator. This allows one to ensure that the heat exchangers in the container
. 6
are completely submerged and, secondly, an air bubble, insofar as desired, is
kept in the container.
Furthermore, one can have the hot water container and/or the cold water
container equipped with a temperature regulator. Then, one is pursuing the
objective of maintaining a temperature level inside the container which is or
can be prescribed.
In the context of such a temperature regulation, a regulator can operate on a
servo component in the form of a pump or a compressor in order to influence
the flow rate or velocity within a circuit and in this way control or regulate
the
heat being transported. A circuit between the container in question and a
solar
collector or external heat exchanger is to be preferred for such regulation.
The hot water container and/or the cold water container should have a heating
or cooling spiral through which the heat transfer medium circulates for the
purpose of heat exchange.
Although the feeding circuits of the two containers could indeed be separated
from each other, so that completely different media could circulate in them
(for
example, water with an antifreezing agent in the circuit of the cold water
container and oil in the circuit of the hot water container, this is not to be
regarded as being preferable. For the option of coupling to the same solar
collectors or heat exchangers is greatly facilitated by use of a single heat
transfer
medium. The invention recommends water or oil for this purpose, possibly with
additives such as antifreezing agents. This also allows for direct coupling
between the two containers, as is explained in greater detail below.
The hot water container according to the invention should be fitted with a
heating spiral that is installed in its lower area. The heated reservoir
liquid rises
from there within the container to the top, where the heat stored in it can be
extracted directly via another connection or via a heat exchanger.
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7
The cold water container, on the other hand, should be fitted with a cooling
spiral that is installed in its upper area. The cooled reservoir liquid sinks
from
there within the container to the bottom and collects there, that is,
preferably in
the lower area, where heat dissipation through secondary heat exchangers is
possible or the cool liquid can be siphoned off.
The invention recommends that the discharge of a pump or a compressor be
directed toward a hot water container. When such a conveyance facility is
located upstream from a hot water container, and, on the other hand, an
expansion valve downstream from the hot water container, then the
to temperature will be raised there; that is, this will cause release of
heat to the
reservoir liquid of the hot water container.
Another construction regulation says that the discharge of a pump or
compressor is to be directed away from a cold water container. lf,
accordingly,
such a conveyance facility is located downstream from a cold water container
and, on the other hand, an expansion valve is installed upstream from the cold
water container, then the temperature within the cooling spiral of the cold
water
container goes down, thus bringing about absorption of heat by the reservoir
liquid of the cold water container.
With one (a daytime) operating mode, heat is transported from one or more
solar collectors and/or heat exchangers to the hot water container.
With another (a nighttime) operating mode, on the other hand, heat is
transported from the cold water container to one or more solar collectors
and/or heat exchangers.
Moreover, one can run a mixed operating mode m which heat is transported
directly from the cold water container to the hot water container.
One or more radiators can be connected to the hot water container, especially
by means of a spiral heat exchanger installed in the hot water container,
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through which a heat transfer medium, preferably a liquid heat transfer
medium, circulates in order to distribute the heat from the hot water
container
to one or more radiators.
On the other hand, it is also possible that one or more hot water consumers
are connected to the hot water container, either directly or by means of a
heating spiral installed in the hot water container, through which a heat
transfer
medium, preferably a liquid heat transfer medium, circulates in order to
distribute the heat from the hot water container to one or more hot water
consumers, for example to a warm shower, a hot water tap in the kitchen, etc.
io Yet
another possibility is that one or more radiators are also attached to the
cold
water container, in particular through a cooling spiral installed in the cold
water
container, through which a heat transfer medium, preferably a liquid heat
transfer medium, circulates in order to transport the heat absorbed by the
radiators to the cold water container. With that, a pleasant indoor
temperature
can be maintained on warm and hot days.
Finally, the invention's doctrine allows for one or more cold water consumers
to
be connected to the cold water container either directly, so that the cooled
reservoir liquid is directed in the form of cold water to a consumer, for
example
a cold shower, or indirectly by means of a spiral heat exchanger installed in
the
2) cold
water container, through which a heat transfer medium, preferably a liquid
heat transfer medium, circulates in order to direct the heat from one or more
cold water consumers, for example of a cold shower, to the cold water
container.
Further attributes, details, advantages and effects on the basis of the
invention
are implied by the following description of a preferred embodiment of the
invention as well as on the basis of the drawing, whereby:
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in a schematic view,
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Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention in a representation
which corresponds to Figure 1, and
Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention in a representation which
corresponds to Figure 1.
The underlying principle of the invention can be seen in the attached Figure
1,
which schematically reflects part of a building installation, namely a
Temperature Management System 1.
On the roof ot the building in question there is one, or preferably two or
more
solar collectors 2, each with at least one supply point 3 and at least one
return
io point 4. For each collector there is also just one supply rail 5 and
just one
return rail 6 internal to it, and these are connected with each other by
several
parallel ribbon conductors 7. Two or more solar collectors are connected with
each other in that their supply rails 5 are connected with each other on the
one
hand, and their return rails 6 are connected with each other on the other
hand,
so that altogether, i.e. over all solar collectors, there is just one common
supply
rail and just one common return rail, whereby the ribbon conductors 7 are all
connected in parallel.
As is generally customary with hot water solar systems, the ribbon
conductors 7 are flowed through upward because the medium that is heated in
them rises.
The solar collectors 2 should not be thermally insulated from their
surroundings. They can, for example, have a metal plate which can be
blackened and with which the ribbon conductors 7 are in thermal contact.
As is customary for solar heating, the solar collectors 2 are coupled with one
hot reservoir 8, which is usually designed as a hot water container. The
latter
contains, preferably in its lower area, a heat exchanger 9, preferably in the
form of coiled tubing. This heat exchanger 9 is connected with the row of
solar
10
collectors 2 by means of one supply pipe 10 and one return pipe 11, resulting
in a closed
loop for a heat transfer medium. A pump 12 or a compressor is provided to keep
the heat
transfer medium flowing.
The heat transfer medium flowing in a circuit is preferably liquid, especially
water. It can
contain an antifreezing agent so that its permissible temperature range also
covers
outdoor temperatures under 0 C and/or it can be kept under pressure so that
it stays in
liquid form even if it heats up to temperatures above 100 C, as could happen,
for
example, if a circulation pump were to fail.
Circulation can be interrupted by means of valves 13, 14.
The hot reservoir 8 is preferably thermally insulated, for example by means of
vacuum
insulation panels, and can be provided with a pressure equalizer, for example
a pressure
relief valve to the atmosphere. Level measurement can likewise be provided, as
can a
temperature measurement at one or more places in the hot reservoir 8.
The upper area of the hot reservoir 8 contains a second pipe coil as a second
heat
exchanger 15. Its two connector ends 16, 17 are connected via one pipe 18, 19
each and
one shut-off device 20, 21 each with one distribution rail 22, 23 each, to
which one or
more, preferably all, of the household's radiators 24 are attached. The
distribution rails
22, 23 may also be referred to as a distributing and collecting manifold.
Thermostats,
which are not included in the diagram, 20 can be used to control flow through
the radiators
24 individually, in accordance with actual heating requirements.
Also, warm water can be heated by or diverted from the hot reservoir 8, say
for hot water
for the kitchen or bathroom. This is not included in the diagram.
Furthermore, the hot reservoir 8 can be provided with supplementary heating,
for example
in the form of a gas burner, oil burner or the like.
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The system components described above are suitable only for heating the
rooms in the household and for generating hot water. Cooling with the
components described above would be just as unlikely as nighttime operations,
inasmuch as the sun does not shine during the night, whence the hot
reservoir 8 could not be reheated by the solar collectors 2.
However, if the hot reservoir 8 is sufficiently large, for example with a
volume of
1,000 liters or more, preferably with a volume of 2,000 liters or more and
especially with a volume of 4,000 liters or more, and if moreover it has
optimal
thermal insulation, and if it has been heated to a temperature of, for
example,
50 C or more, preferably 60 C or more, then it might be able to keep its
temperature overnight, maintaining its heating operations until the next
morning. Conventional solar collectors 2 would be inactive during the night.
However, the system according to the invention also has a cold reservoir 25,
likewise preferable in the form of a water tank or a container, whereby the
water in it, which serves as a heat storage medium, preferably also contains
an
antifreezing agent so that it stays in its liquid state even at temperatures
well
under 0 C. Basically, the cold reservoir 25 can have the same construction as
the hot reservoir 8, that is, for example, it can have thermal insulation, a
pressure equalizer or relief, a refilling system, level measurements and
possibly one or more sensors for measuring the temperature in its interior.
A heat exchanger 26 in the form of a pipe coil or the like is installed in the
upper area of the cold reservoir 25 and its connector ends 27 and 28 are
connected via one valve 29, 30 each or other shut-off device with the supply
and return pipe respectively so that after the valves 13 and 14 have been
closed and the valves 29 and 30 opened, circulation through the solar
collectors 2 no longer continues through the heat exchanger 9 in the hot
reservoir 8, but through the heat exchanger 26 in the cold reservoir 25. The
heat transfer medium can then be kept in motion by a further pump 31 or a
compressor.
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With that, a so-called night operations mode is possible, as follows:
When the valves 13, 14 are closed during the night and the hot reservoir 8 is
working in full storage mode, the valves 29, 30 are opened so that now the
cold reservoir 25 communicates with the solar collectors 2. The solar
.. collectors 2 are not insulated and can even be designed as heat exchangers
which, for example, exchage heat with the surrounding air.
When the outdoor temporature has gone down at night, for example to 10 C
or below, pump 31 is turned on and now the heat transfer medium circulates
back and forth between the heat exchanger 26 and the solar collectors 2 within
o the circuit 10, 11. In doing so, this medium - preferably water - cools
off in the
solar collectors 2 or external heat exchangers accordingly and when it flows
back to and enters the heat exchanger 26 of the cold reservoir 25, it extracts
energy from the cold reservoir, which energy is in turn released in the solar
collectors 2 or external heat exchangers. Thus the cold reservoir 25 can be
cooled, in any case to the outdoor temperature near the solar collectors 2.
When the outdoor temperature rises again in the morning, the valves 29, 30
are closed again and the cold reservoir 25 switches to storage mode while the
hot reservoir 8 is connected with the solar collectors again when the valves
13,
14 are opened again. It is advisable not to turn on the pump 12 31 during a
certain transition time but to wait until the temperature of the heat transfer
medium in the solar collecors 2 has reached the temperature level in the
connected hot or cold reservoir 8, 25.
Thus there are actually four operating modes, namely, in addition to day and
night operations there is also a morning and an evening mode, whereby certain
valves 13, 14, 29, 30 can be opened, but neither pump 12 nor pump 31 is
activated while the hot reservoir could be cooled or the cold resevoir warmed.
The cold reservoir 25 also has a second heat exchanger 32, preferably
likewise in the form of a pipe coil, in particular in the lower area of the
cold
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reservoir 25. As is the case with the hot reservoir 8, the cold reservoir 25
can
likewise take the form of a somewhat cylindrical vessel standing upright. The
two connector ends of the second heat exchanger 32 in the cold reservoir 25
are connected via one of the pipes 35, 36 each and one shut-off device 37, 38
each with one of the two heating distribution rails 22, 23 to which one or
more,
preferably all, of the radiators 24 of the household are attached.
Thermostats, not shown here, can be used to regulate the flow through the
radiators 24 individually, in accordance with current requirements for
cooling.
Since the heat transfer medium in the circuit 22, 23 33, 34, 35, 36 is at a
low
temperature level, for example at 10 C or below, the so-called radiators are
not used to heat the rooms but to cool them off, i.e. they absorb heat and
take
it away to the cold reservoir 25, the temperature of which rises slowly.
However, if the cold reservoir 25 is sufficiently large, for example with a
volume
of 1,000 liters or more, preferably a volume of 2,000 liters or more,
especially
with a volume of 4,000 liters or more, and if moreover it has optimal thermal
insulation, and it it has been cooled during the night to a temperature of,
for
example, 10 C or lower, preferably 5 C or lower, then it might be able to
keep
its temperature during the day, and maintain its cooling operations during the
day and especially throughout the afternoon.
Also, cold water can be generated by or diverted from the cold reservoir 25,
say for cold water for kitchen or bathroom. This is not included in the
diagram.
The embodiment 1' according to Figure 2 has undergone a few, but
functionally especially advantageous changes relative to the embodiment
according to Figure 1.
The changes pertain solely to the circuit through the solar collectors 2'.
This
circuit then uses a heat transfer medium which evaporates when heat is
supplied at low pressure but then condenses again after compression to higher
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14
pressure and release of heat. Thus operation like that of a heat pump is
possible.
Compressors 12', 31' are used for this purpose instead of pumps 12, 31, and in
addition a throttle or expansion valve 39, 40 is used on the other side of the
relevant heat exchanger 9', 26'.
If the valves 29', 30' are closed and the valves 13', 14' are open, then the
heat
transfer medium is compressed by the compressor 12' and condenses with
release of heat in the heat exchanger 9' being operated as a condenser. The
medium undergoes a reduction of pressure in the valve 39 and the expanded
medium ultimately evaporates with absorption of heat in the solar collectors
2'
being operated as vaporizers. The advantage of this arrangement is that heat
transport during the day from outdoors to indoors also works when the outdoor
temperatures are relatively low.
Night operations, when the valves 13', 14' are closed and the valves 29', 30'
are open, proceed similarly. The compressor 31', in contrast to the
compressor 12', is installed so that it exerts a compressing effect on the
medium flowing to the solar collectors 2', which releases heat to condense in
the solar collectors 2' being operated as a condenser. The medium, which is
still flowing, ultimately undergoes a reduction of pressure in the valve 40
and
the expanded medium then absorbs heat to evaporate in the heat
exchanger 26', which is being operated as a vaporizer.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the heat transport during the night
from indoors to outdoors also works when the outdoor temperatures are
relatively high, as during a balmy summer night. Even with outdoor
temperatures such as 15 C or higher, it is still possible to cool the cold
reservoir 25' to 5 C or lower; if antifreezing agents are used, temperatures
within the cold reservoir could conceivably even lie under 0 C.
CA 02919554 2016-01-27
Figure 3 depicts an improved embodiment of a temperature management
system 1" according to the invention which is based on the arrangement of
Figure 2 and also works in accordance with the heat pump principle. However,
here there is a total of only one single heat pump 41 with one compressor 42,
5 one condensation container 43, one expansion valve 44 and one evaporation
container 45, which are connected in this order with each other to form a
circle.
The condensation container 43 contains a heat exchanger 46, for example in
the form of a pipe coil, which can be coupled via valves 13", 14" with the
heat
exchanger 9" within the hot reservoir 8".
o In a similar way, the evaporation container 45 has a heat exchanger 47
for
example in the form of a pipe coil, which can be coupled via valves 29", 30"
with the heat exchanger 26" within the hot reservoir 25".
The supply and return pipes 10, 11 to and from the solar collectors 2" can be
connected via the valves 48, 49 with the heat exchanger 46 in the
15 condensation container 43 or via the valves 50, 51 with the heat
exchanger 47
in the evaporation container 45.
Various operating modes are possible, depending on whether the valves 13",
14", 29", 30", 48, 49, 50, 51 are open or closed.
With normal daytime operation, the valves 13", 14" and 50 and 51 are open
and the remaing valves are closed - the hot reservoir 8" is charged via the
solar collectors 2". The compressor 41 and/or additional circulation pumps are
open in full daytime operation but still closed during preparatory morning
operation.
With the nighttime operation described above, the valves 29", 30", 48 and 49
are open and the other valves are closed - the cold reservoir 25" is cooled
off
via the solar collectors 2" or external heat exchangers. The compressor 41
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16
and/or further circulation pumps are on during full nighttime operation, but
are
still closed during preparatory evening operation.
In addition, this temperature management system 1" also allows a so-called
fifth operating mode. It's defining characteristic is that the valves 13", 14"
and
29" und 30" are open while the other valves 48 to 51 are closed. Now the two
reservoirs, namely the hot reservoir 8" and the cold reservoir 25", are
coupled
directly with each other via the heat pump 41, i.e. the hot reservoir 8" is
heated
and at the same time the cold reservoir 25" is cooled.
This mixed operating mode is frequently advisable when a reservoir has not
io yet been charged and at the same time the other reservoir is already partly
discharged. This frequently happens when the weather changes, for example
when a cold day is followed by a mild night, so that due to the ongoing
heating
during the day the hot reservoir was not charged sufficiently, and, at the
same
time, the cold reservoir was not able to cool off fast enough during the
evening.
The advantage of such a mixed operating mode is that there is no exchange of
heat with the atmosphere but that instead of this, the heat pump's entire
output
can be used in its entirety.
*.*
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17
Reference Signs
1 Temperature Management System 27 connector end
2 solar collector 28 connector end
3 supply point 29 valve
4 return point 30 valve
supply rail 31 pump, compressor
6 return rail 32 heat exchanger
7 ribbon conductor 33 connector end
8 hot reservoir 34 connector end
9 heating coil 35 pipe
supply pipe 36 pipe
11 return pipe 37 shut-off device
12 pump, compressor 38 shut-off device
13 valve 39 expansion valve
14 valve 40 expansion valve
heat exchanger 41 heat pump
16 connector end 42 compressor
17 connector end 43 condensation container
18 pipe 44 expansion valve
19 pipe 45 evaporation container
shut-off device 46 heat exchanger
21 shut-off device 47 heat exchanger
22 distribution rail 48 valve
23 distribution rail 49 valve
24 radiator 50 valve
cold reservoir 51 valve
26 cooling coil
