Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
DISPLAYING ACTIVITY ACROSS MULTIPLE DEVICES
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to data
presentation. Specifically,
the present disclosure addresses systems and methods to facilitate
presentation of activity across
multiple devices.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A user may access a web page from multiple devices. For instance,
the user may access
the web page from a mobile phone with smartphone capabilities.
[0003] Thereafter, the user may access the web page from a desktop
computer.
SUMMARY
[0003a] In one illustrative embodiment, a method includes receiving a
request to access a web
page from a first device associated with a user, the request including user
credentials for a user account
of the user. The method further includes receiving a second request to access
the web page from a
second device associated with the user, the second request including the user
credentials for the user
account of the user. The method further includes receiving session data that
includes data pertaining to
user interactions performed by the user with respect to the web page displayed
on the first device and
the second device. The method further includes generating, by a processor, a
visualization page that
depicts the interactions being performed by the user with respect to the web
page by each of the first
device and the second device, the generating being performed using the
received session data. The
method further includes causing presentation of the visualization page.
10003b1 In another illustrative embodiment, a system includes one or more
processors, and a
memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more
processors, cause the
one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include receiving
a request to access a
web page from a first device associated with a user, the request including
user credentials for a user
account of the user. The operations further include receiving a second request
to access the web page
from a second device associated with the user, the second request including
the user credentials for the
user account of the user. The operations further include receiving session
data that includes data
pertaining to user interactions performed by the user with respect to the web
page displayed on the first
device and the second device. The operations further include generating a
visualization page that
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depicts the interactions being performed by the user with respect to the web
page by each of the first
device and the second device, the generating being performed using the
received session data. The
operations further include causing presentation of the visualization page.
10003c1 In another illustrative embodiment, a non-transitory machine-
readable medium stores
instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a machine, cause
the machine to perform
operations including receiving a request to access a web page from a first
device associated with a user,
the request including user credentials for a user account of the user. The
operations further include
receiving a second request to access the web page from a second device
associated with the user, the
second request including the user credentials for the user account of the
user. The operations further
include receiving session data that includes data pertaining to user
interactions performed by the user
with respect to the web page displayed on the first device and the second
device. The operations
further include generating a visualization page that depicts the interactions
being performed by the user
with respect to the web page by each of the first device and the second
device, the generating being
performed using the received session data. The operations further include
causing presentation of the
visualization page.
[0003d] In another illustrative embodiment, a non-transitory machine-
readable medium stores
instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a machine,
cause any one or more of
the methods described herein to be carried out.
[0003e] Other aspects and features of illustrative embodiments will become
apparent to those
ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of such
embodiments in
conjunction with the accompanying figures.
[0004] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
100051 Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not
limitation in the figures of
the accompanying drawings.
[0006] FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment
suitable for presentation
of activity across multiple devices, according to some example embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of a server
machine suitable for
presenting activity across multiple devices, according to some example
embodiments.
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[0008] FIG. 3-4 are an example user interfaces that each display a
visualization page, according to some example embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 5-8 are flowcharts illustrating operations of a server
machine in
performing a method of presenting session data on a visualization page,
according
to some example embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine,
according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a
machine-
readable medium and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed
herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] Example methods and systems are directed to tracking and storing
data
on activity by users to enable the presentation of activity across multiple
devices.
Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly stated
otherwise,
components and functions are optional and may be combined or subdivided, and
operations may vary in sequence or be combined or subdivided. In the following
description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set
forth to
provide a thorough understanding of example embodiments. It will be evident to
one skilled in the art, however, that the present subject matter may be
practiced
without these specific details.
[0012] A consumer may browse a web page using multiple devices. For
instance, the consumer may access an item page from a smartphone in the
morning.
As the day progresses, the user may switch to another machine and return to
viewing the item page from a desktop computer. Therefore, the user's
interaction
with the web page or item page may be spread across the multiple devices. In
order
to visualize this information, a system may receive information being sent
from a
server to each device and display the information on a single visualization
page.
The visualization page may be a graphical image that summarizes the user's
interaction with the web page from each device. The information may be
organized
within the visualization page in a manner that conveys activity performed by
each
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device. In this way, a summary of the user's interactions with the web page is
presented in a format that is easily accessible. Further, this information may
be used
for later analytics with regards to user behavior.
[0013] By using embodiments of the present invention, the user can
quickly
and easily retrieve information regarding their interactions with the web
page.
Accordingly, one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may obviate a
need
for accessing search histories and searching or browsing through the search
histories, which may have the technical effect of reducing computing resources
used
by one or more devices within the system. Examples of such computing resources
include, without limitation, processor cycles, network traffic, memory usage,
storage space, and power consumption.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment
100
suitable for presentation of activity across multiple devices, according to
some
example embodiments. The network environment 100 includes a server machine
110, a database 115, and devices 130 and 150, all communicatively coupled to
each
other via a network 190. The server machine 110 may form all or part of a
network-
based system 105 (e.g., a cloud-based server system configured to provide one
or
more services to the devices 130 and 150). The server machine 110 and the
devices
130 and 150 may each be implemented in a computer system, in whole or in part,
as
described below with respect to FIG. 9.
[0015] Also shown in FIG. 1 is user 132. The user 132 may be a human
user
(e.g., a human being), a machine user (e.g., a computer configured by a
software
program to interact with the device 130), or any suitable combination thereof
(e.g., a
human assisted by a machine or a machine supervised by a human). The user 132
is
not part of the network environment 100, but is associated with the device 130
and
may be a user of the device 130. For example, the device 130 may be a desktop
computer, a vehicle computer, a tablet computer, a navigational device, a
portable
media device, a smartphone, or a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart
glasses) belonging to the user 132. Further, the user 132 may be associated
with the
device 150. As an example, the device 150 may be a desktop computer, a vehicle
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computer, a tablet computer, a navigational device, a portable media device, a
smartphone, or a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses)
belonging to
the user 132. Each of the devices 130 and 150 may be operated by the user 132
to
access a web page. Specifically, the server machine 110 causes display of the
web
page on a user interface for each of the devices 130 and 150. The user 132 may
interact with the web page that is displayed on each of the devices 130 and
150.
Further, the server machine 110 may receive interactions of the user 132 with
the
web page from each of the devices 130 and 150. The interactions of the user
132
with the web page may then be displayed by the server machine 110 on a
visualization page.
[0016] Any of the machines, databases, or devices shown in FIG. 1 may be
implemented in a general-purpose computer modified (e.g., configured or
programmed) by software (e.g., one or more software modules) to be a special-
purpose computer to perform one or more of the functions described herein for
that
machine, database, or device. For example, a computer system able to implement
any one or more of the methodologies described herein is discussed below with
respect to FIG. 9. As used herein, a "database" is a data storage resource and
may
store data structured as a text file, a table, a spreadsheet, a relational
database (e.g.,
an object-relational database), a triple store, a hierarchical data store, or
any suitable
combination thereof Moreover, any two or more of the machines, databases, or
devices illustrated in FIG. 1 may be combined into a single machine, and the
functions described herein for any single machine, database, or device may be
subdivided among multiple machines, databases, or devices.
[0017] The network 190 may be any network that enables communication
between or among machines, databases, and devices (e.g., the server machine
110
and the device 130). Accordingly, the network 190 may be a wired network, a
wireless network (e.g., a mobile or cellular network), or any suitable
combination
thereof The network 190 may include one or more portions that constitute a
private
network, a public network (e.g., the Internet), or any suitable combination
thereof
Accordingly, the network 190 may include one or more portions that incorporate
a
local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a mobile
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telephone network (e.g., a cellular network), a wired telephone network (e.g.,
a plain
old telephone system (POTS) network), a wireless data network (e.g., WiFi
network
or WiMax network), or any suitable combination thereof Any one or more
portions
of the network 190 may communicate information via a transmission medium. As
used herein, "transmission medium" refers to any intangible (e.g., transitory)
medium that is capable of communicating (e.g., transmitting) instructions for
execution by a machine (e.g., by one or more processors of such a machine),
and
includes digital or analog communication signals or other intangible media to
facilitate communication of such software.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of the server
machine 110, according to some example embodiments. The server machine 110 is
shown as including a reception module 210, a generation module 220, an
identification module 230, a session module 240, and a presentation module
250, all
configured to communicate with each other (e.g., via a bus, shared memory, or
a
switch). Any one or more of the modules described herein may be implemented
using hardware (e.g., one or more processors of a machine) or a combination of
hardware and software. For example, any module described herein may configure
a
processor (e.g., among one or more processors of a machine) to perform the
operations described herein for that module. Moreover, any two or more of
these
modules may be combined into a single module, and the functions described
herein
for a single module may be subdivided among multiple modules. Furthermore,
according to various example embodiments, modules described herein as being
implemented within a single machine, database, or device may be distributed
across
multiple machines, databases, or devices.
[0019] In various example embodiments, the reception module 210 is
configured to receive a request to access a web page (e.g., an item page) from
a first
device (e.g., device 130) associated with a user. The request may also be
received
from any number of devices that are associated with the user. The request may
include user credentials for a user account of the user. The user credentials
of the
user account may include a user name, a password, a login cookie that is
associated
with the user credentials, and the like. In various example embodiments, the
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reception module 210 is further configured to receive a request to access the
same
item page from a second device (e.g., device 150) associated with the user at
a later
time.
[0020] In example embodiments, the generation module 220 is configured
to
generate a record that associates the user account of the user with the item
page. In
one embodiment, the association comprises associating or linking an identifier
for
an item page with an identifier for a user account and an identifier for the
device.
The record may be a mapping of the user account to the item page. For
instance, the
user credentials of the user account may be indicated as corresponding to an
identifier of the item page. The identifier of the item page may be a browser
cookie
that is associated with the item page. As an example, the generation module
220
may generate a record that maps the login cookie to the browser cookie that is
associated with the item page. Moreover, an identifier for the device may be
an IP
address or an identification number. As another example, the generation module
220 may generate a record that maps the IP address of the device to the
browser
cookie that is associated with the item page. Further, the generated record
may be
stored in a database (e.g., database 115). Also, the generation module 220 may
be
further configured to update the generated record to indicate that the second
device
accessed the item page. In other words, once the reception module 210 receives
the
request from the second device and the item page is displayed on the second
device,
the generation module 220 updates the generated record.
[0021] In example embodiments, the identification module 230 is
configured
to identify that the second device associated with the user accessed the same
item
page based on the generated record. In some embodiments, the identification
module 230 identifies the first device based on the request to access the web
page
(e.g., item page) from the first device. As stated above, the request may
include
user credentials for the user account of the user. The identification module
230 may
also identify that the second device is associated with the user based on the
request
to access the item page from the second device. For example, the
identification
module 230 determines that the second device is associated with the same user
that
also accessed the item page from the first device (e.g., from user
credentials). Once
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the identification module 230 determines the same user is attempting to access
the
same item page, the generation module 220 may access the database to retrieve
the
generated record that maps the user credentials of the user account to the
item page
and update the record as described above.
[0022] In example embodiments, the session module 240 receives the
session
data that includes data that pertains to user interactions performed by the
user with
the item page displayed on the first device and on the second device as
identified by
the identification module 230. The session data may include, for example, any
data
that pertains to navigation of item page by the user, images viewed by the
user on at
least one of the first device or the second device, purchases made by the user
on at
least one of the first device or the second device, controls featured on the
item page
that are operated by the user on at least one of the first device or the
second device,
or any data that pertains to bidding of an item by the user on at least one of
the first
device or the second device. Accordingly, the session module 240 receives the
session data from each device, and may store the received session data in a
database
that is maintained by the server machine 110 for later retrieval. The session
data
may be received substantially simultaneously with the interaction with the
item page
for each device, immediately after the session is completed for each device,
or at
any other time interval (e.g., in a batch during a low processing time
period).
Therefore, a plurality of session of data may be received. In example
embodiments,
the session module 240 is further configured to receive the session data based
on the
updated record that indicates that the second device accessed the item page.
In
other words, the updated record indicates that the second device accessed the
same
item page as the first device and accordingly, the session module 240 receives
the
session data from each of the first and second devices.
[0023] In various example embodiments, the generation module 220 is
further
configured to generate a visualization page using the received session data.
The
generation module 220 may access the database that stores the session data
that
pertains to user interactions with the item page. In example embodiments, the
generation module 220 parses, from received session data, first session data
that was
received from the first device. The first session data may pertain to user
interactions
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performed by the user within the first user interface on the first device.
Additionally, the generation module 220 may parse, from the received session
data,
second session data that was received from the second device. Using the
received
session data, the generation module 220 is configured to identify, a plurality
of
interactions performed during each session during which at least one of the
first
device, the second device, or any further devices access the item page. In
doing so
the generation module 220 may identify a plurality of sessions during which
the first
device and the second device accesses the web page. Each session from the
plurality of sessions may correspond to a specific time range. For instance,
the
plurality of sessions may include a morning session and two evening sessions.
For
the morning session, the user may have accessed the item page using the first
device. For the evening sessions, the user may have accessed the item page
with the
first device and then later with the second device. Each of the sessions may
be
parsed by the generation module 220. As further explained below, each of the
sessions from the plurality of sessions may be displayed as a column within a
visualization page.
[0024] In various example embodiments, the generation module 220 assigns
the first session data to a first column on the visualization page that
corresponds to
the first device. Additionally, the generation module 220 may assign the
second
session data to a second column on the visualization page that corresponds to
the
second device.
[0025] In example embodiments, the presentation module 250 is configured
to
present the received session data that pertains to user interactions performed
by the
user with the item page displayed on the first device and the second device on
a
visualization page. Accordingly, the presentation module 250 may determine
whether dimensions of the data pertaining to user interactions extracted from
the
session data exceed dimensions of the visualization page. In response to the
determination, the presentation module 250 may resize the data pertaining to
the
user interactions such that the dimensions of the data pertaining to the user
interactions are within the dimensions of the visualization page. For example,
the
presentation module 250 may determine that the data is unable to be displayed
in its
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entirety within the visualization page. Therefore, in order to fit all of the
data on the
visualization page, the data may be resized accordingly. Additionally, the
presentation module 250 may adjust a resolution of the data pertaining to user
interactions extracted from the session data so that the data may fit within
the
visualization page and for display on the visualization page. In example
embodiments, the presentation module causes display of a plurality of columns
that
correspond to the plurality of sessions identified by the generation module
220 on
the visualization page. Furthermore, the presentation module 250 may cause
presentation of resized session data on the visualization page.
[0026] In example embodiments, the presentation module 250 also causes
display of the item page within a user interface on the first device. For
example, the
presentation module 250 may generate and transmit instructions to the device
of the
user that instruct the device to display the item page. The item page may be
descriptive of an item and may include a description of the item and an image
of the
item. The item page may further include controls that are operable for the
user to
interact with the item page. For instances, the controls may be related to
navigation
of the item page. The controls may also allow the user to make a purchase of
the
item displayed in the item page. In some instances, a plurality of images is
associated with the item page, and the controls are used to browse through the
plurality of images associated with the item page. The interactions of the
user with
the item page may be tracked by the first device and then sent to the session
module
240 as part of the session data. In an alternative embodiment, the server
machine
(e.g., via the presentation module 250) may detect the interactions of the
user with
the item page. In further examples, the item page may be a publication of
information and the controls may allow the user to access further related
information to the publication of information displayed within the item page.
[0027] Moreover, the presentation module 250 may be configured to cause
display of the item page within a user interface on the second device. The
interactions of the user with the item page may also be tracked by the second
device
and then sent to the session module 240 as part of the session data.
Alternatively,
the server machine (e.g., via the presentation module 250) may detect the
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interactions of the user on the second device with the item page. While only
two
devices were discussion, it is noted that session data for any number of
devices may
be tracked to determine user interactions with the item page. Additionally,
session
data from a plurality of sessions from the same device may also be tracked.
[0028] FIG. 3 is an example user interface 300 that displays a
visualization
page, according to some example embodiments. The visualization page may
include a first column 310, a second column 330, a third column 340, a fourth
column 350, and a fifth column 360. Each of the columns 310, 330, 340, 350,
and
360 correspond to a separate session with a same web page displayed on a
device.
For instance, column 310 may correspond to a morning session at 5:30 AM in
which a mobile device accesses the web page. Column 330 may correspond to a
morning session at 8:15 AM in which a desktop accesses the same web page.
[0029] Within each column is a description of activity performed on the
web
page by a corresponding device (e.g., session data). Activities may describe
content
that a user is viewing from the web page. Additionally, activities may
describe
actions performed by the user with respect to the web page (e.g., view image,
place
bid, review bid, and watch). For example, the term "watch" may describe that
the
user has placed the item on a watch list in order to receive notifications
pertaining to
the item. In another example, the term "delete watch" may describe that the
user
has removed the item from the watch list in order to stop receiving
notifications
pertaining to the item.
[0030] Further, a length of the column corresponds to an amount of
activity
performed during the session. For example, a length of the first column 310
ends at
boundary 320 since the activity associated with the first column only
comprises
viewing shoes on the webpage. In contrast, a length of column 350 is longer
since
the user, in addition to viewing shoes, placed three bids and reviewed two of
those
bids.
[0031] The columns displayed in the visualization page 300 may also
include
an image. For example, displayed within column 360 is an image 365 which
corresponds to an image viewed by the user from the web page. Accordingly, the
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session data includes images viewed by the user from the web page. While five
columns are shown in FIG. 3, it is noted that the number of columns will
correspond
to a number of separate sessions accessing the same web page that correspond
to the
user. In some instances, the description within each column may also pertain
to the
item itself For example, the description of "size 10 mens classic" within
column
330 may describe the shoes that the user is viewing on the web page.
[0032] FIG. 4 is an example user interface 400 that displays a
visualization
page that has been resized by the presentation module 250. The resizing is
performed by the presentation module 250 in order to fit all of the session
data for
the wcbpagc in the single visualization page. In the present example user
interface
400, two additional columns (representing two additional sessions) are
included
from the visualization page of FIG. 3. Resizing of the session data may
include
adjusting a resolution of data displayed on the user interface 400. For
instance, the
image 365 of FIG. 3 may be resized (e.g., made smaller) into image 420 so that
all
of the data fits in the visualization page. In another example, column 410 of
FIG. 4
may be a resized version of the first column 310 of FIG. 3.
[0033] FIG. 5-8 are flowcharts illustrating operations of the server
machine
110 in performing a method 500 of presenting session data on a visualization
page,
according to an example embodiment. Operations in the method 500 may be
performed by the server machine 110, using modules described above with
respect
to FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 includes operations 510, 520,
530,
540, and 550.
[0034] At operation 510, the reception module 210 receives a request to
access an item page from a first device associated with a user. As stated
above, the
item page may include a description of the item and an image of the item. The
item
page may further include controls that are operable for the user to interact
with the
item page. For instances, the controls may be related to navigation of the
item page.
The controls may also allow the user to, for example, view further
information, add
an item to a watch list or wish list, bid on the item, or purchase the item
displayed in
the item page. In some instances, a plurality of images is associated with the
item
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page, and the controls are used to browse through the plurality of images
associated
with the item page. Moreover, the request may include user credentials for a
user
account of the user.
[0035] At operation 520, the reception module 210 receives a second
request
to access the web page from a second device associated with the user. The
second
request may include the user credentials for the user account of the user.
[0036] At operation 530, the session module 240 receives session data
that
pertains to user interactions performed by the user with the item page
displayed on
the first device and on the second device identified at operation 530. The
session
data may include, for example, any data that pertains to navigation of the
item page
by the user on at least one of the first device or the second device. The
session data
may include images from the item page that are viewed by the user. For
example,
the user may browse the images from the item page using the first device.
Thereafter, the user may purchase the item from the item page using the second
device. While the session data is shown to be received after a plurality of
sessions
have been completed, in some embodiments, the session data may be received
during or after each session is completed.
[0037] At operation 540, the generation module 220 generates a
visualization
page using the received session data.
[0038] At operation 550, the presentation module 250 causes presentation
of
the visualization page. As further explained below, the visualization page may
be
organized into columns. Each column may represent a session during which at
least
one of the first device or the second device accesses the item page.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 6, the method 500 may include one or more of
operations 610, 620, and 630.
[0040] At operation 610, the generation module 220 generates a record
that
associates the user account of the user with the item page.
[0041] At operation 620, the generation module 220 updates the record to
indicate that the second device accessed the item page. The updated record may
be
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used to further indicate that the first and second devices both accessed the
same item
page and that they are both associated with the same user. Moreover, the
receiving
of the session data in operation 530 may be based on the updated recorded.
[0042] At operation 630, the generation module 220 accesses a database
that
stores the session data. The session data, which pertains to the user
interactions
performed by the user with the item page, may be stored and retrieved from the
database (e.g., database 115).
[0043] As shown in FIG. 7, the method 500 may include one or more of
operations 710, 720, 730, and 740.
[0044] At operation 710, the generation module 220 parses first session
data
that pertains to user interactions performed with respect to the web page
displayed
on the first device. The session data may be labeled with an identifier of the
first
device from which the session data is received.
[0045] At operation 720, the generation module 220 parses second session
data that pertains to user interactions performed with respect to the web page
displayed on the second device. Accordingly, the session data may be labeled
with
an identifier of the second device from which the session data is received.
The
generation module 220 continues parsing (e.g., extracting) data related to
user
interactions for the same item page until all data pertaining to user
interaction is
processed.
[0046] At operation 730, the generation module 220 assigns the first
session
data to a first column that corresponds to the first device. Thereafter, the
presentation module 250 may present the first session data within the column
that
corresponds to the first device on the visualization page.
[0047] At operation 740, the generation module 220 assigns the second
session data to a second column that corresponds to the second device.
Thereafter,
the presentation module 250 may present the second session data within the
column
that corresponds to the second device on the visualization page. The
generation
module 220 continues to assign data that relates to user interactions into
columns
until all data for user interactions for the same item has been positioned.
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[0048] As shown in FIG. 8, the method 500 may include one or more of
operations 810, 820, 830, 840, and 850. The operations of FIG. 8 may occur as
part
of operation 550.
[0049] At operation 810, the generation module 220 identifies a
plurality of
sessions during which a plurality of devices (e.g., first device and second
device)
accesses the item page. For instance, the plurality of sessions may correspond
to a
plurality of time ranges.
[0050] At operation 820, the presentation module 250 displays a
plurality of
columns that correspond to the plurality of sessions on the visualization
page.
Further, each column may correspond to a specific time range for a specific
device.
[0051] At operation 830, the presentation module 250 determines that
dimensions required to display the data pertaining to user interactions
extracted
from the session data exceed dimensions of the visualization page. For
instance,
due to an amount of data pertaining to user interaction that is to be
presented, the
amount of session data may be too large to fit on a standard visualization
page.
[0052] At operation 840, the presentation module 250 resizes the data
pertaining to the user interactions such that the dimensions of the data
pertaining to
the user interactions are within the dimensions of the visualization page. For
instance, the presentation module 250 may adjust a resolution of the data
pertaining
to user interactions so that the session data to be displayed may fit within
the
visualization page.
[0053] At operation 850, the presentation module 250 causes presentation
of
the visualization page having resized data pertaining to the user
interactions. For
example, the presentation module 250 sends instructions to a client device of
the
user to display the visualization page.
[0054] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine
900,
according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions 924 from a
machine-readable medium 922 (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable medium, a
machine-readable storage medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any
suitable combination thereof) and perform any one or more of the methodologies
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discussed herein, in whole or in part. Specifically, FIG. 9 shows the machine
900 in
the example form of a computer system (e.g., a computer) within which the
instructions 924 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an
app, or
other executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any one or more
of
the methodologies discussed herein may be executed, in whole or in part.
[0055] In alternative embodiments, the machine 900 operates as a
standalone
device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked
deployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or
a
client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in
a
distributed (e.g., peer-to-peer) network environment. The machine 900 may be a
server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet
computer, a
laptop computer, a netbook, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a set-top box
(STB),
a personal digital assistant (PDA), a web appliance, a network router, a
network
switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions
924,
sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
Further,
while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be
taken to
include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the
instructions 924 to perform all or part of any one or more of the
methodologies
discussed herein.
[0056] The machine 900 includes a processor 902 (e.g., a central
processing
unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor
(DSP), an
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated
circuit
(RFIC), or any suitable combination thereof), a main memory 904, and a static
memory 906, which are configured to communicate with each other via a bus 908.
The processor 902 may contain microcircuits that are configurable, temporarily
or
permanently, by some or all of the instructions 924 such that the processor
902 is
configurable to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein,
in
whole or in part. For example, a set of one or more microcircuits of the
processor
902 may be configurable to execute one or more modules (e.g., software
modules)
described herein.
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[0057] The machine 900 may further include a graphics display 910 (e.g.,
a
plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid
crystal
display (LCD), a projector, a cathode ray tube (CRT), or any other display
capable
of displaying graphics or video). The machine 900 may also include an
alphanumeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard or keypad), a cursor control
device
914 (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, an
eye
tracking device, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit 916, an audio
generation device 918 (e.g., a sound card, an amplifier, a speaker, a
headphone jack,
or any suitable combination thereof), and a network interface device 920.
[0058] The storage unit 916 includes the machine-readable medium 922
(e.g.,
a tangible and non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) on which are
stored the instructions 924 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or
functions described herein. The instructions 924 may also reside, completely
or at
least partially, within the main memory 904, within the processor 902 (e.g.,
within
the processor's cache memory), or both, before or during execution thereof by
the
machine 900. Accordingly, the main memory 904 and the processor 902 may be
considered machine-readable media (e.g., tangible and non-transitory machine-
readable media). The instructions 924 may be transmitted or received over the
network 190 via the network interface device 920. For example, the network
interface device 920 may communicate the instructions 924 using any one or
more
transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)).
[0059] In some example embodiments, the machine 900 may be a portable
computing device, such as a smart phone or tablet computer, and have one or
more
additional input components 930 (e.g., sensors or gauges). Examples of such
input
components 930 include an image input component (e.g., one or more cameras),
an
audio input component (e.g., a microphone), a direction input component (e.g.,
a
compass), a location input component (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS)
receiver), an orientation component (e.g., a gyroscope), a motion detection
component (e.g., one or more accelerometers), an altitude detection component
(e.g., an altimeter), and a gas detection component (e.g., a gas sensor).
Inputs
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harvested by any one or more of these input components may be accessible and
available for use by any of the modules described herein.
[0060] As used herein, the term "memory" refers to a machine-readable
medium able to store data temporarily or permanently and may be taken to
include,
but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM),
buffer memory, flash memory, and cache memory. While the machine-readable
medium 922 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term
"machine-readable medium" should be taken to include a single medium or
multiple
media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and
servers)
able to store instructions. The term "machine-readable medium" shall also be
taken
to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of
storing
the instructions 924 for execution by the machine 900, such that the
instructions
924, when executed by one or more processors of the machine 900 (e.g.,
processor
902), cause the machine 900 to perform any one or more of the methodologies
described herein, in whole or in part. Accordingly, a "machine-readable
medium"
refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as cloud-based storage
systems
or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The
term
"machine-readable medium" shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be
limited to, one or more tangible (e.g., non-transitory) data repositories in
the form of
a solid-state memory, an optical medium, a magnetic medium, or any suitable
combination thereof.
[0061] Furthermore, the tangible machine-readable medium 1522 is non-
transitory in that it does not embody a propagating signal. However, labeling
the
tangible machine-readable medium 1522 as "non-transitory" should not be
construed to mean that the medium is incapable of movement ¨ the medium should
be considered as being transportable from one physical location to another.
Additionally, since the machine-readable medium 1522 is tangible, the medium
may
be considered to be a machine-readable device.
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[0062] Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement
components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although
individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as
separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed
concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the
order
illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in
example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or
component.
Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be
implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications,
additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter
herein.
[0063] Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a
number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute software
modules (e.g., code stored or otherwise embodied on a machine-readable medium
or
in a transmission medium), hardware modules, or any suitable combination
thereof.
A "hardware module" is a tangible (e.g., non-transitory) unit capable of
performing
certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical
manner.
In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a
standalone
computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one
or
more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of
processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application
portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as
described herein.
[0064] In some embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented
mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For
example, a
hardware module may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently
configured to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware module may
be
a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or
an
ASIC. A hardware module may also include programmable logic or circuitry that
is
temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example,
a
hardware module may include software encompassed within a general-purpose
processor or other programmable processor. It will be appreciated that the
decision
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to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently
configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured
by
software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.
[0065] Accordingly, the phrase "hardware module" should be understood to
encompass a tangible entity, and such a tangible entity may be physically
constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily
configured
(e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain
operations
described herein. As used herein, "hardware-implemented module" refers to a
hardware module. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are
temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need
not
be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where
a
hardware module comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software
to
become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be
configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,
comprising
different hardware modules) at different times. Software (e.g., a software
module)
may accordingly configure one or more processors, for example, to constitute a
particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a
different
hardware module at a different instance of time.
[0066] Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive
information
from, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may
be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware modules
exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal
transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two
or
more of the hardware modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware
modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications
between
such hardware modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and
retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware
modules have access. For example, one hardware module may perform an
operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which
it is
communicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a later time,
access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware
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modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can
operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).
[0067] The various operations of example methods described herein may be
performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily
configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the
relevant
operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may
constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more
operations or functions described herein. As used herein, "processor-
implemented
module" refers to a hardware module implemented using one or more processors.
[0068] Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially
processor-implemented, a processor being an example of hardware. For example,
at
least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more
processors or processor-implemented modules. As used herein, "processor-
implemented module" refers to a hardware module in which the hardware includes
one or more processors. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate
to
support performance of the relevant operations in a "cloud computing"
environment
or as a "software as a service" (SaaS). For example, at least some of the
operations
may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including
processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the
Internet)
and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an application program
interface
(API)).
[0069] The performance of certain operations may be distributed among
the
one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but
deployed
across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the one or more
processors or processor-implemented modules may be located in a single
geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment,
or a
server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or
processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic
locations.
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[0070] Some portions of the subject matter discussed herein may be
presented
in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data
stored as
bits or binary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computer
memory).
Such algorithms or symbolic representations are examples of techniques used by
those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of
their
work to others skilled in the art. As used herein, an "algorithm" is a self-
consistent
sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In
this
context, algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation of physical
quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take the form
of
electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, accessed,
transferred,
combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated by a machine. It is convenient at
times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using
words
such as "data," "content," "bits," "values," "elements," "symbols,"
"characters,"
"terms," "numbers," "numerals," or the like. These words, however, are merely
convenient labels and are to be associated with appropriate physical
quantities.
[0071] Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using
words
such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," "presenting,"
"displaying," or the like may refer to actions or processes of a machine
(e.g., a
computer) that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical (e.g.,
electronic, magnetic, or optical) quantities within one or more memories
(e.g.,
volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or any suitable combination thereof),
registers, or other machine components that receive, store, transmit, or
display
information. Furthermore, unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "a"
or
"an" are herein used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more
than one instance. Finally, as used herein, the conjunction "or" refers to a
non-
exclusive "or," unless specifically stated otherwise.
[0072] Although an overview of the inventive subject matter has been
described with reference to specific example embodiments, various
modifications
and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the
broader
scope of embodiments of the present invention. Such embodiments of the
inventive
subject matter may be referred to herein, individually or collectively, by the
term
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"invention" merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit
the
scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept if more
than
one is, in fact, disclosed.
[0073] The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient
detail to
enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other
embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and
logical
substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this
disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a
limiting
sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended
claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims arc
entitled.
[0074] As used herein, the term "or" may be construed in either an
inclusive
or exclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources,
operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally,
boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data
stores
arc somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations arc illustrated in a context
of
specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are
envisioned
and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
In
general, structures and functionality presented as separate resources in the
example
configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or resource.
Similarly,
structures and functionality presented as a single resource may be implemented
as
separate resources. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and
improvements fall within a scope of embodiments of the present invention as
represented by the appended claims. The specification and drawings are,
accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive
sense.
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