Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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SIGNAL BOOSTER WITH SPECTRALLY ADJACENT BANDS
BACKGROUND
[0001] Signal boosters and repeaters can be used to increase the quality of
wireless
communication between a wireless device and a wireless communication access
point,
such as a cell tower. Signal boosters can improve the quality of the wireless
communication by amplifying, filtering, and/or applying other processing
techniques to
uplink and downlink signals communicated between the wireless device and the
wireless
communication access point.
[0002] As an example, the signal booster can receive, via an antenna, downlink
signals
from the wireless communication access point. The signal booster can amplify
the
downlink signal and then provide an amplified downlink signal to the wireless
device. In
other words, the signal booster can act as a relay between the wireless device
and the
wireless communication access point. As a result, the wireless device can
receive a
stronger signal from the wireless communication access point. Similarly,
uplink signals
from the wireless device (e.g., telephone calls and other data) can be
directed to the signal
booster. The signal booster can amplify the uplink signals before
communicating, via an
antenna, the uplink signals to the wireless communication access point.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the
detailed
description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, which
together illustrate, by way of example, features of the disclosure; and,
wherein:
[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a signal booster in communication with a wireless
device and a
base station in accordance with an example;
[0005] FIG 2 illustrates frequency ranges for a plurality of uplink and
downlink bands in
accordance with an example;
[0006] FIG. 3 illustrates a signal booster that includes uplink and/or
downlink signal
paths in spectrally adjacent bands in accordance with an example;
[0007] FIG. 4 illustrates a signal booster in accordance with an example;
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[0008] FIG. 5 illustrates a signal booster in accordance with an example;
[0009] FIG 6 illustrates a cellular signal booster in accordance with an
example;
[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates a signal booster in accordance with an example;
[0011] FIG 8 illustrates a triplexer in accordance with an example;
[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates a signal booster in accordance with an example;
[0013] FIG 10 illustrates a signal booster that includes uplink and/or
downlink signal
paths in spectrally adjacent bands in accordance with an example;
[0014] FIG. 11 illustrates frequency ranges for a 600 megahertz (MHz) band in
accordance with an example;
[0015] FIG 12 illustrates a signal booster that includes uplink and/or
downlink signal
paths in spectrally adjacent bands in accordance with an example;
[0016] FIG 13 illustrates a signal booster that includes uplink and/or
downlink signal
paths in spectrally adjacent bands in accordance with an example;
[0017] FIG 14 illustrates a signal booster that is operable in a wideband mode
or a
channelized mode in accordance with an example;
[0018] FIG 15 illustrates a signal booster that is operable in a wideband mode
or a
channelized mode in accordance with an example; and
[0019] FIG 16 illustrates a wireless device in accordance with an example.
[0020] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated,
and
specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will
nevertheless be
understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby
intended.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Before the present invention is disclosed and described, it is to be
understood that
this invention is not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or
materials
disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be
recognized by those
ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that
terminology
employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only
and is not
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intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different drawings
represent the
same element. Numbers provided in flow charts and processes are provided for
clarity in
illustrating steps and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular
order or
sequence.
EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0022] An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided below and
then
specific technology embodiments are described in further detail later. This
initial
summary is intended to aid readers in understanding the technology more
quickly but is
not intended to identify key features or essential features of the technology
nor is it
intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 120 in communication
with a
wireless device 110 and a base station 130. The signal booster 120 can be
referred to as a
repeater. A repeater can be an electronic device used to amplify (or boost)
signals. The
signal booster 120 (also referred to as a cellular signal amplifier) can
improve the quality
of wireless communication by amplifying, filtering, and/or applying other
processing
techniques via a signal amplifier 122 to uplink signals communicated from the
wireless
device 110 to the base station 130 and/or downlink signals communicated from
the base
station 130 to the wireless device 110. In other words, the signal booster 120
can amplify
or boost uplink signals and/or downlink signals bi-directionally. In one
example, the
signal booster 120 can be at a fixed location, such as in a home or office.
Alternatively,
the signal booster 120 can be attached to a mobile object, such as a vehicle
or a wireless
device 110.
[0024] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can include an integrated
device
antenna 124 (e.g., an inside antenna or a coupling antenna) and an integrated
node
antenna 126 (e.g., an outside antenna). The integrated node antenna 126 can
receive the
downlink signal from the base station 130. The downlink signal can be provided
to the
signal amplifier 122 via a second coaxial cable 127 or other type of radio
frequency
connection operable to communicate radio frequency signals. The signal
amplifier 122
can include one or more cellular signal amplifiers for amplification and
filtering. The
downlink signal that has been amplified and filtered can be provided to the
integrated
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device antenna 124 via a first coaxial cable 125 or other type of radio
frequency
connection operable to communicate radio frequency signals. The integrated
device
antenna 124 can wirelessly communicate the downlink signal that has been
amplified and
filtered to the wireless device 110.
[0025] Similarly, the integrated device antenna 124 can receive an uplink
signal from the
wireless device 110. The uplink signal can be provided to the signal amplifier
122 via the
first coaxial cable 125 or other type of radio frequency connection operable
to
communicate radio frequency signals. The signal amplifier 122 can include one
or more
cellular signal amplifiers for amplification and filtering. The uplink signal
that has been
amplified and filtered can be provided to the integrated node antenna 126 via
the second
coaxial cable 127 or other type of radio frequency connection operable to
communicate
radio frequency signals. The integrated device antenna 126 can communicate the
uplink
signal that has been amplified and filtered to the base station 130.
[0026] In one example, the signal booster 120 can filter the uplink and
downlink signals
using any suitable analog or digital filtering technology including, but not
limited to,
surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters, film
bulk acoustic
resonator (FBAR) filters, ceramic filters, waveguide filters or low-
temperature co-fired
ceramic (LTCC) filters.
[0027] In one example, the signal booster 120 can send uplink signals to a
node and/or
receive downlink signals from the node. The node can comprise a wireless wide
area
network (WWAN) access point (AP), a base station (BS), an evolved Node B
(eNB), a
baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment
(RRE), a
relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a
central
processing module (CPM), or another type of WWAN access point.
[0028] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 used to amplify the uplink
and/or a
downlink signal is a handheld booster. The handheld booster can be implemented
in a
sleeve of the wireless device 110. The wireless device sleeve can be attached
to the
wireless device 110, but can be removed as needed. In this configuration, the
signal
booster 120 can automatically power down or cease amplification when the
wireless
device 110 approaches a particular base station. In other words, the signal
booster 120 can
determine to stop performing signal amplification when the quality of uplink
and/or
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downlink signals is above a defined threshold based on a location of the
wireless device
110 in relation to the base station 130.
[0029] In one example, the signal booster 120 can include a battery to provide
power to
various components, such as the signal amplifier 122, the integrated device
antenna 124
and the integrated node antenna 126. The battery can also power the wireless
device 110
(e.g., phone or tablet). Alternatively, the signal booster 120 can receive
power from the
wireless device 110.
[0030] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can be a Federal
Communications
Commission (FCC)-compatible consumer signal booster. As a non-limiting
example, the
signal booster 120 can be compatible with FCC Part 20 or 47 Code of Federal
Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 20.21 (March 21, 2013). In addition, the signal
booster 120 can
operate on the frequencies used for the provision of subscriber-based services
under parts
22 (Cellular), 24 (Broadband PCS), 27 (AWS-1, 700 MHz Lower A-E Blocks, and
700
MHz Upper C Block), and 90 (Specialized Mobile Radio) of 47 C.F.R. The signal
booster
120 can be configured to automatically self-monitor its operation to ensure
compliance
with applicable noise and gain limits. The signal booster 120 can either self-
correct or
shut down automatically if the signal booster's operations violate the
regulations defined
in FCC Part 20.21.
[0031] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can improve the wireless
connection
between the wireless device 110 and the base station 130 (e.g., cell tower) or
another type
of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point (AP). The signal booster 120
can
boost signals for cellular standards, such as the Third Generation Partnership
Project
(3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13 standards or
Institute
of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.16. In one configuration,
the signal
booster 120 can boost signals for 3GPP LTE Release 13Ø0 (March 2016) or
other
desired releases. The signal booster 120 can boost signals from the 3GPP
Technical
Specification 36.101 (Release 12 Jun 2015) bands or LTE frequency bands. For
example,
the signal booster 120 can boost signals from the LTE frequency bands: 2, 4,
5, 12, 13,
17, and 25. In addition, the signal booster 120 can boost selected frequency
bands based
on the country or region in which the signal booster is used, including any of
bands 1-70
or other bands, as disclosed in ETSI T5136 104 V13.5.0 (2016-10).
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[0032] The number of LTE frequency bands and the level of signal improvement
can vary
based on a particular wireless device, cellular node, or location. Additional
domestic and
international frequencies can also be included to offer increased
functionality. Selected
models of the signal booster 120 can be configured to operate with selected
frequency
bands based on the location of use. In another example, the signal booster 120
can
automatically sense from the wireless device 110 or base station 130 (or GPS,
etc.) which
frequencies are used, which can be a benefit for international travelers.
[0033] In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 and the integrated
node antenna
126 can be comprised of a single antenna, an antenna array, or have a
telescoping form-
factor. In another example, the integrated device antenna 124 and the
integrated node
antenna 126 can be a microchip antenna. An example of a microchip antenna is
AMMAL001. In yet another example, the integrated device antenna 124 and the
integrated node antenna 126 can be a printed circuit board (PCB) antenna. An
example of
a PCB antenna is TE 2118310-1.
[0034] In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 can receive uplink
(UL) signals
from the wireless device 110 and transmit DL signals to the wireless device
110 using a
single antenna. Alternatively, the integrated device antenna 124 can receive
UL signals
from the wireless device 110 using a dedicated UL antenna, and the integrated
device
antenna 124 can transmit DL signals to the wireless device 110 using a
dedicated DL
antenna.
[0035] In one example, the integrated device antenna 124 can communicate with
the
wireless device 110 using near field communication. Alternatively, the
integrated device
antenna 124 can communicate with the wireless device 110 using far field
communication.
[0036] In one example, the integrated node antenna 126 can receive downlink
(DL)
signals from the base station 130 and transmit uplink (UL) signals to the base
station 130
via a single antenna. Alternatively, the integrated node antenna 126 can
receive DL
signals from the base station 130 using a dedicated DL antenna, and the
integrated node
antenna 126 can transmit UL signals to the base station 130 using a dedicated
UL
antenna.
[0037] In one configuration, multiple signal boosters can be used to amplify
UL and DL
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signals. For example, a first signal booster can be used to amplify UL signals
and a
second signal booster can be used to amplify DL signals. In addition,
different signal
boosters can be used to amplify different frequency ranges.
[0038] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can be configured to
identify when
the wireless device 110 receives a relatively strong downlink signal. An
example of a
strong downlink signal can be a downlink signal with a signal strength greater
than
approximately -80dBm. The signal booster 120 can be configured to
automatically turn
off selected features, such as amplification, to conserve battery life. When
the signal
booster 120 senses that the wireless device 110 is receiving a relatively weak
downlink
.. signal, the integrated booster can be configured to provide amplification
of the downlink
signal. An example of a weak downlink signal can be a downlink signal with a
signal
strength less than -80dBm.
[0039] In one example, the signal booster 120 can also include one or more of:
a
waterproof casing, a shock absorbent casing, a flip-cover, a wallet, or extra
memory
storage for the wireless device. In one example, extra memory storage can be
achieved
with a direct connection between the signal booster 120 and the wireless
device 110. In
another example, Near-Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth
Low
Energy, Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Bluetooth 5, Ultra High Frequency
(UHF), 3GPP
LTE, Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE
802.11b,
IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, or IEEE 802.11ad can be used to
couple
the signal booster 120 with the wireless device 110 to enable data from the
wireless
device 110 to be communicated to and stored in the extra memory storage that
is
integrated in the signal booster 120. Alternatively, a connector can be used
to connect the
wireless device 110 to the extra memory storage.
[0040] In one example, the signal booster 120 can include photovoltaic cells
or solar
panels as a technique of charging the integrated battery and/or a battery of
the wireless
device 110. In another example, the signal booster 120 can be configured to
communicate
directly with other wireless devices with signal boosters. In one example, the
integrated
node antenna 126 can communicate over Very High Frequency (VHF) communications
directly with integrated node antennas of other signal boosters. The signal
booster 120
can be configured to communicate with the wireless device 110 through a direct
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connection, Near-Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low
Energy,
Bluetooth v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE,
Institute of
Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE
802.11g, IEEE
802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, a TV White Space Band (TVWS), or any
other
industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band. Examples of such ISM
bands include
2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, or 5.9 GHz. This configuration can allow
data to
pass at high rates between multiple wireless devices with signal boosters.
This
configuration can also allow users to send text messages, initiate phone
calls, and engage
in video communications between wireless devices with signal boosters. In one
example,
the integrated node antenna 126 can be configured to couple to the wireless
device 110. In
other words, communications between the integrated node antenna 126 and the
wireless
device 110 can bypass the integrated booster.
[0041] In another example, a separate VHF node antenna can be configured to
communicate over VHF communications directly with separate VHF node antennas
of
other signal boosters. This configuration can allow the integrated node
antenna 126 to be
used for simultaneous cellular communications. The separate VHF node antenna
can be
configured to communicate with the wireless device 110 through a direct
connection,
Near-Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth v4.0, Bluetooth Low Energy,
Bluetooth
v4.1, Bluetooth v4.2, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), 3GPP LTE, Institute of
Electronics
and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE
802.11n,
IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, a TV White Space Band (TVWS), or any other
industrial,
scientific and medical (ISM) radio band.
[0042] In one configuration, the signal booster 120 can be configured for
satellite
communication. In one example, the integrated node antenna 126 can be
configured to act
as a satellite communication antenna. In another example, a separate node
antenna can be
used for satellite communications. The signal booster 120 can extend the range
of
coverage of the wireless device 110 configured for satellite communication.
The
integrated node antenna 126 can receive downlink signals from satellite
communications
for the wireless device 110. The signal booster 120 can filter and amplify the
downlink
signals from the satellite communication. In another example, during satellite
communications, the wireless device 110 can be configured to couple to the
signal
booster 120 via a direct connection or an ISM radio band. Examples of such ISM
bands
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include 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, or 5.9 GHz.
[0043] FIG 2 illustrates exemplary frequency ranges for a plurality of uplink
and
downlink bands. The frequency ranges can be measured in megahertz (MHz). The
uplink
bands can include band 12 (B12), band 13 (B13) and band 14 (B14). The downlink
bands
can include band 12 (B12), band 13 (B13) and band 14 (B14). As shown, B12 can
correspond to a frequency range of 699 MHz to 716 MHz in an uplink. B12 can
correspond to a frequency range of 729 MHz to 746 MHz in a downlink, B13 can
correspond to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz in the downlink, and B14
can
correspond to a frequency range of 758 MHz to 768 MHz in the downlink. B12,
B13 and
B14 can be spectrally adjacent bands in the downlink. In addition, B13 can
correspond to
a frequency range of 777 MHz to 787 MHz in the uplink, and B14 can correspond
to a
frequency range of 788 MHz to 798 MHz in the uplink. B13 and B14 can be
spectrally
adjacent bands in the downlink.
[0044] FIG 3 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 300. The signal booster
300 can
include one or more uplink signal paths for selected bands, and the signal
booster 300 can
include one or more downlink signal paths for selected bands. The uplink
signal paths can
include one or more amplifiers and band pass filters to amplify uplink
signals. Similarly,
the downlink signal paths can include one or more amplifiers and band pass
filters to
amplify downlink signals.
[0045] In the example shown in FIG 3, the signal booster 300 can have a first
uplink
signal path 330 for band 12 (B12) and a second uplink signal path 340 for B13
and B14.
In uplink, B12 corresponds to a frequency range of 699 megahertz (MHz) to 716
MHz,
B13 corresponds to a frequency range of 777 MHz to 787 MHz, and B14
corresponds to a
frequency range of 788 MHz to 798 MHz. In the uplink, B13 and B14 can be
spectrally
adjacent bands. In addition, in this example, the signal booster 300 can have
a downlink
signal path 350 for B12, B13 and B14. In other words, the downlink signal path
350 can
be a combined downlink signal path for B12, B13 and B14. In downlink, B12
corresponds to a frequency range of 729 MHz to 746 MHz, B13 corresponds to a
frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz, and B14 corresponds to a frequency
range of
758 MHz to 768 MHz. In the downlink, B12, B13 and B14 are all spectrally
adjacent to
each other. Even though there is a 2 MHz gap between an end of B13 DL and a
start of
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B14 DL (e.g., 756 MHz and 758 MHz), B13 DL and B14 DL can be considered
spectrally
adjacent to each other since an RF filter may be unable to roll-off quickly
enough to
separate the two bands.
[0046] In one example, the signal booster 300 can receive uplink signals from
a mobile
device (not shown) via an inside antenna coupled to the signal booster 300. An
uplink
signal can pass through a first triplexer 310 (or first multiband filter), and
then the uplink
signal can be provided to the first uplink signal path 330 for B12 or the
second uplink
signal path 340 for B13 and B14. The first and second uplink signal paths 330,
340 can
perform amplification and filtering of the uplink signal. The first and second
uplink signal
paths 330, 340 can each include a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a power
amplifier (PA).
The uplink signal can be provided to a second triplexer 320 (or second
multiband filter),
and then the uplink signal can be provided to a base station (not shown) via
an outside
antenna coupled to the signal booster 300.
[0047] In another example, the signal booster 300 can receive downlink signals
from the
base station via the outside antenna. A downlink signal can pass through the
second
triplexer 320 (or second multiband filter), and then the downlink signal can
be provided
to the combined downlink signal path 350 for B12, B13 and B14. The combined
downlink signal path 350 can perform amplification and filtering of the
downlink signal.
The combined downlink signal path 350 can include a low noise amplifier (LNA)
and a
power amplifier (PA). The downlink signal can be provided to the first
triplexer 310 (or
first multiband filter), and then the downlink signal can be provided to the
mobile device
via the inside antenna.
[0048] In one configuration, the signal booster 300 can include a controller
360.
Generally speaking, the controller 360 can be configured to perform network
protection
for the signal booster 300. The controller 360 can perform network protection
in
accordance with Part 20 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Consumer
Booster Rules. The FCC Consumer Booster Rules necessitate that uplink signal
paths and
downlink signal are to work together for network protection. Network
protection can be
performed in order to protect a cellular network from overload or noise floor
increase.
The controller 360 can perform network protection by adjusting a gain or noise
power for
each band in the uplink transmission paths 330, 340 based on control
information from
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each band in the downlink transmission paths 350. The control information from
each
band in the downlink transmission paths 350 can include a received signal
strength
indication (RSSI) associated with downlink received signals. In other words,
based on the
RSSI of the downlink received signals traveling on the downlink transmission
paths 350,
the controller 360 can adjust (i.e., increase or decrease) the gain or noise
power for the
uplink transmission paths 330, 340. By adjusting the gain or noise floor when
performing
the network protection, the signal booster 300 can prevent the network (e.g.,
base
stations) from becoming overloaded with uplink signals from the signal booster
300 that
exceed a defined threshold.
[0049] In the example shown in FIG. 3, the controller 360 can separately
detect control
information (e.g., RSSI) for downlink received signals with respect to B12,
B13 and B14.
In other words, the signal booster 300 can detect control information that
pertains only to
downlink received signals for B12, the signal booster 300 can detect control
information
that pertains only to downlink received signals for B13, and the signal
booster 300 can
detect control information that pertains only to downlink received signals for
B14. The
controller 360 can adjust the uplink gain or noise floor for B12 (i.e., the
first uplink signal
path 330) based only on the control information for the downlink received
signals on
B12. The controller 360 can adjust the uplink gain or noise floor for B13 and
B14 (i.e.,
the second uplink signal path 340) based only on the control information for
the downlink
received signals on B13 or B14. In other words, the uplink gain or noise power
for B12
(i.e., the first uplink signal path 330) can be controlled independent of the
uplink gain or
noise power for B13 and B14 (i.e., the second uplink signal path 340).
[0050] More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the signal booster 300 can
include a
switchable B12 downlink band pass filter, a switchable B13 downlink bandpass
filter, a
switchable B14 downlink bandpass filter, and a signal detector. The signal
detector can be
communicatively coupled to the switchable B12 downlink band pass filter, the
switchable
B13 downlink band pass filter and the switchable B14 downlink band pass
filter. The
B12, B13 and B14 downlink bandpass filters can be switched in and out, such
that
downlink received signals for B12, B13 or B14 can be provided to the signal
detector.
The signal detector can be a log detector (e.g., a diode), and the signal
detector can detect
the control information (e.g., RSSI) associated with the downlink received
signals for
B12, B13 or B14. In other words, the switchable B12, B13 and B14 downlink band
pass
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filters can enable the signal detector to separately detect the control
information for
downlink received signals for B12, B13 and B14. The signal detector can
provide the
control information to the controller 360. Based only on the control
information for
downlink received signals for B12, the controller 360 can adjust the uplink
gain or noise
.. floor for B12 (i.e., the first uplink signal path 330). Similarly, based
only on the control
information for downlink received signals for B13 or B14, the controller 360
can adjust
the uplink gain or noise floor for B13 and B14 (i.e., the second uplink signal
path 340).
[0051] In general, using the signal detector, the controller 360 can detect
single downlink
bands while multiple downlink bands are passing through a common downlink
signal
path. With respect to the specific example shown in FIG 3, the controller 360
can perform
independent detection of control information for B12, B13 and B14, even though
the
signal booster 300 has a combined downlink signal path for B12, B13 and B14.
[0052] In an alternative configuration, the signal booster 300 can include a
first signal
detector, a second signal detector and a third signal detector. The first
signal detector can
detect control information (e.g., RSSI) associated with a received downlink
signal for
B12. The second signal detector can detect control information (e.g., RSSI)
associated
with a received downlink signal for B13. The third signal detector can detect
control
information (e.g., RSSI) associated with a received downlink signal for B14.
Therefore, in
this configuration, separate signal detectors can be utilized to detect the
control
information for the multiple downlink bands.
[0053] In one configuration, the downlink signal path 350 can include a pass
through
signal path to the signal detector. The pass through signal path can bypass
the switchable
B12, B13 and B14 downlink band pass filters. The signal detector can measure a
signal
power level for the pass through signal path. The signal power level can be
utilized to
perform automatic gain control (AGC) and to maintain a linearity of a downlink
signal.
Alternatively, a signal power level for each of the switchable B12, B13 and
B14 downlink
band pass filters can be measured and added to calculate a total signal power
level.
[0054] In one configuration, the first triplexer 310 can include a first
common port
communicatively coupled to the inside antenna. The first triplexer 310 can
include a first
port that is communicatively coupled to the first uplink signal path 330 for
B12. The first
triplexer 310 can include a second port that is communicatively coupled to the
second
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uplink signal path 340 for B13 and B14. The first triplexer 310 can include a
third port
that is communicatively coupled to the combined downlink signal path 350 for
B12, B13
and B14. Similarly, the second triplexer 320 can include a second common port
communicatively coupled to the outside antenna. The second triplexer 320 can
include a
first port that is communicatively coupled to the first uplink signal path 330
for B12. The
second triplexer 320 can include a second port that is communicatively coupled
to the
second uplink signal path 340 for B13 and B14. The second triplexer 320 can
include a
third port that is communicatively coupled to the combined downlink signal
path 350 for
B12, B13 and B14.
[0055] In one configuration, the first triplexer 310 and the second triplexer
320 can
include separate filters for B12 UL, B13 UL and/or B14 UL. Similarly, the
first triplexer
310 and the second triplexer 320 can include separate filters for B12 DL, B13
DL and/or
B14 DL. The filters can filter UL or DL signals, respectively.
[0056] In one configuration, the signal booster 300 can include a first
multiband filter and
a second multiband filter. The first and second multiband filters can be
single-input
single-output (SISO) multiband filters or double-input single-output (DISO)
multiband
filters. In this configuration, the first multiband filter and the second
multiband filter can
replace the first triplexer 310 and the second triplexer 320, respectively.
The first
multiband filter can include a first uplink port and a first downlink port.
The second
multiband filter can include a second uplink port and a second downlink port.
One or
more uplink signal paths 330, 340 can be communicatively coupled between the
first
uplink port in the first multiband filter and the second uplink port in the
second multiband
filter. Similarly, one or more downlink signal paths 350 can be
communicatively coupled
between the first downlink port in the first multiband filter and the second
downlink port
in the second multiband filter. In this configuration, each of the first and
second
multiband filters can include a single downlink port and a single uplink port.
[0057] FIG 4 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 400. The signal booster
400 can
include a first triplexer 410. The signal booster 400 can include a second
triplexer 420.
The signal booster 400 can include a first uplink signal path 430
communicatively
coupled between the first triplexer 410 and the second triplexer 420. The
first uplink
signal path 430 can include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass
filters, and
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the first signal path 430 can be configured to amplify and filter uplink
signals in a first
uplink band. The signal booster 400 can include a second uplink signal path
440
communicatively coupled between the first triplexer 410 and the second
triplexer 420.
The second uplink signal path 440 can include one or more amplifiers and one
or more
band pass filters, and the second signal path 440 can be configured to amplify
and filter
uplink signals in one or more of a second uplink band or a third uplink band
that is
spectrally adjacent to the second uplink band. The signal booster 400 can
include a
downlink signal path 450 communicatively coupled between the first triplexer
410 and
the second triplexer 420. The downlink signal path 450 can include one or more
amplifiers and one or more band pass filters configured to amplify and filter
downlink
signals in one or more of a first downlink band, a second downlink band or a
third
downlink band, and the first downlink band, the second downlink band and the
third
downlink band can be spectrally adjacent bands. A signal detector can also be
used to
detect the first, second, or third downlink bands using switchable bandpass
filters to pass
selected bands to the signal detector. In one configuration, the downlink
signal path can
include a pass through signal path to the signal detector.
[0058] FIG 5 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 500. The signal booster
500 can
include a first triplexer 510. The signal booster 500 can include a second
triplexer 520.
The signal booster 500 can include a downlink signal path 530 communicatively
coupled
between the first triplexer 510 and the second triplexer 520. The downlink
signal path 530
can include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass filters
configured to
amplify and filter downlink signals in one or more of a first downlink band, a
second
downlink band or a third downlink band, and the first downlink band, the
second
downlink band and the third downlink band can be spectrally adjacent bands.
[0059] FIG 6 illustrates an exemplary cellular signal booster 600. The
cellular signal
booster 600 can include a downlink cellular signal path 630 configured to
amplify and
filter a downlink cellular signal received in a first downlink band, a second
downlink
band or a third downlink band, and the first downlink band, the second
downlink band
and the third downlink band can be spectrally adjacent bands. The cellular
signal booster
600 can include a controller 640 operable to perform network protection by
adjusting an
uplink gain or noise power for a first uplink band in a first uplink cellular
signal path, or
for a second uplink band and a third uplink band in a second uplink cellular
signal path.
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The second uplink band can be spectrally adjacent to the third uplink band,
and the uplink
gain or noise power can be adjusted in the first uplink cellular path or the
second uplink
cellular path using control information associated with the downlink cellular
signal
received in one or more of the first downlink band, the second downlink band
or the third
downlink band.
[0060] FIG 7 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 700. The signal booster
700 can
include a first triplexer 710. The signal booster 700 can include a second
triplexer 720.
The signal booster 700 can include a first direction signal path 730
communicatively
coupled between the first triplexer 710 and the second triplexer 720. The
first direction
signal path 730 can include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass
filters, and
the first direction signal path 730 can be configured to amplify and filter
first direction
signals in one or more first direction bands, and the one or more first
direction bands can
be spectrally adjacent bands. The signal booster 700 can include a second
direction signal
path 740 communicatively coupled between the first triplexer 710 and the
second
triplexer 720. The second direction signal path 740 can include one or more
amplifiers
and one or more band pass filters configured to amplify and filter second
direction signals
in one or more second direction bands, and the one or more second direction
bands can be
spectrally adjacent bands.
[0061] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary triplexer 800 in a signal booster. The
triplexer 800
can include one or more first direction filters 810 configured to filter first
direction
signals in one or more first direction bands, and the one or more first
direction bands can
be spectrally adjacent bands. The triplexer 800 can include one or more second
direction
filters 820 configured to filter second direction signals in one or more
second direction
bands, and the one or more second direction bands can be spectrally adjacent
bands.
[0062] FIG 9 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 900. The signal booster
900 can
include a first multiband filter 910 that includes a first first-direction
port and a first
second-direction port. The signal booster 900 can include a second multiband
filter 920
that includes a second first-direction port and a second second-direction
port. The first
multiband filter 910 and the second multiband filter 920 can include four or
more filters.
The four or more filters can include first direction filters and/or second
direction filters.
Each signal path can be associated with a selected first direction filter or
second direction
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filter of the four or more filters. The signal booster 900 can include one or
more first
direction signal paths 930 communicatively coupled between the first first-
direction port
in the first multiband filter 910 and the second first-direction port in the
second multiband
filter 920. The signal booster 900 can include one or more second direction
signal paths
940 communicatively coupled between the first second-direction port in the
first
multiband filter 910 and the second second-direction port in the second
multiband filter
920.
[0063] FIG 10 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 1000 that includes
uplink and/or
downlink signal paths in spectrally adjacent bands. The signal booster 1000
can include a
first multiband filter 1010 and a second multiband filter 1020. The first
multiband filter
1010 can be communicatively coupled to an inside antenna and the second
multiband
filter 1020 can be communicatively coupled to an outside antenna. The signal
booster
1000 can include a first uplink signal path 1030 and a second uplink signal
path 1040
communicatively coupled between the first multiband filter 1010 and the second
multiband filter 1020. The first uplink signal path 1030 and the second uplink
signal path
1040 can each include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass
filters.
Similarly, the signal booster 1000 can include a first downlink signal path
1050 and a
second downlink signal path 1060 communicatively coupled between the first
multiband
filter 1010 and the second multiband filter 1020. The first downlink signal
path 1050 and
the second downlink signal path 1060 can each include one or more amplifiers
and one or
more band pass filters. Each signal path (downlink and uplink) can include a
signal
detector to detect control information associated with signals transmitted on
the signal
path. In addition, the signal booster 900 can employ down-converting, and then
either an
analog intermediate frequency (IF) filter or digital filter.
[0064] In this example, the first uplink signal path 1030 can be for band 12
(B 12) and the
600 MHz uplink frequency range. In other words, the first uplink signal path
1030 can be
a combined signal path for B 1 2 and 600 MHz. In uplink, B 1 2 corresponds to
a frequency
range of 699 megahertz (MHz) to 716 MHz, so B 1 2 and the 600 MHz frequency
range
are spectrally adjacent. In this example, the second uplink signal path 1040
can be for
B 1 2. In uplink, B 1 3 corresponds to a frequency range of 777 MHz to 787
MHz. In this
example, the first downlink signal path 1050 can be for B 1 2 and B 1 3 . In
other words, the
first downlink signal path 1050 can be a combined signal path for B 1 2 and B
1 3 . In
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downlink, B12 corresponds to a frequency range of 729 MHz to 746 MHz and B13
corresponds to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz, so B12 and B13 are
spectrally
adjacent to each other in the downlink. Alternatively, the first downlink
signal path 1050
can be a combined signal path for B12, B13 and B14, which are all spectrally
adjacent to
each other in the downlink. In this example, the second downlink signal path
1060 can be
for the 600 MHz downlink frequency range.
[0065] In an alternative configuration, first uplink signal path 1030 can be
for B12 and
the 600 MHz uplink frequency range, and the second uplink signal path 1040 can
be for
B13 and a band 14 (B14). In uplink, B14 corresponds to a frequency range of
788 MHz to
798 MHz. In addition, the first downlink signal path 1050 can be for B12, B13
and B14,
and the second downlink signal path 1060 can be for the 600 MHz downlink
frequency
range. In downlink B14 corresponds to a frequency range of 758 MHz to 768 MHz.
[0066] FIG. 11 exemplary frequency ranges for a 600 megahertz (MHz) frequency
band.
As shown, a band 12 (B12) uplink (UL) band corresponds to a frequency range of
699
MHz to 716 MHz. A 600 MHz UL band can be spectrally adjacent to the B12 UL
band.
The 600 MHz UL band can range from a defined frequency range (e.g., 6,0( MHz
to
6XX MHz). A 600 MHz downlink (DL) band can have a lower frequency than the 600
MHz UL band, and the 600 MHz DL band and the 600 MHz UL band can be separated
by
a guard band (GB). The 600 MHz DL band can range from a defined frequency
range
(e.g., 6XX MHz to 6,0( MHz). In addition, a radio astronomy service (RAS) can
correspond to a frequency range of 608 MHz to 614 MHz. In one example, 84 MHz
of
the 600 MHz frequency band can be utilized for uplink and downlink traffic.
Therefore, 7
paired blocks and the RAS may not be utilized for uplink and downlink traffic
in the 600
MHz frequency band.
[0067] FIG 12 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 1200 that includes
uplink and/or
downlink signal paths in spectrally adjacent bands. The signal booster 1200
can include a
first multiband filter 1210 (e.g., a first triplexer) and a second multiband
filter 1220 (e.g.,
a second triplexer). The first multiband filter 1210 can be communicatively
coupled to an
inside antenna and the second multiband filter 1220 can be communicatively
coupled to
an outside antenna. The signal booster 1200 can include a first uplink signal
path 1230
and a second uplink signal path 1240 communicatively coupled between the first
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multiband filter 1210 and the second multiband filter 1220. The first uplink
signal path
1230 and the second uplink signal path 1240 can each include one or more
amplifiers and
one or more band pass filters. In addition, the signal booster 1200 can
include a combined
downlink signal path 1250 communicatively coupled between the first multiband
filter
1210 and the second multiband filter 1220. The combined downlink signal path
1250 can
include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass filters.
[0068] In this example, the first uplink signal path 1230 can be for B12 and
the second
uplink signal path 1240 can be for B13. In this example, the combined downlink
signal
path 1250 can be for B12 and B13.
.. [0069] In one example, the combined downlink signal path 1250 can include a
switchable
B12 downlink band pass filter, a switchable B13 downlink bandpass filter, a
switchable
B12/B13 downlink bandpass filter, and a signal detector. The signal detector
can be
communicatively coupled to the switchable B12 downlink band pass filter, the
switchable
B13 downlink band pass filter and the switchable B12/B13 downlink band pass
filter. The
B12, B13 and B12/B13 downlink bandpass filters can be switched in and out,
such that
downlink received signals for B12, B13 or B12/B13 can be provided to the
signal
detector. The signal detector can be a log detector (e.g., a diode), and the
signal detector
can detect the control information (e.g., RSSI) associated with the downlink
received
signals for B12, B13 or B12/B13. In other words, the switchable B12, B13 and
B12/B13
downlink band pass filters can enable the signal detector to separately detect
the control
information for downlink received signals for B12, B13 and B12/B13.
[0070] In one example, the signal booster 1200 can operate in a wideband mode
or a
single-band mode (e.g., only one of B12 or B13). For example, to initiate a
single-band
mode, a selected uplink power amplifier (PA) can be turned off and a selected
downlink
.. bandpass filter (BPF) can be switched on. As a specific example, a B13 UL
PA can be
turned off and a B12 DL BPF can be switched on. For the wideband mode, a
wideband
BPF for downlink can be switched in and both UL Pas can be turned off
[0071] FIG 13 illustrates an exemplary signal booster 1300 that includes
uplink and/or
downlink signal paths in spectrally adjacent bands. The signal booster 1300
can include a
first multiband filter 1310 (e.g., a first triplexer) and a second multiband
filter 1320 (e.g.,
a second triplexer). The first multiband filter 1310 can be communicatively
coupled to an
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inside antenna and the second multiband filter 1320 can be communicatively
coupled to
an outside antenna. The signal booster 1300 can include a first uplink signal
path 1330
and a second uplink signal path 1340 communicatively coupled between the first
multiband filter 1310 and the second multiband filter 1320. The first uplink
signal path
1330 and the second uplink signal path 1340 can each include one or more
amplifiers and
one or more band pass filters. In addition, the signal booster 1300 can
include a combined
downlink signal path 1350 communicatively coupled between the first multiband
filter
1310 and the second multiband filter 1320. The combined downlink signal path
1350 can
include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass filters.
100721 In this example, the first uplink signal path 1330 can be for B12 and
B17 and the
second uplink signal path 1340 can be for B13. In the uplink, B12 corresponds
to a
frequency range of 699 MHz to 716 MHz and B17 corresponds to a frequency range
of
704 MHz to 716 MHz. In this example, the combined downlink signal path 1350
can be
for B12 and B13 and B17. In downlink, B12 corresponds to a frequency range of
729
MHz to 746 MHz, B13 corresponds to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz and
B17 corresponds to a frequency range of 734 to 746 MHz. Therefore, the signal
booster
1300 can operate in a B12/B13 mode or a B17/B13 mode.
[0073] In one example, the first uplink signal path 1330 can include a
switchable B12
uplink band pass filter and a switchable B17 uplink bandpass filter. In
another example,
the combined downlink signal path 750 can include a switchable B12/B13
downlink band
pass filter, a switchable B17/B13 downlink bandpass filter, and a signal
detector. The
signal detector can be communicatively coupled to the switchable B12/B13
downlink
band pass filter and the switchable B17/B13 downlink band pass filter. The
B12/B13 and
B17/B13 downlink bandpass filters can be switched in and out, such that
downlink
received signals for B12/B13 or B17/B13 can be provided to the signal
detector. The
signal detector can be a log detector (e.g., a diode), and the signal detector
can detect the
control information (e.g., RSSI) associated with the downlink received signals
for
B12/B13 or B17/B13. In other words, the switchable B12/B13 and B17/B13
downlink
band pass filters can enable the signal detector to separately detect the
control information
for downlink received signals for B12/B13 and B17/B13.
[0074] In one configuration, the first uplink signal path 1330 and the second
uplink signal
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path 1340 can be controlled independently of the combined downlink signal path
1350,
which can provide additional flexibility in network protections and mitigate
near-far
problems.
[0075] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary signal booster that is operable in a
wideband
mode or a channelized mode. The signal booster 1400 can include a first
multiband filter
1410 (e.g., a first triplexer) and a second multiband filter 1420 (e.g., a
second triplexer).
The first multiband filter 1410 can be communicatively coupled to an inside
antenna and
the second multiband filter 1420 can be communicatively coupled to an outside
antenna.
The signal booster 1400 can include a first uplink signal path 1430 and a
second uplink
signal path 1440 communicatively coupled between the first multiband filter
1410 and the
second multiband filter 1420. The first uplink signal path 1430 and the second
uplink
signal path 1440 can each include one or more amplifiers and one or more band
pass
filters. In addition, the signal booster 1400 can include a combined downlink
signal path
1450 communicatively coupled between the first multiband filter 1410 and the
second
multiband filter 1420. The combined downlink signal path 1450 can include one
or more
amplifiers and one or more band pass filters.
[0076] In this example, the first uplink signal path 1430 can be for B12 and
the second
uplink signal path 1440 can be for B13. In this example, the combined downlink
signal
path 1450 can be for B12 and B13.
[0077] In one example, the first uplink signal path 1430 can include a
switchable B12
uplink band pass filter and a switchable B12 uplink channelized bandpass
filter. The
switchable B12 uplink band pass filter can be a wideband B12 uplink filter
(i.e., a
wideband filter that passes signals in the entire B12 uplink band), whereas
the switchable
B12 uplink channelized bandpass filter can be a channelized B12 uplink filter
(i.e., a
channelized filter that only passes signals in a portion of the B12 uplink
band). Similarly,
the second uplink signal path 1440 can include a switchable B13 uplink band
pass filter
and a switchable B13 uplink channelized bandpass filter.
[0078] In one example, the combined downlink signal path 1450 can include a
switchable
B12/B13 downlink band pass filter (i.e., a wideband filter that passes signals
in the entire
B12/B13 downlink band), a switchable B12 downlink channelized bandpass filter
(a
channelized filter that only passes signals in a portion of the B12 downlink
band), and a
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B13 downlink channelized bandpass filter (a channelized filter that only
passes signals in
a portion of the B13 downlink band). The combined downlink signal path 1450
can
include a splitter that provides signals to the switchable B12/B13 downlink
band pass
filter or the switchable B12 downlink channelized bandpass filter, or to the
B13 downlink
channelized bandpass filter. In addition, the combined downlink signal path
1450 can
include signal detector(s) that detect control information (e.g., RSSI)
associated with the
downlink received signals for B12/B13, a channelized B12 or a channelized B13,
respectively.
[0079] In one example, the signal booster 1400 can operate in a wideband mode
or a
parallel channelized mode, in which B12 UL and B13 UL can be adjusted
separately. In
the wideband mode, a wideband BPF for UL and DL can be switched in (i.e., the
B12 UL
BPF, the B13 UL BPF and the B12/13 DL BPF can be switched in), and in the DL,
a B13
DL channelized BPF can be disabled. In the parallel channelized mode, a
channelized
BPF for UL and DL can be switched in (i.e., the B12 UL channelized BPF, the
B13 UL
channelized BPF, and the B12 DL channelized BPF can be switched in, and in the
DL, the
B13 DL channelized BPF can be enabled. In another example, B12 and B13 in the
uplink
can be wideband, and the B12 or B13 BPFs can be switched between each other in
the
downlink, which can result in the passed band being full but blocks the other
band.
[0080] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary signal booster that is operable in a
wideband
mode or a channelized mode. The signal booster 1500 can include a first
multiband filter
1510 (e.g., a first duplexer) and a second multiband filter 1520 (e.g., a
second duplexer).
The first multiband filter 1510 can be communicatively coupled to an inside
antenna and
the second multiband filter 1520 can be communicatively coupled to an outside
antenna.
The signal booster 1500 can include an uplink signal path 1530 and a downlink
signal
path 1540 communicatively coupled between the first multiband filter 1510 and
the
second multiband filter 1520. The uplink signal path 1530 and the downlink
signal path
1540 can each include one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass
filters.
[0081] In this example, the uplink signal path 1530 can be for B5 and the
downlink signal
path 1540 can be for B5. In the uplink, B5 corresponds to a frequency range of
824 MHz
.. to 849 MHz, and in the downlink, B5 corresponds to a frequency range of 869
MHz to
894 MHz.
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[0082] In one example, the uplink signal path 1530 can include a switchable B5
uplink
band pass filter (i.e., a wideband filter that passes signals in the entire B5
uplink band), a
switchable B5 uplink channelized bandpass filter (a channelized filter that
only passes
signals in a first portion of the B5 uplink band, which corresponds to Channel
A), and a
B5 uplink channelized bandpass filter (a channelized filter that only passes
signals in a
first second of the B5 uplink band, which corresponds to Channel B). The
uplink signal
path 1530 can include a splitter that provides signals to the switchable B5
uplink band
pass filter or the switchable B5 uplink channelized bandpass filter
corresponding to
Channel A, or to the B5 uplink channelized bandpass filter corresponding to
Channel B.
[0083] In one example, the downlink signal path 1540 can include a switchable
B5
downlink band pass filter (i.e., a wideband filter that passes signals in the
entire B5
downlink band), a switchable B5 downlink channelized bandpass filter (a
channelized
filter that only passes signals in a first portion of the B5 downlink band,
which
corresponds to Channel A), and a B5 downlink channelized bandpass filter (a
channelized
filter that only passes signals in a first second of the B5 downlink band,
which
corresponds to Channel B). The downlink signal path 1540 can include a
splitter that
provides signals to the switchable B5 downlink band pass filter or the
switchable B5
downlink channelized bandpass filter corresponding to Channel A, or to the B5
downlink
channelized bandpass filter corresponding to Channel B. In addition, the
downlink signal
path 1540 can include signal detector(s) that detect control information
(e.g., RSSI)
associated with the downlink received signals for Channel A of B5 or Channel B
of B5,
respectively.
[0084] In one example, the signal booster 1500 can operate in a wideband mode
(full B5)
or a parallel channelized mode, in which Channel A of B5 and Channel B of B5
in the
uplink can be adjusted separately. In the wideband mode, a wideband BPF for UL
and DL
can be switched in (i.e., the B5 UL BPF and the B5 DL BPF), and B5 Channel B
BPFs for
UL and DL can be disabled. In the parallel channelized mode, B5 Channel A BPFs
for UL
and DL can be switched in (i.e., the B5 UL Channel A BPF and the B5 DL Channel
A
BPF can be switched in), and the B5 Channel B BPFs for UL and DL can be
enabled (i.e.,
the B5 UL Channel B BPF and the B5 DL Channel B BPF can be enabled). In
another
example, single pole double throw (SPDT) switches can be utilized to maintain
impedance matching to splitter(s) in the uplink signal path 1530 and/or the
downlink
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signal path 1540 when any of Enable #1-4 are disabled.
[0085] FIG. 16 provides an example illustration of the wireless device, such
as a user
equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile communication device, a
tablet, a
handset, a wireless transceiver coupled to a processor, or other type of
wireless device.
The wireless device can include one or more antennas configured to communicate
with a
node or transmission station, such as an access point (AP), a base station
(BS), an evolved
Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio
equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), a remote radio
unit
(RRU), a central processing module (CPM), or other type of wireless wide area
network
(WWAN) access point. The wireless device can communicate using separate
antennas for
each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless
communication standards. The wireless device can communicate in a wireless
local area
network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WWAN.
[0086] FIG. 16 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or more
speakers
that can be used for audio input and output from the wireless device. The
display screen
can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, or other type of display screen
such as an
organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. The display screen can be
configured as a
touch screen. The touch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type
of touch
screen technology. An application processor and a graphics processor can be
coupled to
internal memory to provide processing and display capabilities. A non-volatile
memory
port can also be used to provide data input/output options to a user. The non-
volatile
memory port can also be used to expand the memory capabilities of the wireless
device.
A keyboard can be with the wireless device or wirelessly connected to the
wireless device
to provide additional user input. A virtual keyboard can also be provided
using the touch
screen.
Examples
[0087] The following examples pertain to specific technology embodiments and
point out
specific features, elements, or actions that can be used or otherwise combined
in
achieving such embodiments.
[0088] Example 1 includes a signal booster, comprising: a first triplexer; a
second
triplexer; a first uplink signal path communicatively coupled between the
first triplexer
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and the second triplexer, the first uplink signal path including one or more
amplifiers and
one or more band pass filters, and the first signal path is configured to
amplify and filter
uplink signals in a first uplink band; a second uplink signal path
communicatively
coupled between the first triplexer and the second triplexer, the second
uplink signal path
including one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass filters, and the
second signal
path is configured to amplify and filter uplink signals in one or more of a
second uplink
band or a third uplink band that is spectrally adjacent to the second uplink
band; and a
downlink signal path communicatively coupled between the first triplexer and
the second
triplexer, the downlink signal path including one or more amplifiers and one
or more band
pass filters configured to amplify and filter downlink signals in one or more
of a first
downlink band, a second downlink band or a third downlink band, wherein the
first
downlink band, the second downlink band and the third downlink band are
spectrally
adjacent bands.
[0089] Example 2 includes the signal booster of Example 1, further comprising
a
controller operable to perform network protection by adjusting an uplink gain
or a noise
power for the first uplink band in the first uplink signal path, or for the
second uplink
band and the third uplink band in the second uplink signal path.
[0090] Example 3 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 2,
wherein the
uplink gain or noise power for the first uplink band is controlled independent
of the
uplink gain or noise power for the second uplink band and the third uplink
band.
[0091] Example 4 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 3,
wherein: the
uplink gain or the noise power is adjusted for the first uplink band using
control
information associated with a received downlink signal in the first downlink
band; or the
uplink gain or the noise power is adjusted for the second uplink band and the
third uplink
band using control information associated with a received downlink signal in
the second
downlink band or the third downlink band.
[0092] Example 5 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 4,
wherein the
control information associated with the received downlink signal in the first
downlink
band, the second downlink band or the third downlink band includes a booster
station
coupling loss (BSCL) or a received signal strength indication (RSSI).
[0093] Example 6 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 5,
wherein the
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downlink signal path further comprises a signal detector operable to detect
the control
information associated with the received downlink signal in one or more of the
first
downlink band, the second downlink band or the third downlink band.
[0094] Example 7 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 6,
wherein the
signal detector is communicatively coupled to a first switchable band pass
filter, a second
switchable band pass filter and a third switchable band pass filter, and a
given switchable
band pass filter is utilized for one or more of the first downlink band, the
second
downlink band or the third downlink band.
[0095] Example 8 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 7,
further
comprising a pass through signal path on the downlink signal path to the
signal detector
that bypasses the first switchable band pass filter, the second switchable
band pass filter
and the third switchable band pass filter, wherein the signal detector is
configured to
measure a signal power level for a combined downlink signal path.
[0096] Example 9 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 8,
wherein the first
uplink band is band 12 (B12), the second uplink band is band 13 (B13), and the
third
uplink band is band 14 (B14), wherein B12 corresponds to a frequency range of
699
megahertz (MHz) to 716 MHz in an uplink, B13 corresponds to a frequency range
of 777
MHz to 787 MHz in the uplink, and B14 corresponds to a frequency range of 788
MHz to
798 MHz in the uplink.
[0097] Example 10 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 9,
wherein the
first downlink band is band 12 (B12), the second downlink band is band 13
(B13), and the
third downlink band is band 14 (B14), wherein B12 corresponds to a frequency
range of
729 megahertz (MHz) to 746 MHz in a downlink, B13 corresponds to a frequency
range
of 746 MHz to 756 MHz in the downlink, and B14 corresponds to a frequency
range of
.. 758 MHz to 768 MHz in the downlink.
[0098] Example 11 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 10,
wherein the
signal booster is a cellular signal booster configured to amplify cellular
signals and
retransmit amplified cellular signals.
[0099] Example 12 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 11,
further
comprising: an inside antenna communicatively coupled to the first triplexer;
and an
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outside antenna communicatively coupled to the second triplexer.
[00100] Example 13 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 12,
wherein
the inside antenna is configured to: receive uplink signals from a mobile
device; or
transmit amplified and filtered downlink signals to the mobile device.
[00101] Example 14 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 1 to 13,
wherein
the outside antenna is configured to: receive downlink signals from a base
station; or
transmit amplified and filtered uplink signals to the base station.
[00102] Example 15 includes a signal booster, comprising: a first
triplexer; a second
triplexer; and a downlink signal path communicatively coupled between the
first triplexer
and the second triplexer, the downlink signal path including one or more
amplifiers and
one or more band pass filters configured to amplify and filter downlink
signals in one or
more of a first downlink band, a second downlink band or a third downlink
band, wherein
the first downlink band, the second downlink band and the third downlink band
are
spectrally adjacent bands.
[00103] Example 16 includes the signal booster of Example 15, further
comprising: a
first uplink signal path communicatively coupled between the first triplexer
and the
second triplexer, the first uplink signal path including one or more
amplifiers and one or
more band pass filters, and the first signal path is configured to amplify and
filter uplink
signals in a first uplink band; and a second uplink signal path
communicatively coupled
between the first triplexer and the second triplexer, the second uplink signal
path
including one or more amplifiers and one or more band pass filters, and the
second signal
path is configured to amplify and filter uplink signals in one or more of a
second uplink
band or a third uplink band that is spectrally adjacent to the second uplink
band.
[00104] Example 17 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 15 to 16,
further
comprising a controller operable to perform network protection by adjusting an
uplink
gain or a noise power for the first uplink band in the first uplink signal
path, or for the
second uplink band and the third uplink band in the second uplink signal path.
[00105] Example 18 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 15 to 17,
wherein:
the uplink gain or the noise power is adjusted for the first uplink band using
control
information associated with a received downlink signal in the first downlink
band; or the
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uplink gain or the noise power is adjusted for the second uplink band and the
third uplink
band using control information associated with a received downlink signal in
the second
downlink band or the third downlink band.
[00106] Example 19 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 15 to 18,
wherein
the downlink signal path further comprises a signal detector operable to
detect the control
information associated with the received downlink signal in one or more of the
first
downlink band, the second downlink band or the third downlink band.
[00107] Example 20 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 15 to 19,
wherein
the signal detector is communicatively coupled to a first switchable band pass
filter, a
second switchable band pass filter and a third switchable band pass filter,
and a given
switchable band pass filter is utilized for one or more of the first downlink
band, the
second downlink band or the third downlink band.
[00108] Example 21 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 15 to 20,
further
comprising a pass through signal path on the downlink signal path to the
signal detector
that bypasses the first switchable band pass filter, the second switchable
band pass filter
and the third switchable band pass filter, wherein the signal detector is
configured to
measure a signal power level for a combined downlink signal path.
[00109] Example 22 includes a cellular signal booster, comprising: a downlink
cellular
signal path configured to amplify and filter a downlink cellular signal
received in a first
downlink band, a second downlink band or a third downlink band, wherein the
first
downlink band, the second downlink band and the third downlink band are
spectrally
adjacent bands; and a controller operable to perform network protection by
adjusting an
uplink gain or noise power for a first uplink band in a first uplink cellular
signal path, or
for a second uplink band and a third uplink band in a second uplink cellular
signal path,
wherein the second uplink band is spectrally adjacent to the third uplink
band, and the
uplink gain or noise power is adjusted in the first uplink cellular path or
the second uplink
cellular path using control information associated with the downlink cellular
signal
received in one or more of the first downlink band, the second downlink band
or the third
downlink band.
[00110] Example 23 includes the cellular signal booster of Example 22, wherein
the
downlink cellular signal path further comprises a signal detector operable to
detect the
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control information associated with the downlink cellular signal received in
the first
downlink band, the second downlink band or the third downlink band.
[00111] Example 24 includes the cellular signal booster of any of Examples 22
to 23,
wherein the control information associated with the downlink cellular signal
received in
the first downlink band, the second downlink band or the third downlink band
includes a
booster station coupling loss (BSCL) or a received signal strength indication
(RSSI).
[00112] Example 25 includes the cellular signal booster of any of Examples 22
to 24,
wherein the downlink cellular signal path includes a pass through signal path
to a signal
detector on the downlink cellular signal path, wherein the pass through signal
path
bypasses a first switchable band pass filter communicatively coupled to the
signal
detector, a second switchable band pass filter communicatively coupled to the
signal
detector, and a third switchable band pass filter communicatively coupled to
the signal
detector, wherein the signal detector is configured to measure a signal power
level for a
combined downlink signal path.
[00113] Example 26 includes a signal booster, comprising: a first
triplexer; a second
triplexer; a first direction signal path communicatively coupled between the
first triplexer
and the second triplexer, the first direction signal path including one or
more amplifiers
and one or more band pass filters, and the first direction signal path is
configured to
amplify and filter first direction signals in one or more first direction
bands, wherein the
one or more first direction bands are spectrally adjacent bands; and a second
direction
signal path communicatively coupled between the first triplexer and the second
triplexer,
the second direction signal path including one or more amplifiers and one or
more band
pass filters configured to amplify and filter second direction signals in one
or more
second direction bands, wherein the one or more second direction bands are
spectrally
adjacent bands.
[00114] Example 27 includes the signal booster of Example 26, further
comprising a
controller operable to perform network protection by adjusting a gain or a
noise power for
the one or more first direction bands in the first direction signal path.
[00115] Example 28 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 26 to 27,
wherein
the gain or the noise power is adjusted for the one or more first direction
bands in the first
direction signal path based on control information associated with received
second
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direction signals in one or more second direction bands.
[00116] Example 29 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 26 to 28,
wherein
the control information associated with the received second direction signals
in one or
more second direction bands includes a booster station coupling loss (BSCL) or
a
received signal strength indication (RSSI).
[00117] Example 30 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 26 to 29,
wherein
the second direction signal path further comprises a signal detector operable
to detect the
control information associated with the received second direction signals in
one or more
second direction bands.
[00118] Example 31 includes a triplexer in a signal booster, the triplexer
comprising:
one or more first direction filters configured to filter first direction
signals in one or more
first direction bands, wherein the one or more first direction bands are
spectrally adjacent
bands; and one or more second direction filters configured to filter second
direction
signals in one or more second direction bands, wherein the one or more second
direction
bands are spectrally adjacent bands, wherein one of the first direction
filters or the second
direction filters is configured to pass signals to a combined signal path for
three spectrally
adjacent bands.
[00119] Example 32 includes the triplexer of Example 31, further comprising: a
common port communicatively coupled to an antenna; a first port
communicatively
coupled to a first direction signal path; and a second port communicatively
coupled to a
second direction signal path.
[00120] Example 33 includes the triplexer of any of Examples 31 to 32,
wherein: the
first direction signals include uplink signals or downlink signals; and the
second direction
signals include uplink signals or downlink signals.
[00121] Example 34 includes the triplexer of any of Examples 31 to 33, wherein
the
one or more first direction bands include at least one of band 12 (B12), band
13 (B13), or
band 14 (B14), wherein B12 corresponds to a frequency range of 699 megahertz
(MHz)
to 716 MHz in a first direction, B13 corresponds to a frequency range of 777
MHz to 787
MHz in the first direction, and B14 corresponds to a frequency range of 788
MHz to 798
MHz in the first direction.
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[00122] Example 35 includes the triplexer of any of Examples 31 to 34, wherein
the
one or more second direction bands include at least one of band 12 (B12), band
13 (B13),
or band 14 (B14), wherein B12 corresponds to a frequency range of 729
megahertz
(MHz) to 746 MHz in a second direction, B13 corresponds to a frequency range
of 746
MHz to 756 MHz in the second direction, and B14 corresponds to a frequency
range of
758 MHz to 768 MHz in the second direction.
[00123] Example 36 includes a signal booster, comprising: a first multiband
filter that
includes a first first-direction port and a first second-direction port; a
second multiband
filter that includes a second first-direction port and a second second-
direction port; one or
more first direction signal paths communicatively coupled between the first
first-direction
port in the first multiband filter and the second first-direction port in the
second multiband
filter; and one or more second direction signal paths communicatively coupled
between
the first second-direction port in the first multiband filter and the second
second-direction
port in the second multiband filter.
[00124] Example 37 includes the signal booster of Example 36, wherein the one
or
more first direction signal paths include one or more amplifiers and one or
more band
pass filters, and the one or more first direction signal paths are configured
to amplify and
filter first direction signals in one or more first direction bands, wherein
the one or more
first direction bands are spectrally adjacent bands.
[00125] Example 38 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 36 to 37,
wherein
the one or more second direction signal paths include one or more amplifiers
and one or
more band pass filters, and the one or more second direction signal paths are
configured
to amplify and filter second direction signals in one or more second direction
bands,
wherein the one or more second direction bands are spectrally adjacent bands.
[00126] Example 39 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 36 to 38,
wherein:
the one or more first direction signal paths include uplink signal paths or
downlink signal
paths; and the one or more second direction signal paths include uplink signal
paths or
downlink signal paths.
[00127] Example 40 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 36 to 39,
wherein
each of the one or more first direction signal paths are associated with a
selected filter
within the first multiband filter and a selected filter within the second
multiband filter.
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[00128] Example 41 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 36 to 40,
wherein
the first multiband filter and the second multiband filter each include four
or more filters,
wherein each filter is associated with the first direction signal path or the
second direction
signal path.
[00129] Example 42 includes the signal booster of any of Examples 36 to 41,
wherein:
the first first-direction port in the first multiband filter is a first uplink
port; the first
second-direction port in the first multiband filter is a first downlink port;
the second first-
direction port in the second multiband filter is a second uplink port; and the
second
second-direction port second multiband filter is a second downlink port.
[00130] Example 43 includes a repeater, comprising: a first multiband filter;
a second
multiband filter; one or more first-direction signal paths communicatively
coupled
between the first multiband filter and the second multi-band filter, wherein
at least one of
the one or more first-direction signal paths are configured to amplify and
filter signals in
two or more spectrally adjacent bands; and one or more second-direction signal
paths
communicatively coupled between the first multiband filter and the second
multi-band
filter, wherein at least one of the one or more second-direction signal paths
are configured
to amplify and filter signals in two or more spectrally adjacent bands.
[00131] Example 44 includes the repeater of Example 43, wherein the one or
more
first-direction signal paths includes: a first-direction band 12 (B12) and a
first-direction
600 megahertz (MHz) band combined signal path; and a first-direction band 13
(B13)
signal path.
[00132] Example 45 includes the repeater of any of Examples 43 to 44, wherein
the
one or more first-direction signal paths includes: a first-direction band 12
(B12) and a
first-direction 600 megahertz (MHz) band combined signal path; and a first-
direction
band 13 (B13) and band 14 (B14) combined signal path.
[00133] Example 46 includes the repeater of any of Examples 43 to 45, wherein
the
one or more second-direction signal paths includes: a second-direction band 12
(B12) and
band 13 (B13) and band 14 (B14) combined signal path; and a second-direction
600
megahertz (MHz) band signal path.
[00134] Example 47 includes the repeater of any of Examples 43 to 46, wherein
the
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one or more second-direction signal paths includes: a second-direction band 12
(B12) and
band 13 (B13) combined signal path; and a second-direction 600 megahertz (MHz)
band
signal path.
[00135] Example 48 includes the repeater of any of Examples 43 to 47, wherein
B12
corresponds to a frequency range of 699 MHz to 716 MHz in the first-direction,
B13
corresponds to a frequency range of 777 MHz to 787 MHz in the first-direction
and B14
corresponds to a frequency range of 788 MI-lz to 798 MHz in the first-
direction, wherein
the first-direction is an uplink.
[00136] Example 49 includes the repeater of any of Examples 43 to 48, wherein
B12
corresponds to a frequency range of 729 MHz to 746 MHz in the second-
direction, B13
corresponds to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz in the second-direction
and
B14 corresponds to a frequency range of 758 MHz to 768 MHz in the second-
direction,
wherein the second-direction is a downlink.
[00137] Example 50 includes a repeater, comprising: a first multiband filter;
a second
multiband filter; one or more first-direction signal paths communicatively
coupled
between the first multiband filter and the second multi-band filter, wherein
the one or
more first-direction signal paths are configured to amplify and filter
signals; and one or
more second-direction signal paths communicatively coupled between the first
multiband
filter and the second multi-band filter, wherein at least one of the one or
more second-
direction signal paths are configured to amplify and filter two or more
signals in one or
more spectrally adjacent bands or one or more spectrally overlapping bands,
wherein one
or more of the first-direction signal paths or the second-direction signal
paths include
switchable bandpass filters or switchable channelized bandpass filters for one
or more
spectrally adjacent bands or one or more spectrally overlapping bands.
[00138] Example 51 includes the repeater of Example 50, wherein the one or
more
first-direction signal paths and the one or more second-direction signal paths
are
controlled separately by a controller in the repeater.
[00139] Example 52 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 51, wherein
the
one or more first-direction signal paths includes: a first-direction band 12
(B12) signal
path; and a first-direction band 13 (B13) signal path.
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[00140] Example 53 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 52, wherein
the
first-direction B12 signal path includes a first-direction B12 switchable
bandpass filter
and a first-direction B17 switchable bandpass filter, wherein B12 corresponds
to a
frequency range of 699 MHz to 716 MHz in the first-direction and B17
corresponds to a
frequency range of 704 MHz to 716 MHz in the first-direction, wherein the
first-direction
is an uplink.
[00141] Example 54 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 53, wherein
the
first-direction B13 signal path corresponds to a frequency range of 777 MHz to
787 MHz,
wherein the first-direction is an uplink.
[00142] Example 55 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 54, wherein
the
one or more second-direction signal paths includes a second-direction band 12
(B12) and
band 13 (B13) combined signal path.
[00143] Example 56 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 55, wherein
the
second-direction B12 and B13 combined signal path includes one or more of: a
second-
direction B12 switchable bandpass filter, a second-direction B13 switchable
bandpass
filter, a second-direction B12/B13 switchable bandpass filter or a second-
direction
B13/band 17 (B17) switchable bandpass filter.
[00144] Example 57 includes the repeater of any of Examples 50 to 56, wherein
B12
corresponds to a frequency range of 729 megahertz (MHz) to 746 MHz in the
second-
direction, B13 corresponds to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz in the
second-
direction and B17 corresponds to a frequency range of 734 MHz to 746 MHz in
the
second-direction, wherein the second-direction is a downlink.
[00145] Example 58 includes a repeater, comprising: a first multiband filter;
a second
multiband filter; one or more first-direction signal paths communicatively
coupled
between the first multiband filter and the second multi-band filter, wherein
the one or
more first-direction signal paths are configured to amplify and filter
signals; and one or
more second-direction signal paths communicatively coupled between the first
multiband
filter and the second multi-band filter, wherein the one or more second-
direction signal
paths are configured to amplify and filter signals, wherein one or more of the
first-
direction signal paths or the second-direction signal paths include one or
more of: a
switchable wideband bandpass filter, a switchable channelized bandpass filter
or a
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channelized bandpass filter.
[00146] Example 59 includes the repeater of Example 58, wherein the one or
more
second-direction signal paths are configured to amplify and filter signals in
one or more
spectrally adjacent bands.
.. [00147] Example 60 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 59,
wherein the
one or more first-direction signal paths includes one or more of: a first-
direction band 5
(B5) signal path; a first-direction band 12 (B12) signal path; or a first-
direction band 13
(B13) signal path.
[00148] Example 61 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 60, wherein
the
first-direction B5 signal path includes a first-direction B5 switchable
wideband bandpass
filter, a first-direction B5 switchable channelized bandpass filter that
corresponds to a first
channel of the first-direction B5, and a first-direction B5 channelized
bandpass filter that
corresponds to a second channel of the first-direction B5, wherein B5
corresponds to a
frequency range of 824 megahertz (MHz) to 849 MHz in the first-direction,
wherein the
first-direction is an uplink.
[00149] Example 62 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 61, wherein
the
first-direction B5 signal path includes a first splitter and a first combiner
communicatively coupled to: a first-direction B5 switchable wideband bandpass
filter, a
first-direction B5 switchable channelized bandpass filter that corresponds to
a first
channel of the first-direction B5, and a first-direction B5 channelized
bandpass filter that
corresponds to a second channel of the first-direction B5.
[00150] Example 63 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 62, wherein:
the
first-direction B12 signal path includes a first-direction B12 switchable
wideband
bandpass filter and a first-direction B12 switchable channelized bandpass
filter; and the
first-direction B13 signal path includes a first-direction B13 switchable
wideband
bandpass filter and a first-direction B13 switchable channelized bandpass
filter, wherein
B12 corresponds to a frequency range of 699 megahertz (MHz) to 716 MHz in the
first-
direction and B13 corresponds to a frequency range of 777 MHz to 787 MHz in
the first-
direction, wherein the first-direction is an uplink
[00151] Example 64 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 63, wherein
the
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one or more second-direction signal paths includes one or more of: a second-
direction
band 5 (B5) signal path; or a second-direction band 12 (B12) and band 13 (B13)
combined signal path.
[00152] Example 65 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 64, wherein
the
second-direction B5 signal path includes a second-direction B5 switchable
wideband
bandpass filter, a second-direction B5 switchable channelized bandpass filter
that
corresponds to a first channel of the second-direction B5, and a second-
direction B5
channelized bandpass filter that corresponds to a second channel of the second-
direction
B5, wherein B5 corresponds to a frequency range of 869 megahertz (MHz) to 894
MHz
in the second-direction, wherein the second-direction is a downlink.
[00153] Example 66 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 65, wherein
the
second-direction B5 signal path includes a second splitter and a second
combiner
communicatively coupled to: a second-direction B5 switchable wideband bandpass
filter,
a second-direction B5 switchable channelized bandpass filter that corresponds
to a first
channel of the second-direction B5, and a second-direction B5 channelized
bandpass filter
that corresponds to a second channel of the second-direction B5.
[00154] Example 67 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 66, wherein
the
second-direction B12 and B13 combined signal path includes a second-direction
B12/B13
switchable wideband pass filter, a second-direction B12 switchable channelized
bandpass
filter and a second-direction B13 channelized bandpass filter, wherein B12
corresponds to
a frequency range of 729 megahertz (MHz) to 746 MHz in the second-direction
and B13
corresponds to a frequency range of 746 MHz to 756 MHz in the second-
direction,
wherein the second-direction is a downlink.
[00155] Example 68 includes the repeater of any of Examples 58 to 67, wherein
the
second-direction B12 and B13 combined signal path includes a second splitter
and a
second combiner communicatively coupled to: a second-direction B12/B13
switchable
wideband pass filter, a second-direction B12 switchable channelized bandpass
filter and a
second-direction B13 channelized bandpass filter.
[00156] Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take
the form of
program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy
diskettes,
compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, non-transitory computer
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readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein,
when
the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer,
the
machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques. Circuitry
can
include hardware, firmware, program code, executable code, computer
instructions,
and/or software. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium can be a
computer
readable storage medium that does not include signal. In the case of program
code
execution on programmable computers, the computing device can include a
processor, a
storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile
memory
and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output
device. The
volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements can be a random-
access
memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash drive,
optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or other medium for
storing
electronic data. One or more programs that can implement or utilize the
various
techniques described herein can use an application programming interface
(API), reusable
controls, and the like. Such programs can be implemented in a high level
procedural or
object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system.
However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if
desired. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language,
and
combined with hardware implementations.
[00157] As used herein, the term processor can include general purpose
processors,
specialized processors such as VLSI, FPGAs, or other types of specialized
processors, as
well as base band processors used in transceivers to send, receive, and
process wireless
communications.
[00158] It should be understood that many of the functional units described in
this
specification have been labeled as modules, in order to more particularly
emphasize their
implementation independence. For example, a module can be implemented as a
hardware
circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate
arrays, off-
the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete
components. A
module can also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field
programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices
or the
like.
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[00159] In one example, multiple hardware circuits or multiple processors can
be used
to implement the functional units described in this specification. For
example, a first
hardware circuit or a first processor can be used to perform processing
operations and a
second hardware circuit or a second processor (e.g., a transceiver or a
baseband
processor) can be used to communicate with other entities. The first hardware
circuit and
the second hardware circuit can be incorporated into a single hardware
circuit, or
alternatively, the first hardware circuit and the second hardware circuit can
be separate
hardware circuits.
[00160] Modules can also be implemented in software for execution by various
types of
processors. An identified module of executable code can, for instance,
comprise one or
more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which can, for
instance, be
organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables
of an
identified module need not be physically located together, but can comprise
disparate
instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically
together, comprise
the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.
[00161] Indeed, a module of executable code can be a single instruction, or
many
instructions, and can even be distributed over several different code
segments, among
different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational
data can
be identified and illustrated herein within modules, and can be embodied in
any suitable
form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational
data can
be collected as a single data set, or can be distributed over different
locations including
over different storage devices, and can exist, at least partially, merely as
electronic signals
on a system or network. The modules can be passive or active, including agents
operable
to perform desired functions.
[00162] Reference throughout this specification to "an example" or "exemplary"
means
that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in
connection with the
example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,
appearances of the phrases "in an example" or the word "exemplary" in various
places
throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same
embodiment.
[00163] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements,
compositional elements,
and/or materials can be presented in a common list for convenience. However,
these lists
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should be construed as though each member of the list is individually
identified as a
separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be
construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely
based on
their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. In
addition,
various embodiments and example of the present invention can be referred to
herein
along with alternatives for the various components thereof It is understood
that such
embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as defacto
equivalents of
one another, but are to be considered as separate and autonomous
representations of the
present invention.
[00164] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics
can be
combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following
description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of
layouts,
distances, network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments
of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however,
that the
invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or
with other
methods, components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-known structures,
materials,
or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects
of the
invention.
[00165] While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the principles of the
present
invention in one or more particular applications, it will be apparent to those
of ordinary
skill in the art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of
implementation
can be made without the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing
from the
principles and concepts of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that
the invention
be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.
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