Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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IMPROVED NATURAL OIL PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to, and the benefit of, US provisional
patent
application Nos. 62/680,158 filed 4 June 2018, entitled IMPROVED NATURAL OIL
PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS; and 62/655,355 filed 10 April 2018 entitled
PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS,
each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to pesticidal
compositions.
In particular, some embodiments of the present invention relate to pesticidal
compositions with improved physical and/or chemical characteristics such as
those
related to the physical handling, physical and chemical consistency and
stability of the
composition enabling improved storage, mixing and application of the
pesticidal
composition such as for agricultural, horticultural or household pest control.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Pesticides, including fungicides, herbicides, nematicides and
insecticides, are
important compositions for use in domestic, agricultural, industrial and
commercial
settings, such as to provide for control of unwanted pests and/or pathogens.
Providing
for effective pest control is of high importance in many such settings, since
pests and/or
other pathogens if not controlled can cause loss and or destruction of crops
or other
plants, or harm to animals, humans or other beneficial or desired organisms.
There
remains a need for environmentally safe and effective pesticides, including
fungicidal,
nematicidal and insecticidal pesticide compositions that enhance the utility
and efficacy
of pesticides, so that pesticides can be used in a more environmentally safe
and
effective manner.
[0004] In agricultural and/or horticultural settings, for example, a variety
of plant pests,
such as insects, worms, nematodes, fungi, and plant pathogens such as viruses
and
bacteria, are known to cause significant damage to seeds and ornamental and
crop
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plants. Conventional chemical pesticides have generally been used, but many of
these
are expensive and potentially toxic to humans, animals, and/or the environment
and
may persist long after they are applied. In a growing number of cases,
chemical
pesticide use has also resulted in growing resistance to certain chemical
pesticides by
pest organisms, leading to reduced effectiveness, requiring greater doses of
pesticidal
chemicals, or even failure of certain types of pesticides as viable control
agents. As a
result, many chemical pesticides are being phased out or otherwise restricted
from use.
[0005] Natural or biologically-derived pesticidal compounds have been proposed
for
use in place of some chemical pesticides, in order to attempt to reduce the
toxicity,
health and environmental risks associated with chemical pesticide use.
Pesticidal
natural oils are a known class of biopesticides, including for uses in control
of insect,
fungal, nematode, bacterial and weed pests, for example. There remains a need
to
provide improved natural pesticidal oil based pesticidal compositions to allow
for safe,
easy, effective, economical and environmentally and ecologically safe control
of insect,
plant, fungal, nematode, mollusk, mite, viral and bacterial pests. In
particular, there
remains a need to provide improved natural pesticidal oil based pesticidal
compositions
having improved physical characteristics, including one or more of improved
low
temperature flow characteristics, formulation clarity, emulsion stability and
pH and/or
water hardness tolerance, for example.
[0006] The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related
thereto are
intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the
related art will
become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the
specification.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, novel pesticidal
compositions
are disclosed comprising: a pesticidal natural oil active ingredient, a
surfactant
comprising an ethoxylated natural oil and operable to disperse the pesticidal
natural oil
active ingredient in a water emulsion, a polymeric pour point depressant
operable to
reduce a pour point temperature of said pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient, and a
hydrocarbon solvent. In some such embodiments, the polymeric pour point
depressant
and the hydrocarbon solvent in combination are effective to reduce a pour
point
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temperature of the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient in said
composition. In some
embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises at least one pesticidal
natural oil
active ingredient selected from the list comprising: neem oil, karanja oil,
cinnamon oil,
clove oil, eugenol, oregano oil, thyme oil, garlic oil, anise oil, geranium
oil, lime oil,
peppermint oil, lavender oil, and combinations thereof or extracts therefrom.
In some
embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent comprises at least one of: an alcohol, a
natural
oil, a terpene, and a terpenoid. In some particular such embodiments, the
hydrocarbon
solvent may comprise at least one cyclic terpene such as at least one of: 1-
limonene, d-
limonene and dipentene, for example.
[0008] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises a pesticidal
natural
oil active ingredient characterized by having a lower pour point temperature,
wherein
said pour point temperature of said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient
is between
about -5C and about 30C. In one such embodiment, the pour point temperature
may be
defined as the lowest temperature at which the pesticidal natural oil may be
fluidly
poured from one container to another, that is, the lowest temperature at which
the
pesticidal natural oil remains pourably fluid and not gelled. In some
embodiments, the
polymeric pour point depressant, or the hydrocarbon solvent, or the
combination of the
polymeric pour point depressant and the hydrocarbon solvent components, may be
operable to reduce the pour point temperature of the pesticidal natural oil by
at least 0.5
C, and preferably 1 C, and further preferably by at least 1.5 C, and more
preferably by
at least 2 C, and more desirably by at least 3 C, further desirably by at
least 4 C, and
most desirably by at least 5 C, for example.
[0009] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may desirably a natural
oil
active ingredient comprising neem oil. In another embodiment, the pesticidal
natural
active ingredient may comprise karanja (also referred to as pongamia oil).
[0010] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises a polymeric
pour
point depressant which comprises at least one of an acrylic polymer and an
alkyl
aromatic polymer. In some particular embodiments, the polymeric pour point
depressant may comprise at least one of: a poly methacrylate, a polyalkyl
methacrylate,
a polyacrylate, an acrylate-styrene copolymer and an alkyl aromatic polymer.
In some
further embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant may comprise at least
one
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polymer listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Minimal
Risk
Inert Pesticide Ingredient (4A) (i.e. the list of ingredients published by the
US EPA as
FIFRA 4A list published August 2004 entitled "List 4A - Minimal Risk Inert
Ingredients")
or, at least one polymer listed by the EPA as Inert Pesticide Ingredients (4B)
(the US
EPA FIFRA 4b list published August 2004 entitled "List 4B - Other ingredients
for which
EPA has sufficient information"), or at least one polymer listed under EPA
regulation 40
CFR 180.950 dated May 24, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated herein in
its
entirety for all purposes.
[0011] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise a
polymeric
pour point depressant which comprises at least one of a crystallization
inhibitor and a
co-crystallization modifier of at least one wax component of the pesticidal
natural oil. In
some embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant may additional comprise
at
least one diluent or carrier component. In some particular such embodiments,
the
polymeric pour point depressant may additionally comprise a neutral oil
component,
such as a neutral mineral or vegetable oil component, for example.
[0012] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise a
hydrocarbon
solvent. In some such embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent may comprise at
least
one of: an alcohol, a natural oil, a terpene, and a terpenoid. In some
particular such
embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent may comprise at least one cyclic terpene
such
as at least one of:1-limonene, d-limonene and dipentene, for example.
[0013] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise a
surfactant
which comprises at least one of: an ethoxylated natural oil, ethoxylated
castor oil,
sapon in, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated glycols,
ethoxylated
fatty acids, carboxylated alcohols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, ethoxylated
alkylphenols, fatty esters, sodium dodecylsulfide, other fatty acid-based
surfactants,
other natural or synthetic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some
particular such
embodiments, the surfactant may comprise a non-ionic surfactant comprising at
least
one of: ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acids, fatty esters, an octyl-phenol
ethoxylate, and
combinations thereof.
[0014] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may additionally
comprise a
diluent. In some particular such embodiments, the diluent may comprise at
least one
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neutral oil component, such as one or more of a safflower, canola, vegetable,
or mineral
oil. In some other such embodiments, the diluent may comprise at least one of:
isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, and combinations thereof. In a further
such
embodiment, the diluent may additionally comprise at least one carrier
component.
[0015] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise a
pesticidal
natural oil active ingredient which comprises at least one of neem oil and
karanja oil,
and wherein the polymeric pour point depressant is operable to inhibit or
modify
crystallization of at least one of a wax and a fatty acid component of said
pesticidal
natural oil. In some particular such embodiments, the at least one wax or
fatty acid
component of the pesticidal natural oil has a melting point above about 15 C.
In some
other such embodiments, the at least one wax or fatty acid component of the
pesticidal
natural oil may have a melting point above about 10 C, and in yet some other
embodiments, above about 5 C for example.
[0016] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may additionally
comprise at
least one additional natural pesticidal active ingredient. In some particular
such
embodiments, the additional natural pesticidal active ingredient may comprise
an
extract of at least one natural pesticidal oil. In some embodiments, the
pesticidal
composition may comprise a natural pesticidal oil active ingredient which
comprises at
least one NOP-listed organic natural oil, listed under the US Department of
Agriculture
(USDA) National Organic Program (NOP), or OMRI, or other organic or other
selected
agricultural standard certification for example, such as may be listed by the
USDA as
allowable for use in organic agricultural production or the like.
[0017] In some embodiments, a pesticidal composition may be provided such that
the
composition comprises a substantially homogenous pesticidal concentrate,
wherein:
the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient comprises 50 to 90 wt%;
the surfactant comprises 4 to 25 wt%;
the polymeric pour point depressant comprises 0.1 to 10 wt%;
and the hydrocarbon solvent comprises 0.5 to 20% of the pesticidal
concentrate.
[0018] In some particular such embodiments, the pesticidal composition may
additionally comprising a diluent which comprises 5 to 20 wt% of the
substantially
homogenous pesticidal concentrate, for example. In some such embodiments, the
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pesticidal composition may comprise at least one polymeric pour point
depressant
which comprises a USDA NOP-listed polymeric compound such as may be allowable
for use in organic agriculture, for example. In some further embodiments, the
polymeric
pour point depressant may comprise at least one polymer listed by the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Minimal Risk Inert Pesticide
Ingredient
(4A) (i.e. the list of ingredients published by the US EPA as FIFRA 4A list
published
August 2004 entitled "List 4A - Minimal Risk Inert Ingredients") or, at least
one polymer
listed by the EPA as Inert Pesticide Ingredients (4B) (the US EPA FIFRA 4b
list
published August 2004 entitled "List 4B - Other ingredients for which EPA has
sufficient
information"), or at least one polymer listed under EPA regulation 40 CFR
180.950
dated May 24, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated herein in its
entirety for all
purposes.
[0019] In some further embodiments, a method of making a diluted pesticidal
composition including at least one pesticidal natural oil active ingredient is
provided. In
some such embodiments, the method comprises:
providing a homogenous concentrate composition which comprises:
a pesticidal natural oil active ingredient;
a surfactant operable to disperse the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient
in a
water emulsion;
a polymeric pour point depressant operable to reduce a pour point temperature
of said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient;
a hydrocarbon solvent; and
diluting the concentrate with water to form an oil in water emulsion diluted
formulation comprising the at least one pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient.
[0020] In some such embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant and the
hydrocarbon solvent in combination are effective to reduce a pour point
temperature of
said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient in the homogenous pesticidal
concentrate
composition.
[0021] In some particular embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent comprises at
least one
of: an alcohol, a natural oil, a terpene, and a terpenoid. In some particular
such
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embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent may comprise at least one cyclic terpene
such
as at least one of:1-limonene, d-limonene and dipentene, for example.
[0022] In some particular embodiments of the above exemplary method, the pour
point
temperature of the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient may be between
about -5C
and about 30C. In some embodiments, the pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient
comprises at least one of neem oil and karanja oil. In some further
embodiments, the
pesticidal composition additionally comprises at least one diluent or carrier
component.
In one such embodiment, the at least one diluent or carrier may comprise a
neutral oil,
such as a mineral or vegetable oil, for example.
[0023] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition in the above method
comprises a polymeric pour point depressant which comprises at least one of an
acrylic
polymer and an alkyl aromatic polymer. In some particular embodiments, the
polymeric
pour point depressant may comprise at least one of: a poly methacrylate, a
polyalkyl
methacrylate, a polyacrylate, an acrylate-styrene copolymer and an alkyl
aromatic
polymer. In some further embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant may
comprise at least one polymer listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)
as a Minimal Risk Inert Pesticide Ingredient (4A) (i.e. the list of
ingredients published by
the US EPA as FIFRA 4A list published August 2004 entitled "List 4A - Minimal
Risk
Inert Ingredients") or, at least one polymer listed by the EPA as Inert
Pesticide
Ingredients (4B) (the US EPA FIFRA 4b list published August 2004 entitled
"List 4B -
Other ingredients for which EPA has sufficient information"), or at least one
polymer
listed under EPA regulation 40 CFR 180.950 dated May 24, 2002, each of which
is
hereby incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
[0024] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise a
polymeric
pour point depressant which comprises at least one of a crystallization
inhibitor and a
co-crystallization modifier of at least one wax component of the pesticidal
natural oil. In
some embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant may additional comprise
at
least one diluent or carrier component. In some particular such embodiments,
the
polymeric pour point depressant may additionally comprise a neutral oil
component,
such as a neutral mineral or vegetable oil component, for example.
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[0025] In a further embodiment according to the present disclosure, a method
of
enhancing the physical properties of a pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient comprising
at least one of neem and karanja oil is provided, the method comprising:
preparing a homogenous pesticidal concentrate composition comprising:
said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient comprising at least one of neem
and
karanja oil;
a surfactant operable to disperse the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient
in a
water emulsion; and
a polymeric pour point depressant operable to reduce a pour point temperature
of said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient; and
a hydrocarbon solvent; and
diluting the pesticidal concentrate with water to form an oil-in-water
emulsion
diluted formulation comprising the at least one pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient adapted for application to plants to control at least one pest.
[0026] In some such embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant and the
hydrocarbon solvent in combination are effective to reduce a pour point
temperature of
said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient in the homogenous pesticidal
concentrate
composition.
[0027] In yet another embodiment according to the present disclosure, a method
of
applying at least one pesticidal composition comprising at least one
pesticidal natural oil
to control at least one target pest is provided. In one such embodiment, the
method
comprises:
preparing a homogenous pesticidal concentrate composition according to the
method of enhancing the physical properties of a pesticidal natural oil active
ingredient described directly above; and
applying the oil-in-water emulsion diluted pesticidal formulation to at least
one
plant, the locus thereof, or propagation material thereof, which is
susceptible to
or infested with the at least one pest.
[0028] In some particular such embodiments, the diluted pesticidal formulation
may be
applied to the at least one plant, locus thereof, or propagation material
thereof, in a
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pesticidally effective amount to desirably provide for control of the at least
one pest, for
example.
[0029] In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above,
further
aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the following
detailed
description.
DESCRIPTION
[0030] Throughout the following description specific details are set forth in
order to
provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However,
well
known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid
unnecessarily
obscuring the disclosure. Accordingly, the description and tables/drawings are
to be
regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
[0031] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used
herein have the
same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to
which this
disclosure belongs.
[0032] As used herein, singular forms include plural references unless the
context
clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, "comprises" or "comprising" are to
be
interpreted in their open-ended sense, i.e. as specifying that the stated
features,
elements, steps or components referred to are present, but not excluding the
presence
or addition of further features, elements, steps or components.
[0033]As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges provided
expressly
include integers within such ranges and fractions of the values or the
integers within
ranges unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example,
reference to a
range of 90-100%, includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as
91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%,
etc.,
and so forth. Therefore, as used herein, where a range of values is provided,
it is
understood that each intervening value between the upper and lower limit of
that range
and any other stated or intervening value within that stated range is
encompassed
within embodiments of the disclosure. The upper and lower limits of these
smaller
ranges may independently define a smaller range of values, and it is to be
understood
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that these smaller ranges are intended to be encompassed within embodiments of
the
disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range.
[0034] As used herein, "plant" embraces individual plants or plant varieties
of any type
of plants, in particular agricultural, silvicultural and ornamental plants.
[0035] As used herein, the terms "pest" or "pests" or grammatical equivalents
thereof,
are understood to refer to organisms, e.g., including pathogens, that
negatively affect a
host or other organism¨such as a plant or an animal¨by colonizing, damaging,
attacking, competing with them for nutrients, infesting or infecting them, as
well as
undesired organisms that infest human structures, dwellings, living spaces or
foodstuffs.
Pests include but are not limited to fungi, weeds, nematodes, acari, and
arthropods,
including insects. It is understood that the terms "pest" or "pests" or
grammatical
equivalents thereof can refer to organisms that have negative effects by
infesting plants
and seeds, and commodities such as stored grain or other agricultural
products.
[0036] As used herein, the terms "pesticide" or "pesticidal" or grammatical
equivalents
thereof, are understood to refer to any composition or substance that can be
used in the
control of any agricultural, natural environmental, and domestic/household
pests. The
terms "control" or "controlling" are meant to include, but are not limited to,
any killing,
inhibiting, growth regulating, or pestistatic (inhibiting or otherwise
interfering with the
normal life cycle of the pest) activities of a composition against a given
pest. These
terms include for example sterilizing activities which prevent the production
or normal
development of seeds, ova, sperm or spores, cause death of seeds, sperm, ova
or
spores, or otherwise cause severe injury to the genetic material. Further
activities
intended to be encompassed within the scope of the terms "control" or
"controlling"
include preventing larvae from developing into mature progeny, modulating the
emergence of pests from eggs including preventing eclosion, degrading the egg
material, suffocation, interfering with mycelial growth, reducing gut
motility, inhibiting the
formation of chitin, disrupting mating or sexual communication, preventing
feeding
(antifeedant) activity, and interfering with location of hosts, mates or
nutrient-sources.
The term "pesticide" includes fungicides, herbicides, nematicides,
insecticides and the
like. The term "pesticide" encompasses, but is not limited to, naturally
occurring
compounds as well as so-called "synthetic chemical pesticides" having
structures or
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formulations that are not naturally occurring, where pesticides may be
obtained by
various means including, but not limited to, extraction from biological
sources, chemical
synthesis of the compound, and chemical modification of naturally occurring
compounds
obtained from biological sources.
[0037] As used herein, the terms "control" or "controlling" or grammatical
equivalents
thereof, are understood to encompass any pesticidal (killing) activities or
pestistatic
(inhibiting, repelling, deterring, and generally interfering with pest
functions to prevent
the damage to the host plant) activities of a pesticidal composition against a
given pest.
Thus, the terms "control" or "controlling" or grammatical equivalents thereof,
not only
include killing, but also include such activities as repelling, deterring,
inhibiting or killing
egg development or hatching, inhibiting maturation or development, and chemi-
sterilization of larvae or adults. Repellant or deterrent activities may be
the result of
compounds that are poisonous, mildly toxic, or non-poisonous to pests, or may
act as
pheromones in the environment.
[0038] As used herein, the term "pesticidally effective amount" generally
means the
amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures
needed to
achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis,
death,
retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing
the
occurrence and activity of the target pest organism. The pesticidally
effective amount
can vary for the various mixtures / compositions used in the invention. A
pesticidally
effective amount of the mixtures / compositions will also vary according to
the prevailing
conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target
species, locus,
mode of application, and the like.
[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, novel pesticidal
compositions
are disclosed comprising: a pesticidal natural oil active ingredient, a
surfactant operable
to disperse the pesticidal natural oil active ingredient in a water emulsion,
a polymeric
pour point depressant effective to reduce a pour point temperature of said
pesticidal
natural oil active ingredient, and a hydrocarbon solvent.
[0040] In some such embodiments, the polymeric pour point depressant and the
hydrocarbon solvent in combination are effective to reduce a pour point
temperature of
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said pesticidal natural oil active ingredient in the homogenous pesticidal
concentrate
composition.
[0041] In some embodiments as described herein, an emulsifier or other
surfactant
may be used in preparing pesticidal compositions according to aspects of the
present
disclosure, such as may be operable to disperse a pesticidal natural oil
active ingredient
in a water emulsion, for example. Suitable such surfactants can be selected by
one
skilled in the art. Examples of surfactants that can be used in some
embodiments of the
present disclosure include, but are not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate,
saponin,
ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated fatty esters, alkoxylated glycols,
ethoxylated fatty
acids, ethoxylated natural oils, ethoxylated castor oil, glyceryl oleates,
polyethylene
glycol oleyl ether, carboxylated alcohols, carboxylic acids, fatty acids,
ethoxylated
alkylphenols, fatty esters, sodium dodecylsulfide, other fatty acid-based
surfactants,
other natural or synthetic surfactants, and combinations thereof. In some
embodiments,
the surfactant(s) are non-ionic surfactants. In some embodiments, the
surfactant(s) are
cationic or anionic surfactants. In some embodiments, a surfactant may
comprise two
or more surface active agents used in combination. The selection of an
appropriate
surfactant depends upon the relevant applications and conditions of use, and
selection
of appropriate surfactants are known to those skilled in the art.
[0042] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises a polymeric
pour
point depressant comprising at least one polymeric material. As used herein,
the term
"polymeric material" is used to describe a material, compound or composition
that is
defined by or includes at least one polymer or a derivative thereof. In one
non-limiting
example, the polymeric material includes acrylic acid, acrylate, or other
acryl-derived
units. In other examples, the polymeric material may include derivatives of
alkyl
aromatic compounds and/or one or more derivatives thereof. In one specific
example,
the polymeric material may comprise a poly acrylic methacrylate (PAMA) pour
point
depressant polymeric material, for example. Exemplary such PAMA polymeric pour
point depressants may be commercially obtained from Dai-lchi Karkaria Ltd. of
Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA, Evonik Oil Additives
GMBH, of
Darmstadt, Germany (as an Evonik Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point
depressant), or from A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney Australia. It should be
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appreciated that a mixture of two or more of the foregoing non-limiting
polymeric
material examples could also be included in one or more of the pesticidal
compositions
described in this disclosure.
[0043] In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon solvent may comprise limonene,
such
as but not limited to d-limonene, as is widely commercially available, such as
from
Sigma-Aldrich (now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of
Redmond,
WA, USA, Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical,
of
Great Neck, NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA,
Parchem Chemicals, of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City,
TX,
USA, for example.
[0044] In one aspect, a pesticidal composition according to some embodiments
of the
present disclosure additionally comprises one or more suitable carrier or
diluent
component. A suitable carrier or diluent component can be selected by one
skilled in the
art, depending on the particular application desired and the conditions of use
of the
composition. Commonly used carriers and diluents may include ethanol,
isopropanol,
isopropyl myristate, other alcohols, water, neutral oils such as one or more
of mineral
and vegetable oils, and other inert carriers, such as but not limited to those
listed by the
EPA as a Minimal Risk Inert Pesticide Ingredients (4A) (the list of
ingredients published
dated December 2015 by the US EPA FIFRA 4a list published August 2004 entitled
"List 4A - Minimal Risk Inert Ingredients") or, for example, Inert Pesticide
Ingredients
(4B) (the US EPA FIFRA 4b list published August 2004 entitled "List 4B - Other
ingredients for which EPA has sufficient information") or under EPA regulation
40 CFR
180.950 dated May 24, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated herein in its
entirety
for all purposes.
[0045] In some embodiments, pesticidal compositions herein disclosed may also
be
used, for reasons such as but not limited to economy, physical and chemical
stability
and synergy, with acaricides, algicides, antifeedants, avicides, bactericides,
bird
repellents, chemosterilants, fungicides, herbicide safeners, herbicides,
insect
attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disrupters,
molluscicides,
other insecticides, other pesticides, plant activators, plant growth
regulators,
rodenticides, synergists, adjuvants, defoliants, desiccants, disinfectants,
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semiochemicals, and virucides (these categories not necessarily mutually
exclusive), for
example.
[0046] In some embodiments, pesticidal compositions described in this
disclosure may
also be provided with phytologically-acceptable inert ingredients to provide
or
complement a carrier and can be formulated into, for example, concentrated
emulsions,
dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, gels, granules, microencapsulations, seed
treatments,
suspension concentrates, suspension emulsions, and pellets, for example. For
further
information on suitable such formulation types known to those of skill in the
art,
reference may be made to publications such as, for example: "CATALOGUE OF
PESTICIDE FORMULATION TYPES AND INTERNATIONAL CODING SYSTEM"
Technical Monograph No 2, 5th Edition by CropLife International (2002).
[0047] In some embodiments, pesticidal compositions according to aspects of
the
present disclosure may be applied as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared
from
concentrated formulations of such compositions. Such water-soluble, water-
suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations may be provided as liquids typically
known as
emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions or oil suspensions. In an
alternative
embodiment, pesticidal compositions may alternatively be provided as solids,
typically
known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules. In such embodiments,
wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules,
comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide composition, a carrier, and
surfactants. In
some such embodiments, a carrier may typically be chosen from among:
attapulgite and
montmorillonite clay, diatomaceous earth, or purified silicates, for example.
Effective
surfactants for wettable powders and/or granules, which may typically comprise
from
about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder/granule, may comprise
sulfonated
lignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as
ethylene oxide
adducts of alkyl phenols, for example.
[0048] In some embodiments, pesticidal compositions according to aspects of
the
present disclosure may be provided as emulsifiable concentrates, which may
comprise
a convenient concentration of a pesticidal composition that comprises a
mixture of
water-immiscible and emulsifier (or surfactant) components. In some
embodiments,
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suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates may be chosen from anionic
and
nonionic surfactants.
[0049] In some alternative embodiments, pesticidal compositions according to
aspects
of the present disclosure may be applied as granular formulations that are
particularly
useful for applications to soil. Exemplary such granular formulations may
contain the
pesticide composition dispersed in a carrier that comprises clay or a similar
substance.
Such formulations may typically be prepared by dissolving the pesticide
composition in
a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-
formed to the
appropriate particle size, such as in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm.
Such
formulations may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier
and
pesticide composition and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular
particle
size.
[0050] In some further embodiments, dusts, granules, gels or particles
containing a
pesticidal composition may be prepared by intimately mixing the pesticidal
composition
with a suitable dust, granular, gel or particulate agricultural carrier, such
as kaolin clay,
ground volcanic rock, peat, cellulose, clays, hydrogels, charcoal, and the
like, for
example. Dusts, granules, gels or particles can be applied as suitable, such
as as a
seed dressing, soil amendment, top dressing, or as a foliar application with a
dust
blowing machine in the case of dusts, for example.
[0051] In some embodiments, pesticidal compositions may also be applied to
treatment
loci in the form of an aerosol formulation. In such formulations, the
pesticidal
composition may typically be dissolved or dispersed in an aerosol carrier,
such as a
pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol formulation may be
packaged in or
compressed within a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an
atomizing valve, for example.
[0052] In some other embodiments, the pesticidal composition may comprise an
oil-in-
water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each
provided
with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase,
wherein
each oily globule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally
active, and is
individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1)
at least
one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one non-ionic
hydrophilic
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surface-active agent and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein
the
globules having a desired mean particle diameter, such as of less than about
800
nanometers, for example. For further information on suitable such formulation
types
known to those of skill in the art, reference may be made to publications such
as, for
example: "INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT" 2nd Edition by D. Dent, copyright CAB
International (2000); and/or: "HANDBOOK OF PEST CONTROL--THE BEHAVIOR,
LIFE HISTORY, AND CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS" by Arnold Mallis, 9th
Edition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.
Other Formulation Components
[0053] In some embodiments, when the pesticidal compositions disclosed in this
disclosure are used in a formulation, such formulation may also contain other
components. These components include, but are not limited to, (for greater
clarity, the
following is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetters,
spreaders,
stickers, penetrants, buffers, sequestering agents, drift reduction agents,
compatibility
agents, anti-foam agents, cleaning agents, rheology modifying agents,
stabilizers,
dispersing agents, and emulsifiers. A few exemplary such additional
formulation
components are described below.
[0054] A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases
the
spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial
tension between
the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used
for two main
functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to
increase
the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble
liquids or
suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray
tank to
reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of
water
into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable
powder,
suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations are: sodium
lauryl
sulphate; sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and
aliphatic alcohol
ethoxylates.
[0055] A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of
particles
and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents
them from
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reaggregating. Dispersing agents are added to agrochemical formulations to
facilitate
dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles
redisperse
into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders,
suspension
concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as
dispersing
agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide
a charged
or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used
surfactants are
anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder
formulations, the
most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension
concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using
polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde
condensates.
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as
alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes
combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In
recent
years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been
developed as dispersing agents. These have very long hydrophobic 'backbones'
and a
large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the 'teeth' of a 'comb'
surfactant. These
high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to
suspension
concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto
the
particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used in agrochemical
formulations are:
sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde
condensates;
tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates;
alkyl
ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers.
[0056]An emulsifying agent is a substance which stabilizes a suspension of
droplets of
one liquid phase in another liquid phase. Without the emulsifying agent the
two liquids
would typically separate into two immiscible liquid phases. Exemplary commonly
used
emulsifier blends may contain alkylphenol or aliphatic alcohol with 12 or more
ethylene
oxide units and the oil-soluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid
for
example. In some embodiments, a range of hydrophile-lipophile balance ("HLB")
values
from 8 to 18 will normally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability
can
sometimes be improved by the addition of a small amount of an EO-PO block
copolymer surfactant.
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[0057] A solubilizing agent is a surfactant which will form micelles in water
at
concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The micelles are then
able to
dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials inside the hydrophobic part
of the
micelle. Exemplary types of surfactants usually used for solubilization
include non-
ionics: sorbitan monooleates; sorbitan monooleate ethoxylates; and methyl
oleate
esters.
[0058] Thickeners or gelling agents may be typically used mainly in the
formulation of
suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology
or flow
properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the
dispersed particles
or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into
two
categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. In
some
examples, it is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using
clays
and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited
to,
montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite.
Water-
soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many
years.
The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds
and
seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of
materials
include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam;
alginates;
methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl
cellulose
(HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches,
polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide and xanthan gum.
[0059] The presence of surfactants, which lower interfacial tension, often
causes water-
based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in
application of
a pesticidal composition through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency
to foam,
anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before
filling into
bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones
and non-
silicones. Silicones may usually comprise aqueous emulsions of dimethyl
polysiloxane
while the non-silicone anti-foam agents comprise water-insoluble oils, such as
octanol
and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is
to displace
the surfactant from the air-water interface. For further information on
suitable such
other formulation components known to those of skill in the art, reference may
be made
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to publications such as, for example: "CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF
AGROCHEMICAL FORMULATIONS" edited by D. A. Knowles, copyright 1998 by
Kluwer Academic Publishers; and/or: "INSECTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE AND
ENVIRONMENT--RETROSPECTS AND PROSPECTS" by A. S. Perry, I. Yamamoto, I.
Ishaaya, and R. Perry, copyright 1998 by Springer-Verlag.
Applications
[0060] In some embodiments, the actual amount of a pesticidal composition to
be
applied to loci of pests may generally not be critical and can readily be
determined by
those skilled in the art through experience and/or trial and error in
application rates, for
example. In general, concentrations within a range of about 0.01 grams of
pesticidal
active ingredient per hectare to about 5000 grams of pesticidal active
ingredient per
hectare may commonly be use to establish a desired range of application rates
expected to provide good control.
Examples
[0061] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are further described
with
reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative and
non-
limiting in nature.
Example 1
[0062] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising neem oil, a suitable
surfactant,
a polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was prepared
according
to the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 849 g of cold pressed
neem oil,
50 g of octylphenol ethoxylate surfactant, 40.5 g of white mineral oil, 40.5 g
of d-
limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer pour point depressant were mixed
using a
shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room temperature). The composition of the
resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown below in Table 1:
Table 1 ¨ Pesticidal Composition Example 1
Component % by weight
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Cold pressed neem oil 84.9
Octylphenol ethoxylate surfactant 5.0
White mineral oil 4.05
d-limonene 4.05
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
[0063] The resulting pesticidal composition Example 1 was found to have a
minimum
pour point temperature of approximately 0 ¨ 1.5 C. In one such exemplary
embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise Carnation TM mineral oil,
widely
commercially available such as from Sonneborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ, USA, or
Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA, Kraft Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA,
Parchem
Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA, Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON,
Canada, for example. In some such embodiments, the octylphenol ethoxylate
surfactant may comprise Triton X-45 surfactant available from Dow Chemical
Co., of
Midland, MI, USA. In some embodiments, the acrylic polymer pour point
depressant
may comprise a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) polymer in a neutral carrier oil
as is
available from Dai-lchi Karkaria Ltd. of Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol
Corporation,
OH, USA, as a Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point depressant from
Evonik Oil
Additives GMBH, of Darmstadt, Germany, or from A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney
Australia. In some embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon solvent may be
sourced
from known industry vendors, as widely commercially available, such as from
Sigma-
Aldrich (now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of Redmond,
WA,
USA, Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical, of
Great
Neck, NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA,
Parchem
Chemicals, of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City, TX,
USA, for
example.
[0064] In contrast, a substantially similar pesticidal composition to that of
Example 1
was prepared, but prepared without an acrylic polymer pour point depressant or
d-
limonene hydrocarbon solvent component, and instead substituting 6.05 wt. % of
a
neutral oil such as safflower or canola oil. In such case, the resulting
pesticidal
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composition was found to have a minimum pour point temperature of
approximately 8.0
¨8.5 C.
Example 2
[0065] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising neem oil, a suitable
surfactant,
a polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was prepared
according
to the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 750 g of cold pressed
neem oil,
40 g of white mineral oil, 150 g of ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant,
40 g of d-
limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer pour point depressant were mixed
using a
shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room temperature). The composition of the
resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown below in Table 2:
Table 2 - Pesticidal Composition Example 2
Component % by weight
Cold pressed neem oil 75.0
Ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant 15.0
White mineral oil 4.0
d-limonene 4.0
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
[0066] The resulting pesticidal composition Example 2 was found to have a
minimum
pour point temperature of approximately 0 ¨ 1.5 C. In one such exemplary
embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise Carnation TM mineral oil or
equivalent,
widely commercially available such as from Son neborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ,
USA, or
Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA, Kraft Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA,
Parchem
Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA, Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON,
Canada, for example. In some such embodiments, the ethoxylated castor oil
oleate
surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated castor oil mono-oleate non-ionic
surfactant,
such as is widely commercially available, such as from LUENA-Tenside GmbH, or
Leuna, DE, Oleon Corp., of Ertvelde, BE, SigmaChem Corp. of Xiamen, CN, BASF
Canada, of Missisauga, ON, CA, BASF GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, DE, and Wuhan
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Shengmao Corp., of Wuhan, CN, for example. In some embodiments, the acrylic
polymer pour point depressant may comprise a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA)
polymer
in a neutral carrier oil as is available from Dai-lchi Karkaria Ltd. of
Maharashtra, India,
The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA, as a ViscoplexTM 10-series polymeric pour
point
depressant from Evonik Oil Additives GMBH, of Darmstadt, DE, or A S Harrison
Co,
Pty, of Sydney Australia. In some embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon
solvent
may comprise d-limonene obtained from known vendors, as widely commercially
available, such as from Sigma-Aldrich (now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO,
USA,
Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA, Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg,
PA,
USA, Wego Chemical, of Great Neck, NY, USA, Penta International Corporation,
of
Livingston, NJ, USA, Parchem Chemicals, of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute
Oil, of League City, TX, USA, for example.
Example 3
[0067] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising neem oil, suitable
surfactants, a
polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was prepared
according to
the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 700 g of cold pressed
neem oil, 70
g of white mineral oil, 150 g of ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant, 20
g of PEG oleyl
ether surfactant, 40 g of d-limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer pour
point
depressant were mixed using a shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room
temperature).
The composition of the resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown
below in
Table 3:
Table 3 - Pesticidal Composition Example 3
Component % by weight
Cold pressed neem oil 70.0
Ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant 15.0
PEG oleyl ether surfactant 2.0
White mineral oil 7.0
d-limonene 4.0
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
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[0068] The resulting pesticidal composition Example 3 was found to have a
minimum
pour point temperature of approximately 0 ¨ 1.0 C. In one such exemplary
embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise Carnation TM mineral oil or
equivalent,
widely commercially available such as from Son neborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ,
USA, or
Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA, Kraft Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA,
Parchem
Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA, Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON,
Canada, for example. In some such embodiments, the ethoxylated castor oil
oleate
surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated castor oil mono-oleate non-ionic
surfactant,
such as is widely commercially available, such as from LUENA-Tenside GmbH, or
Leuna, DE, Oleon Corp., of Ertvelde, BE, SigmaChem Corp. of Xiamen, CN, BASF
Canada, of Missisauga, ON, CA, BASF GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, DE, and Wuhan
Shengmao Corp., of Wuhan, CN, for example. In some such embodiments, the PEG
oleyl ether surfactant may comprise a non-ionic PEG oleyl ether surfactant,
such as is
widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-Aldrich (now Millipore
Sigma) of St.
Louis, MO, USA, TCI Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., of Chennai, IN, Croda Inc., of
Edison, NJ,
USA, and Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., of New Brunswick, NJ, USA, for example.
[0069] In some embodiments, the acrylic polymer pour point depressant may
comprise
a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) polymer in a neutral carrier oil as is
available from Dai-
lchi Karkaria Ltd. of Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA,
as a
Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point depressant from Evonik Oil
Additives
GMBH, of Darmstadt, DE, or A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney Australia. In some
embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon solvent may comprise d-limonene
obtained
from known vendors, as is widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-
Aldrich
(now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical, of Great
Neck,
NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA, Parchem
Chemicals,
of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City, TX, USA, for
example.
Example 4
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[0070] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising neem oil, suitable
surfactants, a
polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was prepared
according to
the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 700 g of cold pressed
neem oil, 50
g of white mineral oil, 150 g of ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant, 40
g of PEG oleyl
ether surfactant, 40 g of d-limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer pour
point
depressant were mixed using a shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room
temperature).
The composition of the resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown
below in
Table 4:
Table 4 - Pesticidal Composition Example 4
Component % by weight
Cold pressed neem oil 70.0
Ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant 15.0
PEG oleyl ether surfactant 4.0
White mineral oil 5.0
d-limonene 4.0
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
[0071] The resulting pesticidal composition Example 4 was found to have a
minimum
pour point temperature of approximately 0 ¨ 1.0 C. In one such exemplary
embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise Carnation TM mineral oil or
equivalent,
widely commercially available such as from Son neborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ,
USA, or
Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA, Kraft Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA,
Parchem
Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA, Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON,
Canada, for example. In some such embodiments, the ethoxylated castor oil
oleate
surfactant may comprise an ethoxylated castor oil mono-oleate non-ionic
surfactant,
such as is widely commercially available, such as from LUENA-Tenside GmbH, or
Leuna, DE, Oleon Corp., of Ertvelde, BE, SigmaChem Corp. of Xiamen, CN, BASF
Canada, of Missisauga, ON, CA, BASF GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, DE, and Wuhan
Shengmao Corp., of Wuhan, CN, for example. In some such embodiments, the PEG
oleyl ether surfactant may comprise a non-ionic PEG oleyl ether surfactant,
such as is
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widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-Aldrich (now Millipore
Sigma) of St.
Louis, MO, USA, TCI Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., of Chennai, IN, Croda Inc., of
Edison, NJ,
USA, and Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., of New Brunswick, NJ, USA, for example.
[0072] In some embodiments, the acrylic polymer pour point depressant may
comprise
a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) polymer in a neutral carrier oil as is
available from Dai-
lchi Karkaria Ltd. of Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA,
as a
Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point depressant from Evonik Oil
Additives
GMBH, of Darmstadt, DE, or A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney Australia. In some
embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon solvent may comprise d-limonene
obtained
from known vendors, as is widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-
Aldrich
(now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical, of Great
Neck,
NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA, Parchem
Chemicals,
of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City, TX, USA, for
example.
Example 5
[0073] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising karanja oil, suitable
surfactants,
a polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was prepared
according
to the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 700 g of cold pressed
karanja oil,
70 g of white mineral oil, 150 g of ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant,
20 g of PEG
oleyl ether surfactant, 40 g of d-limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer
pour point
depressant were mixed using a shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room
temperature).
The composition of the resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown
below in
Table 5:
Table 5 - Pesticidal Composition Example 5
Component % by weight
Cold pressed karanja oil 70.0
Ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant 15.0
PEG oleyl ether surfactant 2.0
White mineral oil 7.0
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d-limonene 4.0
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
[0074] In one such exemplary embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise
Carnation TM mineral oil or equivalent, widely commercially available such as
from
Sonneborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ, USA, or Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Kraft
Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA, Parchem Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA,
Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON, Canada, for example. In some such
embodiments, the ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant may comprise an
ethoxylated
castor oil mono-oleate non-ionic surfactant, such as is widely commercially
available,
such as from LUENA-Tenside GmbH, or Leuna, DE, Oleon Corp., of Ertvelde, BE,
SigmaChem Corp. of Xiamen, CN, BASF Canada, of Missisauga, ON, CA, BASF
GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, DE, and Wuhan Shengmao Corp., of Wuhan, CN, for
example. In some such embodiments, the PEG oleyl ether surfactant may comprise
a
non-ionic PEG oleyl ether surfactant, such as is widely commercially
available, such as
from Sigma-Aldrich (now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, TCI Chemicals
Pvt.
Ltd., of Chennai, IN, Croda Inc., of Edison, NJ, USA, and Spectrum Chemical
Mfg.
Corp., of New Brunswick, NJ, USA, for example.
[0075] In some embodiments, the acrylic polymer pour point depressant may
comprise
a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) polymer in a neutral carrier oil as is
available from Dai-
lchi Karkaria Ltd. of Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA,
as a
Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point depressant from Evonik Oil
Additives
GMBH, of Darmstadt, DE, or A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney Australia. In some
embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon solvent may comprise d-limonene
obtained
from known vendors, as is widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-
Aldrich
(now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical, of Great
Neck,
NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA, Parchem
Chemicals,
of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City, TX, USA, for
example.
Example 6
26
CA 03096451 2020-10-07
WO 2019/195948 PCT/CA2019/050778
[0076] An exemplary pesticidal composition comprising karanja oil, a suitable
surfactant, a polymeric pour point depressant, and a hydrocarbon solvent, was
prepared
according to the following description. In an open mixing vessel, 750 g of
cold pressed
karanja oil, 40 g of white mineral oil, 150 g of ethoxylated castor oil oleate
surfactant, 40
g of d-limonene, and 20 g of an acrylic polymer pour point depressant were
mixed using
a shear mixer at approximately 20 C (room temperature). The composition of the
resulting pesticidal composition is therefore as shown below in Table 6:
Table 6 ¨ Pesticidal Composition Example 6
Component % by weight
Cold pressed karanja oil 75.0
White mineral oil 4.0
Ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant 15.0
d-limonene 4.0
Acrylic polymer pour point depressant 2.0
[0077] In one such exemplary embodiment, the white mineral oil may comprise
Carnation TM mineral oil or equivalent, widely commercially available such as
from
Sonneborn LLC, of Parsippany, NJ, USA, or Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Kraft
Chemical of Melrose Park, IL, USA, Parchem Chemicals, New Rochelle, NY, USA,
Petro-Canada Lubricants, of Missisauga, ON, Canada, for example. In some such
embodiments, the ethoxylated castor oil oleate surfactant may comprise an
ethoxylated
castor oil mono-oleate non-ionic surfactant, such as is widely commercially
available,
such as from LUENA-Tenside GmbH, or Leuna, DE, Oleon Corp., of Ertvelde, BE,
SigmaChem Corp. of Xiamen, CN, BASF Canada, of Missisauga, ON, CA, BASF
GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, DE, and Wuhan Shengmao Corp., of Wuhan, CN, for
example.
[0078] In some embodiments, the acrylic polymer pour point depressant may
comprise
a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) polymer in a neutral carrier oil as is
available from Dai-
lchi Karkaria Ltd. of Maharashtra, India, The Lubrizol Corporation, OH, USA,
as a
Viscoplex TM 10-series polymeric pour point depressant from Evonik Oil
Additives
27
CA 03096451 2020-10-07
WO 2019/195948 PCT/CA2019/050778
GMBH, of Darmstadt, DE, or A S Harrison Co, Pty, of Sydney Australia. In some
embodiments, d-limonene as a hydrocarbon solvent may comprise d-limonene
obtained
from known vendors, as is widely commercially available, such as from Sigma-
Aldrich
(now Millipore Sigma) of St. Louis, MO, USA, Univar USA, of Redmond, WA, USA,
Vigon International, Inc., of E. Stroudsburg, PA, USA, Wego Chemical, of Great
Neck,
NY, USA, Penta International Corporation, of Livingston, NJ, USA, Parchem
Chemicals,
of New Rochelle, NY, USA, and Resolute Oil, of League City, TX, USA, for
example.
[0079] While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed
above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications,
permutations,
additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the
following
appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all
such
modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are consistent
with the
broadest interpretation of the specification as a whole.
28
