Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 03112832 2021-03-15
HRG1-PT138
(200565CHWOUS)
DEVICE FOR PREVENTING SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH AN
APERTURE OR A PRODUCTION-RELATED DUCT IN A WALL, AND A METHOD
FOR SOUNDTIGHT CLOSURE OF AN APERTURE OR A PRODUCTION-
RELATED DUCT IN A WALL
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to a device for preventing the transmission
of
sound through an aperture or a manufacturing-related duct in a wall according
to the
preamble of patent claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for the
sound-tight
closure of an aperture or a manufacturing-related duct in a wall according to
the
preamble of claim 11.
BACKGROUND
[0002] When constructing walls of concrete with large-area formworks, it
is
necessary to keep the formwork boards constituting the formwork at an exact
distance from one another and, by means of clamping rods, to absorb the
pressure
created by the liquid concrete. For this purpose, spacer tubes are inserted
between
the two formwork boards constituting the formwork for the wall to be
constructed.
The length of these spacer tubes with the end pieces fitted on their ends
corresponds
to the thickness of the wall. The clamping rods are guided through the spacer
tubes
and also through the abutting formwork boards. Nuts which abut the outer side
of
the formwork boards and thus can absorb the forces from the backfilled liquid
concrete composition are fitted on the free ends of the clamping rods that
project
beyond the outer skin of the formwork boards. After the concrete composition
has
hardened and the formwork boards and clamping rods have been removed, passages
or apertures which connect the two surfaces of the wall remain in the freshly
constructed wall. The two openings of said passages are usually closed by
plastic
plugs.
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[0003] In housing construction, where high requirements are placed on
noise
protection and sound damping, these cavities between the two closure plugs
form
acoustic bridges. Thus for example in concreted stairwells the footfalls and
voice
sound generated there penetrate the walls and disturb people in living spaces
in the
adjacent homes or offices.
[0004] It is known from the prior art either to plug the cavities with
steel wool
or to fill the cavities with cement or mortar in such cases and/or in the
regions where
transmission of sound must not take place. Both procedures are very work-
intensive
and, if not carried out carefully and without an air gap, the sound can
continue to
penetrate the wall. After the mortar has hardened, spacer tubes filled with
mortar
are still permeable to sound as a result of the shrinkage thereof.
SUMMARY
[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a device by which
the
transmission of sound through spacer tubes in concreted walls or through other
ducts,
resulting from manufacturing during the construction of concrete walls, in the
wall
or wall apertures is prevented. The degree of the suppression of the
transmission of
sound has to correspond at least to that value which allows for the
surrounding wall
region of the spacer tube.
[0006] A further object of the invention is to provide a device which can
be
produced cost-effectively and can be used with a small amount of work.
[0007] A further object consists in providing a method which facilitates
the
closing of the sound-conducting region of the spacer tube.
[0008] A further object is to provide a device which can be inserted in a
sound-
tight manner into tubes that vary greatly in their internal diameters.
[0009] This object is achieved by a device according to the features of
patent
claim 1 and by a method according to claim 11. Advantageous configurations of
the
device are described in the dependent claims.
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HRG1-PT138
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[0010] What is provided according to the invention is a device for
preventing
the transmission of sound, e.g. through a spacer tube of plastic, concrete or
steel for
clamping rods and further production-related regions on concrete structures
that
penetrate the walls, in which device, after the concrete wall has been
finished, a
sound-damping material is introduced into the spacer tube or into the
apertures
having different cross sections, wherein the sound-damping material is shaped
as a
prefabricated plug-shaped or rod-shaped damping body and formed such that it
can
be pushed into the aperture or duct.
[0011] The device is further distinguished in that the sound-damping
material
is encased in a tubular or hose-shaped casing, which casing can be pushed into
the
aperture. The device can be inserted without tools and with a minimum of time
expenditure.
[0012] The device is further distinguished in that concrete, mortar,
fibrous
material, foam or solid plastic or a material which absorbs noises is used as
sound-
damping material.
[0013] In particular, the tubular or hose-shaped casing can comprise a
wound
tube of paper or plastic, a hose or a tube. In the case of a wound tube of
paper, it can
be moistened before being pushed into the aperture such that, as a result of
swelling
of the paper, the device lies in the aperture in a clamped manner without an
air gap
after the pushing-in operation.
[0014] It is preferable if the rod-shaped damping body has a length which
corresponds to the length of the aperture or is shorter than the aperture,
wherein the
region which is not plugged is closed by end caps or plugs. An exactly
predefined
length makes it possible to achieve the maximum sound damping.
[0015] With an extremely sound-absorbing material, the maximum sound
damping can also be achieved when it is in the form of a cylinder or element
designed
in a different shape that is shorter, and the spacer tube is closed by two
conventional
closure plugs at the ends thereof.
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HRG1-PT138
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[0016] In a particularly advantageous configuration of the device, the
damping
body is fastened to a closure plug for closing the damped spacer tube. In the
case of a
device which are connected to the closure plugs, the result is not necessarily
an
additional handling requirement since, when the closure plug is being pushed
at the
same time into the end region of the spacer tube, the sound damping is
ensured.
[0017] In another preferred configuration of the invention, at the
closure plugs
for closing the spacer tube, rod-shaped damping bodies are attached or formed
as part
of the closure plug, wherein the damping bodies can be shorter than the spacer
tube.
It is preferable if the front end of the damping body or closure plug runs in
a conical
manner. The remaining part is somewhat larger than the cross section of the
aperture
to be closed, in order to obtain a secure, airtight and sound-tight closure.
The lateral
surface of the damping body or closure plug can comprise additional encircling
fins,
ribs or 0-rings which further reliably prevent the passage of sound through
the
labyrinthine formation.
[0018] In a further preferred configuration of the damping body, the
surface
thereof can be covered with a flocking or a foam-rubber cover, and as a result
the
formation of a gap between the spacer tube and the damping body can be
compensated. Instead of a flocking, it is also possible to coat the surface
with a very
soft plastic or a foam in order to achieve the same aim, specifically the
consequent
prevention of an air gap.
[0019] If the closure plugs are produced directly with sound-damping
material,
there can be a further saving of time and costs and it is additionally ensured
that no
spacer tubes without sound damping are present.
[0020] It is preferable if the rod-shaped damping bodies are
prefabricated to
the dimension of the usual thickness of walls.
[0021] As an alternative, rod-shaped damping bodies can be produced in
greater lengths and cut to size at the building site before insertion into the
aperture
or, if longer pieces are inserted, the protruding regions can be severed or
cut off. When
using rod-shaped damping bodies which are longer than the thickness of the
wall, the
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HRG1-PT138
(200565CHWOUS)
logistics are therefore simplified, since the damping bodies which have been
correspondingly cut to length do not have to be commissioned and provided in
advance, but rather they are respectively adapted as required to the thickness
of the
wall. The rod-shaped damping bodies can be automatically prefabricated and
therefore produced in a cost-effective manner and can be transported to the
building
site easily and in the respectively required quantity.
[0022] When using wound tubes of paper, said wound tubes or a soft
coating
applied thereto can be briefly moistened before insertion into the spacer
rods, with
the result that a tight closure of the aperture can be achieved by virtue of
the swelling
of the paper.
[0023] It is also possible for the prefabricated, rod-shaped damping
bodies to be
dislocated by untrained auxiliary personnel and nevertheless an optimum sound
protection to be achieved without complicated method steps having to be
practiced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The invention will be explained in more detail by an exemplary
embodiment of an aperture or duct with reference to a spacer tube.
[0025] In the figures:
[0026] Figure 1 shows an arrangement of a spacer tube between two
formwork boards with an inserted clamping rod according to the prior art,
[0027] Figure 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a damping body
for
preventing the transmission of sound,
[0028] Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a spacer tube with
severable end pieces,
[0029] Figure 4 shows a cross section through a wall of concrete after
the
stripping operation,
[0030] Figure 5 shows a cross section through the wall according to
figure
4 with an inserted sound-damping and sound-absorbing damping body,
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HRG1-PT138
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[0031] Figure 6 shows a cross section through the wall with a sound-
absorbing damping body composed of a wound tube with a filling of concrete or
mortar,
[0032] Figure 7 shows a cross section through a wall with a spacer
tube,
which is closed on both sides by closure plugs and has a damping body in
between,
[0033] Figure 8 shows various closure caps for closing the open ends
of the
spacer tubes on the finished wall with and without a rod-shaped, sound-damping
damping body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Figure 1 shows a spacer tube 1 known from the prior art,
comprising a
substantially cylindrical guide tube 3, having an inner lateral surface 13 and
an outer
lateral surface 15, and two end pieces 5 arranged on the end faces of the
guide tube
3. In the case of this known spacer tube 1 according to Figure 1, the end
pieces 5 are
pushed in the guide tube 3. They comprise a conical casing 7 which comes to
lie
outside the guide tube 3, a cylindrical portion 9. The two end pieces 5 are
pushed into
the guide tube 3 before the inserting operation between two formwork boards
11. The
end pieces 5 can be consolidated with the guide tube 3 at the manufacturer or
at the
building site. This assembly work is usually done at the building site.
Initially, the
end pieces 5 can be pushed in fully or only partially; however, once a
clamping rod 12
is inserted into the guide tube 3 and the formwork boards 11 are pressed
against the
spacer tube 1 with nuts fitted on the end face (said nuts not being
illustrated in Figure
1), the cylindrical portions of the end pieces 5 slide completely into the
guide tube 3.
[0035] After the mutual bracing of the two formwork boards 11 and the
required reinforcing iron is installed, the intermediate space between the
formwork
boards 11 can be filled with liquid concrete. The formwork boards remain on
the wall
until it is at least partially hardened.
[0036] After the hardening, the formwork boards 11 can be taken off after
releasing the nuts on the clamping rods 12 and the clamping rods 12 can be
removed
from the spacer tubes 1. The end pieces 5 are likewise removed by being pulled
out of
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HRG1-PT138
(200565CHWOUS)
the surface of the finished wall 15. What remain are frustoconical depressions
21 in
the surface of the wall 15 and cylindrical spaces connecting the two surfaces
of the
wall 15.
[0037] To prevent the passage of sound through the passages from the one
side
to the other side of the wall 15, the material which is intended to damp the
sound is
inserted as a rod-shaped damping body 21. In a first embodiment according to
Figure
5, a cylindrical damping body 21, as illustrated in Figure 2, which is shorter
than the
length of the guide tube 3 is pushed into said opening. The length of the
damping
body 21 is dimensioned such that a closure plug 25 can also be pushed into the
guide
tube 3 from either side and thus the frustoconical depression 23 can be closed
in an
esthetically neat manner. The rod-shaped damping body 21 can consist of
concrete or
mortar or of another material which absorbs sound and/or does not conduct
sound,
such as plastic, hard foam or a pressed material that preferably does not
absorb water
and is resistant to moisture.
[0038] In a further configuration, the damping body 21 comprises a sleeve
25
of cardboard, preferably a wound sleeve of paper, the interior space 29 of
which is
filled with mortar, concrete or another suitable sound-damping material (Fig.
3). The
sleeve 27 can also consist of a closed, porous hard foam or a hose.
[0039] Illustrated in the partial cross section through the wall 15
according to
Figure 4 is the guide tube, referenced with reference sign 3. What can be seen
on both
end faces of the guide tube 3 are the conical indentations of the plug regions
19 which
have become visible after removing the end pieces 5. It can also be seen that
there is
now a direct connection through the interior of the guide tube 3 from both
sides of the
wall and consequently any sound can penetrate the wall 15 unimpeded, however
thick it may be. This cylindrical space 17, which has a diameter in the order
of
magnitude of from 20 mm to 36 mm with a tolerance of up to 3 mm, was filled
previously with steel wool as explained at the outset, i.e. it is necessary to
manually
plug the steel wool into this narrow duct which, in power plants, is up to
several
meters in length.
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HRG1-PT138
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[0040]
In another known embodiment (Fig. 5), concrete or mortar is filled into
this horizontally running, narrow space. This is complex, and most notably the
filling
and/or sealing to 100% is scarcely achieved as a result, since after the
hardening a
narrow gap created by shrinkage already lets noises through.
Figure 6 now shows a configuration of a damping body 21 according to the
invention, which has been pushed axially into the guide tube 3. The diameter
of the
damping body 21 has an external diameter which abuts the internal diameter of
the
guide tube 3 in an airtight manner and consequently is somewhat larger than
the
internal diameter of the guide tube or through-duct and has a conically
extending
end. The damping body 21 can be shorter than the guide tube 3 in order also to
be
able to insert a closure plug 25 at both sides which, held in the end regions
of the
guide tube 3, completely or partially fills the frustoconical plug region 23
in order to
satisfy esthetics and also to eliminate the visible remnant of the spacer
tube. The
closure plug 25 is described later on.
In a further configuration of the damping body 21, it comprises a sleeve 27,
for
example of cardboard or paper or else another cost-effective material, into
which
concrete, cement, mortar, insulating foam or a plastics composition is filled.
The
diameter of the sleeve 27 is dimensioned in such a way that it can be pushed
in easily.
If the sleeve 27, when it consists of paper, has also been briefly moistened
beforehand,
it expands in the guide tube 3 after being pushed in. The plug region 19 is
closed as
described in relation to Figure 5. It goes without saying that, instead of a
closure plug
25, the depression could also be filled with mortar.
The inserted damping body 21 makes it possible to achieve the situation in
which the sound penetrating the spacer tube 1 is at least not greater than
that
penetrating the surrounding wall, and thus an acoustic bridge is no longer
present.
Further formations of the damping body 21 are illustrated in Figure 8. The
damping body 21 is either plugged into a corresponding receptacle on the
closure plug
25 and protrudes into the interior of the guide tube 3 after the fitting of
the closure
plug 25 (Figs. 8h and 8d). The length of the damping body 21, which is
fastened to the
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closure plug 25, is preferably somewhat smaller than half the thickness of the
wall
15. If a material which damps especially well is used for the damping body 21,
the
length can be much less than half the thickness of the wall 15.
In a further configuration, the closure plug 25 illustrated in Figure 8c can
consist as a whole of the material used for the damping body 21, i.e. the
conical plug
region 19 is not produced from plastic but from the same material as the
damping
body 21, e.g. from concrete, mortar, plastic or another sound-damping or sound-
absorbing material.
Such closure plugs make it possible to prevent the passage of sound through
the spacer tube 1 from both sides of the spacer tube 1. The position of the
closure plug
25 illustrated in Figure 8a can be seen in Figure 7 on the left side.
Figures 8c and 8d show a recessed closure plug with sound protection damping.
Such closure plugs 19 also serve to close the ends of the spacer tube 1 when a
damping
body 21 is not inserted between the closure plugs 25 in the center of the
spacer tube
1.
In a further configuration, encircling fins 26 for tight sealing with the
aperture
can be formed on the closure plug 25. The fins 26 act as a labyrinth and
consequently
the fins 26 do not have to abut the spacer tube 1 closely. It goes without
saying that
fins 26 and for example flocking can be combined with one another on the
lateral
surface of the spacer tube 1.
In a manner analogous to the prevention of the transmission of sound through
a spacer tube 1, the damping bodies with a corresponding geometric shaping can
be
used naturally also for sound damping or sound absorption in apertures in
walls in
which tubes have not been inserted.
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