Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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TITLE
COATING COMPOSITION FOR SURFACE TEMPERATURE REDUCTION
FIELD
[0001] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.
Provisional
Application No. 62/822,246 filed on March 22, 2019, the entire disclosure of
which is
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
[0002] The present technology relates to a coating composition for reducing
the surface
temperature of a substrate to which it is applied.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In general, surfaces exposed to sources of UV-radiation can become
hot to the
touch due, at least in part, to the absorption of the light rays by the
surface. Dark surfaces, such
as black-colored surfaces, can absorb nearly all wavelengths of light. When
the light radiation is
absorbed, it converts to other forms of energy, usually heat, which is then
emitted by the surface.
Accordingly, the darker an object, the better it emits heat and therefore the
hotter it is to the
touch.
[0004] Anyone walking across asphalt on a hot, sunny day knows first-hand
the extent of
the heat of the asphalt. Additionally, a swimmer can face the same issues when
he exits a pool on
a hot, sunny day, only to place his or her bare feet on the scalding hot
concrete outside of the
pool and quickly dash into the shade for relief Apart from being unpleasant,
these hot surfaces
can go as far as to damage the feet of adults and children who walk across
them, not to mention
the footpads of dogs, cats, and other animals.
[0005] There are coating compositions attempting to combat these problems.
The current
coating compositions incorporate infrared reflective pigment technologies to
minimize heat build
in coated surfaces exposed to sunlight. However, this type of composition only
addresses one
issue relating to surfaces in the sun and therefore is limited in its ability
to drop the temperature
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of a coated surface. Further, the infrared reflective pigments are expensive
and are only available
in limited colors, thus limiting options available to potential customers.
Other compositions fail
to reflect and/or scatter UV light as a means for reducing the temperature of
a coated surface.
[0006] Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved coating composition
that is cost-
effective, available in a wide range of colors, and allows for improved
surface temperature
reduction through various means.
SUMMARY
[0007] The present technology relates to a coating composition suitable for
maintaining a
cooler surface temperature in the presence of a UV source, e.g., the sun, as
compared with a
control coating composition. The coating composition can reflect the sun's
rays to provide a
cooler surface when compared to control compositions of similar colors. The
composition may
be used to coat a variety of substrates and may be used, for example, as a
coating for walking
surfaces. When applied to a walking surface, the coating can provide a much
cooler surface that
is barefoot-friendly, even in the presence of the sun or other strong UV-ray
sources.
[0008] The coating composition of the present technology may include a
carrier, a
binder, a thickener, a spherical-shaped glass, and an additive. In an
embodiment, the coating
composition may include a filler and/or a colorant. The composition may
include a filler. In an
embodiment, the coating composition does not include raw umber. In an
embodiment, the
coating composition does not include carbon black. In one embodiment, the
coating composition
is free of raw umber. In one embodiment, the composition is free of both
carbon black and raw
umber.
[0009] In an embodiment, the composition may include about 0.1 to about 5
wt. %
thickener. The thickener may be selected from any appropriate material,
including, but not
limited to, hydroxyethyl cellulose.
[0010] In an embodiment, the composition may include about 10 to about 20
wt. % glass.
The glass may be selected from any appropriate material including, but not
limited to, spherical-
shaped silicate glass or borosilicate.
[0011] In an embodiment, the composition may exhibit high film build.
[0012] In an embodiment, the composition does not include carbon black.
[0013] In an embodiment, the composition does not include raw umber.
[0014] In an aspect, the present technology discloses an article having at
least one surface
coated with the coating composition. The article may be made of any
appropriate material,
including, but not limited to, concrete, brick, stucco, asphalt, wood, metal,
plaster, roof shingles,
or plastic.
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[0015] The coated surface of the article has a solar reflectance value of
at least 25% more
than a surface coated with a conventional coating. Further, the coated surface
may have a
reduced surface temperature of over 25 F as compared to a surface coated with
a conventional
coating. In an embodiment, the spherical-shaped glass of the coating
composition reflects UV
light. In an embodiment, the high film build reflects UV light.
[0016] In one aspect, the present technology provides a process for
preparing a coating
composition including providing a carrier, a binder, a thickener, a spherical-
shaped glass, and an
additive and mixing the aforementioned components together. In an embodiment,
the coating
composition may develop a high film build.
[0017] In one aspect, the coating composition includes a carrier, a binder,
a thickener
configured to create a high film build, and an additive.
[0018] In an aspect, the coating composition includes a carrier, a binder,
a thickener, and
no carbon black.
[0019] These and other aspects and embodiments are further understood with
reference
to the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the coating composition on a
surface;
[0021] Figure 2 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between
a control
and a prototype coating composition after 30 minutes of heat source exposure
in a laboratory;
[0022] Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the temperature differences of 18
color
variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 30
minutes of heat source
exposure in a laboratory;
[0023] Figure 4 is a bar chart comparing the percentage temperature
differences of 18
color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 30
minutes of heat
source exposure in a laboratory;
[0024] Figure 5 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between
a control
and a prototype coating composition after 240 minutes of heat source exposure
in a laboratory;
[0025] Figure 6 is a bar chart comparing the temperature differences of 6
color variations
of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 240 minutes of heat
source exposure in
a laboratory;
[0026] Figure 7 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between
a control
and a prototype coating composition on exposure over concrete;
[0027] Figure 8 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between
5 color
variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition on exposure
over concrete;
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[0028] Figure 9 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between
5 color
variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition on exposure
over concrete;
[0029] Figure 10 is a boxplot comparing the total solar reflectance of a
control versus a
prototype coating composition;
[0030] Figure 11 is a bar chart highlighting the total solar reflectance of
17 color
variations of a control versus a prototype coating composition;
[0031] Figure 12 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions and a control;
[0032] Figure 13 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions;
[0033] Figure 14 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions;
[0034] Figure 15 is a bar graph comparing the maximum temperature
difference of
prototype compositions versus a control;
[0035] Figure 16 is a bar graph comparing the maximum temperature
difference of
prototype compositions versus a control;
[0036] Figure 17 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions and a control;
[0037] Figure 18 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions;
[0038] Figure 19 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions;
[0039] Figure 20 is a line chart comparing the temperature difference of
prototype
compositions;
[0040] Figure 21 is a bar graph comparing the maximum temperature
difference of
prototype compositions versus a control;
[0041] Figure 22 is a bar graph comparing the maximum temperature
difference of
prototype compositions versus a control;
[0042] Figure 23 is a bar graph showing the temperatures of coating
compositions of
different colors formulated from a white base coating over time compared to
bare concrete;
[0043] Figure 24 is a bar graph showing the maximum temperature difference
of the
coating compositions from Figure 23 compared to bare concrete;
[0044] Figure 25 is a bar graph showing the temperatures of coating
compositions of
different colors compared to bare concrete;
[0045] Figure 26 is a bar graph showing the maximum temperature difference
of the
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coating compositions of Figure 25 compared to bare concrete;
[0046] Figure 27 is a bar graph showing the temperatures of coating
compositions of
different colors formulated from a white base coating over time compared to
bare concrete;
[0047] Figure 28 is a bar graph showing the maximum temperature difference
of the
coating composition of Figure 27 compared to bare concrete;
[0048] Figure 29 is a bar graph showing the temperatures of coating
compositions of
different colors compared to bare concrete; and
[0049] Figure 30 is a bar graph showing the maximum temperature difference
of the
coating compositions of Figure 29 compared to bare concrete.
[0050] The drawings are not to scale unless otherwise noted. The drawings
are for the
purpose of illustrating aspects and embodiments of the present technology and
are not intended
to limit the technology to those aspects illustrated therein. Aspects and
embodiments of the
present technology can be further understood with reference to the following
detailed
description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] The present technology provides a coating composition suitable for
maintaining a
cooler surface temperature in the presence of a UV source, e.g., the sun, as
compared with a
control coating composition and/or compared to an uncoated surface. Without
being bound to
any particular theory, the coating composition can reflect the sun's rays to
provide a cooler
surface when compared to control compositions of similar colors. The coatings
can be used to
coat a variety of substrates and can be used, for example, as a coating for
walking surfaces.
When applied to a walking surface, the coating composition may provide a much
cooler, slip-
resistant surface that is barefoot-friendly, even in the presence of the sun
or other strong UV
source.
[0052] The coating composition of the present technology may include a
carrier, a
binder, a thickener, a glass, an additive, a filler, and a colorant. Each of
such ingredients may
comprise a single component or several different components. The coating
composition may not
include all of the above components. In an embodiment, the composition may not
include a
thickener. In an embodiment, the composition may not include a glass. In an
embodiment, the
composition may not include carbon black. In an embodiment, the composition
may not include
raw umber.
[0053] The coating composition may include a carrier component. The carrier
is a fluid
component which serves to carry all of the other composition components. The
carrier is part of
the wet composition and usually evaporates as the composition forms a film and
dries on a
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surface. In latex compositions, the carrier is usually water. In oil-based
compositions, the carrier
is usually an organic solvent, including but not limited to, alkylene
carbonates, aliphatics,
aromatics, alcohols, ketones, ethers, glycols, etc. Non-limiting examples of
materials suitable as
a carrier include, for example, dimethyl carbonate, Oxsol0 100, Mineral
Spirits, and Aromatic
Naptha 100. The amount and type of carrier is usually determined by features
of the other
coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of carrier may
range from
about 10 to about 40 wt. %, from about 15 to about 35 wt. %, from about 20 to
about 30 wt. %,
and even about 22 to about 26 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the
carrier may be
approximately 23 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the carrier may
be approximately
25 wt. % of the composition. It will be appreciated that a plurality of
carrier materials may be
employed in the compositions and may include different carriers from within a
given category
(e.g., different alkylene carbonates) and/or carriers from different
categories or classes of
materials.
[0054] The coating composition may include a binder component. The binder
component
is what causes the composition to form a film on and adhere to a surface. In a
latex composition,
the binder is a latex resin, usually selected from acrylics, vinyl acrylics,
and/or styrene acrylics.
Still other binders include urethane fortified acrylics and acrylic-epoxy
hybrid materials. In a
latex composition, the latex resin particles usually are in a dispersion with
water as the carrier. In
an embodiment, the binders may be RHOPLEX AC-2829 and ROPAQUE OP-96. In still
another
embodiment, the binder comprises a 100% self crosslinking acrylic. In an oil-
based composition,
the binder may be any appropriate material, including, but not limited to,
alkyd (polyester resin),
alkyd modified with phenolic resin, styrene, vinyl toluene, acrylic mononers,
silicone, and
polyurethanes. In one embodiment, the binder in an oil-based composition is
chosen from a
methylmethacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, or related chemistries. The amount
and type of
binder is usually determined by features of the other coating composition
components. In an
embodiment, the amount of binder may range from about 30 to about 60 wt. %,
from about 35 to
about 55 wt. %, from about 40 to about 50 wt. %, and even from about 42 to
about 46 wt. % of
the composition. In an embodiment, the binder may be approximately 45 wt. % of
the
composition. In an embodiment, the binder may be approximately 49 wt. % of the
composition.
[0055] The coating composition may also include a thickener component.
Thickeners are
additives which, when added to a carrier in small amounts, raise its
viscosity. Typically, the
viscosity of the carrier may change from one poise to about 20-100 poises on
the addition of
about 0.5 to about 4 wt. % based upon solids content of thickener used.
[0056] The amount and type of thickener is usually determined by features
of the other
coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of thickener may
range from
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about 0 to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 4 wt. %, from about 0.1 to
about 3 wt. %,
from about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, and even from about 0.5 to about 1 wt. % of
the composition. In
an embodiment, the thickener may be approximately 0.4606 wt. % of the
composition. In an
embodiment, the thickener may be approximately 0.4136 wt. % of the
composition.
[0057] Thickeners are commonly classified as "natural" or "synthetic."
Examples of
suitable natural thickeners include, but are not limited to, casein and
alginates. Examples of
synthetic thickeners include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl cellulose
(HEC), alkali soluble
emulsions (ASE thickeners), hydrophobically-modified ethylene, oxide urethane
(HEUR
thickeners), hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC),
hydrophoically-
modified ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (HMEHEC), methylethldrooxyethylcellulose
(MEHEC),
hydrophobically-modified alkali soluble emulsion (HASE), polyether polyol,
silicas, talc, clays,
cornstarch, sulfonates, saccharides, modified castor oil, etc.. Of these, the
acrylic thickeners are
often preferred as they are not prone to bacterial or fungal attack on
storage. Natural or synthetic
cellulosic thickeners may also be used. However, when they are used
bactericides and fungicides
may need to be added to the composition.
[0058] The unique thickening properties of thickeners are due to their
ability to absorb
large quantities of water leading to a great deal of swelling. In the case of
acrylic thickeners, this
property is achieved by incorporating an acidic monomer, such as methacrylic
acid, as a
copolymer during the synthesis. The finished polymer, when partially or fully
neutralized, swells
and takes up water. The neutralizing agents used can be inorganic, such as
sodium hydroxide or
ammonia, or inorganic, such as amines. The extent of thickening achieved can
be further
controlled by the addition of solvents such as alcohols, for example,
methanol, ethanol and
butanol, or ketones such as acetone, methylethyl ketone, or other solvents
such as propasol, butyl
cellosolve, and/or butyl carbitol. Other solvents, where useable, are
generally mentioned in the
trade literature supplied by the manufacturer. Additional control of the
extent of thickening can
be obtained by using different concentrations of the thickener, higher
concentrations giving a
greater extent of thickening. Increased thickness of a coating composition may
improve the heat
reflective and scattering properties of an article coating in the composition.
[0059] The coating composition may also include a glass component. The
glass
component may be selected from any appropriate material, including, but not
limited to, silicate
glasses, such as fused quartz, fused silica glass, vitreous silica glass, soda-
lime-silica glass,
sodium borosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, lead-oxide glass, crystal
glass, aluminosilicate
glass, and germanium oxide glass, phosphate glasses, or a combination of two
or more thereof
[0060] In an embodiment, the glass is borosilicate glass. Borosilicate
glass is a type of
glass that includes at least silica, soda, lime, and boron borosilicate. In
some embodiments, the
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glass of the composition includes at least 5% boric acid, at least 8% boric
acid, at least 10% boric
acid, at least 12% boric acid, at least 15% boric acid, and even at least 18%
boric acid. In one
embodiment, the borosilicate glass comprises from about 5 to about 20% boric
acid. Borosilicate
glass has a low coefficient of thermal expansion (-3 x 10-6 / F at 20 F),
making it generally
resistant to thermal shock. The glass may help to form a stable emulsion in
the composition.
Further, the glass is compatible in the coating composition as it is also non-
combustible and
nonporous, so it does not absorb resin.
[0061] The amount and type of glass is usually determined by features of
the other
coating composition components. In an embodiment, the glass used in the
composition may be
SCOTCHLITE K46 glass microspheres or SCOTCHLITE K37 glass microspheres. In an
embodiment, the glass may be Q-CEL hollow glass microspheres. In an
embodiment, the glass
may be SPHERICEL hollow glass microspheres. The glass may be formed in any
appropriate
shape and size, so long as it has a good crushability factor making it
appropriate for being
walked on. In an embodiment, the glass is in a rounded or spherical form,
e.g., a microsphere.
The spherical shape of the glass provides for increased reflective properties
of the composition
and allows for increased reflecting and scattering of UV, less likely with
flake or other non-
rounded shapes of glass. In an embodiment, the amount of glass may range from
about 5 to about
25 wt. %, from about 8 to about 22 wt. %, from about 10 to about 20 wt. %,
from about 12 to
about 18 wt. %, and even from about 14 to about 16 wt. % of the composition.
In an
embodiment, the glass may be approximately 15.0878 wt. % of the composition.
In an
embodiment, the glass may be approximately 12.166 wt. % of the composition. It
will be
appreciated that the composition may include a combination of different types
of glass materials.
In an embodiment, there may be no glass in the composition.
[0062] A multitude of additives may also be included in the coating
composition. The
additives may typically be included in any appropriate level in the
composition. However, even
at relatively low levels in the coating composition formulation, the additives
may contribute to
various properties of the composition, including, but not limited to,
rheology, stability, paint
performance, and application quality. Examples of additives that may be
included in the coating
composition, include, but are not limited to, resin additives, performance
additives, dispersing
aids, anti-settling aids, wetting aids, additional thickeners, extenders,
plasticizers, stabilizers,
light stabilizers, antifoams, defoamers, catalysts, rheology modifiers,
rheology additives,
biocides including microbiocides and/or fungicides, texture-improving agents,
UV-absorbers,
anticorrosive agents, anti-slip aggregates, pigments, color indicators, and/or
antifluccoulating
agents. In one embodiment, the composition may include benzophenone as an
additive. The
amount and type of additives are usually determined by features of the other
coating composition
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components. In an embodiment, the amount of additives may range from about
0.01 wt.% to
about 20 wt. %, from about 2 to about 17 wt. %, from about 5 to about 15 wt.
%, and even from
about 8 to about 14 wt. % of the composition.
[0063] Certain additives, e.g., pigments, are added to provide a desired
color for the
coating composition. While certain pigments may be desirable or commonly used
provide a
particular color (or employed to provide a base coating composition that is
used to formulate
other colored compositions), it has been found that the exclusion of
particular pigments provides
a benefit in terms of reducing the surface temperature of the coating. In an
embodiment, the
coating composition may not include and is substantially free or completely
free of carbon black
as an additive. Carbon black is a commonly used black pigment that strongly
absorbs UV
radiation. For compositions containing carbon black, the solar reflectance may
be less than about
20%, less than about 10%, and even less than about 5%. This results in
increased light absorption
and increased temperature of the coated substrate. Accordingly, coating
composition that do not
include carbon black may have increased solar reflectance values which
contribute to decreased
surface temperatures of substrates coated in the coating material as compared
with substrates
coated in a coating material containing carbon black. The lack of carbon black
in the coating
composition provides other benefits such as improved lifetime for the coating
and substrate
through reduced temperature strains.
[0064] In an embodiment, the coating composition may not include and is
substantially
free or free of raw umber as an additive. Raw umber is a commonly used pigment
that strongly
absorbs UV radiation. For compositions containing raw umber, the solar
reflectance may be in
the range of 65% to less than 30% depending on the concentration of raw umber
in the
formulation. This results in increased light absorption and increased
temperature of the coated
substrate. Accordingly, coating composition that do not include raw umber may
have increased
solar reflectance values which contribute to decreased surface temperatures of
substrates coated
in the coating material as compared with substrates coated in a coating
material containing
carbon black. The lack of raw umber in the coating composition provides other
benefits such as
improved lifetime for the coating and substrate through reduced temperature
strains.
[0065] In one embodiment, the coating composition is free of both carbon
black and raw
umber.
[0066] The coating composition may also include a filler component. The
filler may be
any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, calcium carbonate,
titanium dioxide,
calcite, calcium, clay, silica, resins, aluminum oxide, carbon fibers, quartz,
boron nitride,
pumice, magnesium oxide and hydroxide, and talc. The amount and type of filler
is usually
determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an
embodiment, the
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amount of filler may range from about 0 to about 25 wt. %, from about 5 to
about 20 wt. %, and
even from about 10 to about 15 wt. % of the composition.
[0067] The coating composition may also include colorants. The colorants
may provide
the composition with both decorative and protective features. Colorants are
often liquid particles
used to provide the composition with various qualities, including, but not
limited to, color,
opacity, and durability. The composition may also contain other solid
particles such as
polyurethane beads or other solids. The colorants may be present in any
appropriate amount in
the coating composition, including, but not limited to, about 0 to about 12
oz., about 2 to about
oz., about 4 to about 8 oz., and even from about 6 to about 7 oz. The
colorants may vary
based on the desired end color of the coating composition, the use of the
coating composition,
etc. Examples of suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, titanium
dioxide, yellow iron
oxide, red iron oxide, umber, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green,
quinacridone red,
diketopyrrolopyrrole red, naphthol red, quinacridone magenta, transparent iron
oxides, carbazole
violet, perylene red, bismuth vanadate yellow, arylide yellow, and
diketopyrrolopyrrole orange.
The colorants may be added during the original preparation of the composition
or they may be
added later at the time of purchase.
[0068] The coating composition can be prepared by mixing any or all of the
following
materials: the carrier, binder, thickener, glass, additive, filler and
colorant. The components may
be combined in any appropriate manner, e.g., sequentially, all at once, or in
various stages. The
colorants may be added during the original preparation of the composition or
they may be added
later when a customer selects a preferred shade, e.g., at the point of sale.
Further, the glass
microspheres may be added during the original preparation of the composition
or they may be
added later, e.g., at the point of sale. In an embodiment, the composition may
be formed by the
standard order of making typical coating compositions, i.e., non-cooling
coating compositions.
In an embodiment, these components may be formed in-situ. In another
embodiment, the
components may be preformed materials. The coating composition can be prepared
at any
appropriate temperature, including from about 20 C to about 40 C.
[0069] The coating composition may have a pH in the range of from about 8
to about
10.5. After the initial mixing of the coating composition, it may be necessary
to adjust the pH of
the composition to fall within an appropriate range.
[0070] The coating composition can be applied by any suitable methods
including, but
not limited to, by brush, by roller, by spraying, by dipping, etc. Curing can
be accomplished by
any suitable curing mechanism including, for example, thermal condensation.
[0071] The coating composition can be applied to provide a coating layer of
a desired
thickness. In one embodiment, the coating composition has a thickness of from
0.5 micrometer
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to about 500 micrometers; from about 1 micrometer to about 300 micrometers;
and even from
about 3 micrometers to about 200 micrometers.
[0072] The coating composition can be used in a variety of applications
where a cool
coated surface is desired. The coating composition can be suitably coated onto
a substrate such
as concrete, brick, stucco, asphalt, wood, metal, plaster, roof shingles, or
plastic. The coating
composition may be applied with or without the use of a primer. The coating
composition may
be applied directly to a bare surface or onto a previously painted surface.
The coating
composition may be applied to interior and/or exterior surfaces. In an
embodiment, the coating
composition may be coated onto an outdoor deck or pavement surrounding a
swimming pool
and/or spa. The coating composition may be used to coat a surface and provide
a cool surface on
boats, stadiums, balconies, walkways, concrete and/or wooden decks/patios,
pool decks, concrete
floors, asphalt surfaces, such as roads, sidewalks, etc., recreational areas,
garages, aquatic
centers, dog parks, etc. The coating composition may be used to paint lines on
roads, sidewalks
or athletic courts, e.g., outdoor basketball courts, shuffleboard courts,
tennis courts, etc. The
coating composition may also be used on walls to maintain a cooler temperature
in a room and/or
outside of a building. Additionally, the coating composition may be used to
coat roof shingles to
keep the shingles cooler to the touch during application and then help to
maintain a cooler
environment in the building below.
[0073] Once the coating composition of the present technology is coated on
a substrate, it
may be allowed to dry, for example, by evaporation, thereby leaving a dry
coating with the cool
surface benefits. Any drips or misapplications of the coating composition may
be easily cleaned
up.
[0074] Once applied to a surface located in the presence of UV-radiation,
the coating
composition can reflect most heat away from the surface. As shown in Figure 1,
a coating
composition 100 containing microspheres 120, lacking carbon black, lacking raw
umber, or
lacking both, and having a higher film build is applied to a surface 110. The
surface 110 is
exposed to a source of UV-light, e.g., the sun 140, which radiates UV-light
150 onto the coated
surface 110. The majority of the UV-light 160 is reflected off the surface
130, and only a
minimal amount of the UV-light 170 is absorbed and turned into heat. Further,
the coating
composition may allow for the scattering of UV-light off the surface. This
allows for the coated
surface to remain cooler in temperature than a surface coated with a
conventional coating or a
surface without a coating.
[0075] The present coating composition may include and/or exclude specific
colorants in
order to keep the temperature of a coated surface low. The inclusion/exclusion
of certain
colorants may allow for the increased reflection and scattering of UV-light,
thereby keeping the
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temperature of the coated surface lower as compared to coatings by
compositions with/without
these certain colorants. For example, the coating composition may exclude
carbon black, raw
umber, or both carbon black and raw umber. The result of excluding and/or
include specific
colorants may allow for a temperature differential of at least 10 F.
[0076] Further, the present coating composition may include thickeners
and/or rheology
modifiers (e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose) that allow for a high film build.
This high film build
allows for an increased viscosity and thickness of the coating composition,
which creates an
increased reflection and scattering of light, thereby keeping the temperature
of the coated surface
lower as compared to coatings without thickeners and/or rheology modifiers.
The incorporation
of thickeners and/or rheology modifiers in specific amounts may result in a
temperature
differential of at least 10 F.
[0077] Additionally, the present coating composition includes glass that
allows for the
increased reflection and scattering of UV-light, thereby keeping the
temperature of the coated
surface lower as compared to coatings by compositions without the glass. The
incorporation of
glass in specific amounts may result in a temperature differential of at least
10 F.
[0078] In an embodiment, the coating composition may include glass. In an
embodiment,
the coating composition may include glass and a high film build. In an
embodiment, the coating
composition may include glass, a high film build, no carbon black, and/or no
raw umber. In an
embodiment, the coating composition may include glass and no carbon black,
and/or no raw
umber. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include a high film build
and no carbon
black, and/or no raw umber. In an embodiment, the coating composition may
include a high film
build. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include no carbon black,
and/or no raw
umber.
[0079] Together or separately, these concepts can result in a coating
composition that,
when applied to a surface, can result in reduced surface temperatures of over
25 F as compared
to a surface coated with a conventional coating or a bare/uncoated surface
exposed to the same
UV light. In an embodiment, the surface temperature of a coated article can be
reduced by over
F, over 15 F, over 20 F, over 30 F, over 35 F, over 40 F, over 45 F, and even
over 50 F.
This can result in a surface temperature that is over 5% cooler, over 10%
cooler, over 15%
cooler, over 20% cooler, over 25% cooler, over 30% cooler, 35% cooler, over
40% cooler, over
45% cooler, and even over 50% cooler than surfaces coated with a conventional
coating.
[0080] Furthermore, the present coating composition can allow for a solar
reflectance of
at least 10% more, at least 15% more, at least 20% more, at least 25% more, at
least 30% more,
at least 35% more, at least 40% more, at least 45% more, at least 50% more, at
least 55% more,
at least 60% more, at least 65% more, at least 70% more, at least 75% more,
and even at least
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80% more than surfaces coated with a conventional coating.
[0081] The reduced surface temperature and increased solar reflectance of
the coating
composition provides for other benefits such as improved lifetime for the
coating and coated
substrate through reduced temperature strains. Further, the coating
composition allows for a
variety of color tints and hues through its formulation.
[0082] The present technology may be incorporated into a latex paint
coating, a solvent-
based paint coating, a sealant, a waterproofing material, a floor cleaner
and/or wax, or any other
appropriate solution that could benefit from a reduced surface temperature on
the materials upon
which it is being coated.
[0083] The present coating composition may provide other benefits such as
resistance to
slipperiness around water and other liquids as compared to conventional pool
and similar
coatings. The application of the present coating composition may reduce slip
and fall injuries and
other related accidents near swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, etc.
Furthermore, the coating
composition is resistant to pool chemicals such as chlorine, bromine,
algaecide, etc., along with
many other household chemicals for long-lasting coating protection and
appearance.
[0084] While the technology has been described with reference to various
exemplary
embodiments, it will be appreciated that the modifications may occur to those
skilled in the art,
and the present application is intended to cover such modifications and
invention as fall within
the spirit of the invention. Further, it should be noted that throughout the
specification and
claims, numerical values may be combined to form new and non-disclosed ranges
[0085] The following examples are illustrative and not to be construed as
limiting of the
technology as disclosed and claimed herein.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
For all of the examples, the following formulations of coating compositions
were used.
[0086] A control composition comprising a general latex paint formulation
was
produced.
[0087] A prototype composition including the general latex paint
formulation of the
control composition along with 12.1660 wt. % SCOTCHLITE K46 glass microspheres
and
0.4136 wt. % Natrosol H4Br was produced.
Example 2
[0088] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared
substantially in
accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions
were tinted to
18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions
were roll-applied
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over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were
applied over the same
block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The blocks were placed under
2 GE Halogen
100W 120V lamps for 30 minutes in the laboratory. The surface temperatures of
the coated
surfaces were measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various time
intervals from 2-
240 minutes. As shown in Figure 2, the mean temperature of the control
composition was
118.7 F with a standard deviation of 10.3 F and the mean temperature of the
prototype
composition was 102.44 F with a standard deviation of 10.3 F.
[0089] Figure 3 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of the
control
versus the prototypes for all 18 colors. For example, there was a 34 F
difference between the
temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both
samples were exposed to
30 minutes of exposure under UV lamps in the laboratory.
[0090] Figure 4 is a bar graph depicting the percentage temperature
difference for the
control and prototype compositions by color.
Example 3
[0091] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared
substantially in
accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions
were tinted to
18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions
were roll-applied
over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were
applied over the same
block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The blocks were placed under
2 GE Halogen
100W 120V lamps for 240 minutes in the laboratory. The surface temperatures of
the coated
surfaces were measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various time
intervals from 2-
240 minutes. The mean temperature of the control composition was 162.5 F with
a standard
deviation of 17.9 F and the mean temperature of the prototype composition was
134.7 F with a
standard deviation of 13.7 F. The results are shown in Figure 5.
[0092] Figure 6 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of the
control
versus the prototypes for all 18 colors. For example, there was a 43 F
difference between the
temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both
samples were exposed to
240 minutes of exposure under UV lamps in the laboratory.
Example 4
[0093] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared
substantially in
accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control (here, Sample A) and
prototype (here,
Sample B) compositions were tinted to 5 various colors. The control and
prototype compositions
were coated side-by-side onto concrete slabs and exposed to multiple days of
external exposure
in Warrensville, Ohio. The surface temperatures of the coated surfaces were
intermittently
measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various external temperatures
ranging from
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74 F-89 F. The mean temperature of the control composition was 124.3 F with a
standard
deviation of 10.0 F and the mean temperature of the prototype composition was
112.13 F with a
standard deviation of 6.47 F. The results are shown in Figure 7.
[0094] Figure 8 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences of the
control versus
the prototypes for all 5 colors tested. For example, there was a 22 F
difference between the
temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both
samples were exposed to
external conditions.
Example 5
[0095] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared
substantially in
accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions
were tinted to
18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions
were roll-applied
over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were
applied over the same
block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The control and prototype
compositions were
measured for total solar reflectance near ambient temperature using ASTM C1549
and a portable
solar reflectometer. The control composition has a mean total solar
reflectance of 0.507 SRI with
a standard deviation of 0.107. The control composition has a mean total solar
reflectance of
0.6446 SRI with a standard deviation of 0.0790. The results are shown in
Figure 10.
[0096] Figure 11 is a bar graph highlighting the total solar reflectance
percentage
increase for the prototypes versus the control for all 18 colors. As shown in
the graph, two of the
colors have over a 60% increase in total solar reflectance when comparing the
control and
prototype in the same color.
Examples 6-12
[0097] For the following Examples 6-12, the temperature testing was
conducted at a
testing center in Arizona over a period of 22 days. The test included a
control (present
technology without glass bubbles and with non-vinyl safe colorants), prototype
(present
technology with glass bubbles and with non-vinyl safe colorants), and a
competitive product.
The resin system in all but the competitive product is a 100% self
crosslinking acrylic. ASTM
G147-2017 Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic
Materials for
Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests and ASTM G7-2013 Standard Practice for
Atmospheric
Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials were cited in the
testing process.
[0098] The testing data was compiled by adding the composition to a
horizontal concrete
pad over a 22 day period from August to September. Temperature measurements
were taken on
each coating and bare concrete using an Omega 0S534 IR Gun, between Noon and 3
PM. The
IR Gun was allowed to warm up for 2-4 minutes prior to taking measurements (E
= 0.95). Each
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color was applied in two coats, with the second coat applied perpendicular to
first coat with
minimum two hour dry time between coats, over a 1 'x 2' area using 9" roller
with 3/8" nap.
Weather conditions varied from cloudy/windy to clear skies and ambient
temperatures ranged
from 89.6 F to 104 F with humidity ranging from 11% to 41% during these
measurements.
Example 6
[0099] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a first
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 4.0 oz. of black colorant.
[00100] As shown in Figure 12, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of 0 to -19.8 F, and the vinyl safe without glass
composition had a
measured temperature difference range of -2.7 to -12.6 F. The vinyl safe with
glass composition
had an average temperature of 141.0 F, the vinyl safe without glass
composition had an average
temperature of 141.7 F and the control average temperature of 149 F.
Example 7
[00101] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a first
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 0.5 oz. of black colorant.
[00102] As shown in Figure 13, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of +1.8 to -19.8 F, and had an average
temperature of 133.6 F,
whereas the control average temperature of 138.3 F.
Example 8
[00103] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a first
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 1.2 oz. of black colorant.
[00104] As shown in Figure 14, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of -9.0 to -16.2 F, and had an average
temperature of 131.6 F,
whereas the control average temperature of 144.7 F.
[00105] Figure 15 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of
the control
versus the prototypes for all three colors - blueberry, cemented deal and gull
gray. For example,
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there was a 19.8 F difference between the temperature of the blueberry control
and blueberry
prototype vinyl safe with glass composition and a 12.6 F difference between
the temperature of
the blueberry control and blueberry prototype vinyl safe without glass after
both samples were
exposed.
[00106] Figure 16 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of
concrete versus
the prototypes for all three colors - blueberry, cemented deal and gull gray.
For example, there
was a 12.6 F difference between the temperature of the blueberry control and
blueberry
prototype vinyl safe with glass composition and a 16.2 F difference between
the temperature of
the blueberry control and blueberry prototype vinyl safe without glass after
both samples were
exposed. The bare concrete temperature ranged from 112 to 161.6 F. Blueberry
vinyl safe with
glass composition had a measured temperature difference range of +5.5 to -12.6
F and Blueberry
vinyl safe without bubbles composition had a measured temperature difference
range of +3.6 to -
16.2 F as compared to bare concrete. Cemented Deal vinyl safe with glass
composition had a
measured temperature difference range of 0 to -19.8 F as compared to bare
concrete. Gull Gray
vinyl safe with glass composition had a measured temperature difference range
of -5 to -25.2 F
as compared to bare concrete.
Example 9
[00107] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a second
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 4.0 oz. of black colorant.
[00108] As shown in Figure 17, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of -7.2 to -21.6 F, and the vinyl safe without
glass composition had
a measured temperature difference range of -8.0 to -25.2 F. The vinyl safe
with glass
composition had an average temperature of 140.9 F, the vinyl safe without
glass composition
had an average temperature of 140.0 F and the control average temperature of
152.5 F.
Example 10
[00109] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a second
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 0.5 oz. of black colorant.
[00110] As shown in Figure 18, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of -1.8 to -16.0 F, and had an average
temperature of 131.2 F,
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whereas the control average temperature of 140.2 F.
Example 11
[00111] A vinyl safe without glass prototype composition including a second
latex paint
formulation of the control composition without glass microspheres and vinyl
safe components
was produced as well as a vinyl safe with glass prototype composition
including the general latex
paint formulation of the control composition along with glass microspheres and
vinyl safe
components. These compositions all included about 1.2 oz. of black colorant.
[00112] As shown in Figure 19, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of -1.8 to -18.0 F, and had an average
temperature of 139.0 F,
whereas the control average temperature of 149.5 F.
Example 12
[00113] A vinyl safe with glass prototype composition including a second
latex paint
formulation was produced and compared to a competitive product.
[00114] As shown in Figure 20, the vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of +12.6 to -3.0 F, and had an average
temperature of 148.6 F,
whereas the control average temperature of 146 F.
[00115] Figure 21 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of
the control
versus the prototypes for all four colors ¨ Silver Gray, Bombay, Sandstone,
and Timberline. For
example, there was a 21.6 F difference between the temperature of the Silver
Gray control and
Silver Gray prototype vinyl safe with glass and a 25.2 F difference between
the temperature of
the Silver Gray control and Silver Gray prototype vinyl safe without glass
after both samples
were exposed.
[00116] Figure 22 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of
concrete versus
the prototypes for all four colors ¨ Silver Gray, Bombay, Sandstone, and
Timberline, along with
a competitive product. For example, there was a 16.2 F difference between the
temperature of
the Silver Gray control and Silver Gray prototype vinyl safe with glass and a
18 F difference
between the temperature of the Silver Gray control and Silver Gray prototype
vinyl safe without
glass after both samples were exposed. The bare concrete temperature ranged
from 112 to
161.6 F. Silver Gray vinyl safe with glass composition had a measured
temperature difference
range of +8 to -16.2 F and Silver Gray vinyl safe without bubbles composition
had a measured
temperature difference range of +6 to -18 F as compared to bare concrete.
Bombay vinyl safe
with glass composition had a measured temperature difference range of -3.6 to -
21.6 F as
compared to bare concrete. Sandstone vinyl safe with glass composition had a
measured
temperature difference range of +5.5 to -12.6 F as compared to bare concrete.
Timberline vinyl
safe with glass composition had a measured temperature difference range of
+12.6 to -3 F as
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compared to bare concrete, while the competitive product had a measured
temperature difference
range of +4 to -9 F as compared to bare concrete.
[00117] Figures 23-26 are graphs showing the temperature differences of
different colors
compared to bare concrete. The colors are colors from the Sherwin Williams
color palette and
each represent a different color space within the color spectrum of the
Sherwin Williams palette.
Temperature data was compiled under lab test conditions via heat lamp using
dual GE 100W
halogen flood light bulbs over 6"x 12"x 1/2" concrete. Each color sample was
applied in 2 coats
using a 3/8" mini roller. The light bulbs were kept at a distance of about
7.5" to the block.
Temperature measurements were taken every 30 minutes for a total of 2 hours
using a calibrated
Raytek Raynger ST Handheld Infrared Thermometer. After two hours of exposure
the panels
started to reach maximum temperature, and additional readings were not
necessary.
[00118] Figures 23 and 24 show the results for different colors formulated
off of a base
white coat that is tinted with appropriate colorants to form the desired
color. The white base coat
itself is a viable color option for consumers and the surface temperature of a
coating of the base
composition is also tested. Figure 23 shows the temperature of the coated
surfaces and bare
concrete at 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes.
Figure 24 shows the
temperature difference between the coated surface and bare concrete at 120
minutes. As
illustrated, the different colors exhibit surface temperature reduction
relative to bare concrete
over a broad range of colors in the color palette.
[00119] Figures 25 and 26 show the results for different colors formulated
off of a base
formulation that is tinted with appropriate colorants to form the desired
color. Figure 23 shows
the temperature of the coated surfaces and bare concrete at 0 minutes, 30
minutes, 60 minutes, 90
minutes, and 120 minutes. Figure 24 shows the temperature difference between
the coated
surface and bare concrete at 120 minutes. As illustrated, the different colors
exhibit surface
temperature reduction relative to bare concrete over a broad range of colors
in the color palette.
[00120] Figures 27-30 are graphs showing the temperature differences of
different colors
compared to bare concrete. The colors are colors from the Valspar color
palette and each
represent a different color space within the color spectrum of the Valspar
palette. Temperature
data was compiled under lab test conditions via heat lamp using dual GE 100W
halogen flood
light bulbs over 7 314" x 15 314" X 1 314" concrete patio block. Each color
sample was applied in 2
coats using a 3/8" mini roller. The light bulbs were kept at a distance of
about 7.5" to the block.
Temperature measurements were taken every 30 minutes for a total of 4 hours
using a calibrated
Raytek Raynger ST Handheld Infrared Thermometer. After four hours of exposure
the panels
started to reach maximum temperature, and additional readings were not
necessary.
[00121] Figures 27 and 28 show the results for different colors formulated
off of a base
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white coat that is tinted with appropriate colorants to form the desired
color. The white base coat
itself is a viable color option for consumers and the surface temperature of a
coating of the base
composition is also tested. Figure 27 shows the temperature of the coated
surfaces and bare
concrete at 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150
minutes, 180
minutes, 210 minutes, and 240 minutes. Figure 28 shows the temperature
difference between the
coated surface and bare concrete at 240 minutes. As illustrated, the different
colors exhibit
surface temperature reduction relative to bare concrete over a broad range of
colors in the color
palette.
[00122] Figures 29 and 30 show the results for different colors formulated
off of a base
formulation that is tinted with appropriate colorants to form the desired
color. Figure 29 shows
the temperature of the coated surfaces and bare concrete at 0 minutes, 30
minutes, 60 minutes, 90
minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, and 240 minutes.
Figure 30
shows the temperature difference between the coated surface and bare concrete
at 120 minutes.
As illustrated, the different colors exhibit surface temperature reduction
relative to bare concrete
over a broad range of colors in the color palette.
[00123] The test results show that the present technology enables the
maintenance of a
cooler surface temperature than the same tint of composition in a control
version, due at least in
part, to solar reflectance.
[00124] This application incorporates each of U.S. Publication 2019/0031893
and WO
2017/124096 by reference in their entirety.
[00125] While the above description contains many specifics, these
specifics should not be
construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but merely as
exemplifications of
preferred embodiments thereof Those skilled in the art may envision many other
possible
variations that are within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by
the claims appended
hereto.
