Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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SKI BINDING WITH PYROTECHNIC FASTENER RELEASE
Technical Field
[0001] This application is generally directed to ski bindings.
Background
[0002] Various sports employ a sport boot coupled to another sporting platform
(e.g., a ski or board) by way of a binding that controllably releases the boot
or user's
foot from the platform. The release of the user's foot or boot from the
platform is for
safety reasons (e.g., to avoid excessive forces or twist of a user's foot) in
case of an
accident. In most current systems the release occurs when a mechanical
threshold, e.g.,
a force exceeds a preset limit. The binding then mechanically decouples the
user's foot
or boot to set the platform (ski, board) free.
[0003] These conventional bindings are of limited use in protecting from very
rapid
events such as those experienced in competition sports like downhill skiing.
Injuries to
users include bone fractures, spinal injuries, concussions and other head
injuries. More
particularly in winter mountain sports, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
injuries are far
too common. Conventional bindings are manually adjusted based on anecdotal
experience or approximate metrics, have finite (mechanical) response times,
and do
not sufficiently or effectively respond to prevent or reduce ACL or other
injuries.
Attempts to modernize bindings and binding release systems have not resulted
in
effective or commercially viable alternatives to current systems.
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Summary
[0004] Example embodiments described herein have innovative features, no
single
one of which is indispensable or solely responsible for their desirable
attributes. The
following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative
implementations of the
disclosure in detail, which are indicative of several exemplary ways in which
the various
principles of the disclosure may be carried out. The illustrative examples,
however, are
not exhaustive of the many possible embodiments of the disclosure. Without
limiting
the scope of the claims, some of the advantageous features will now be
summarized.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the disclosure will be set
forth in the
following detailed description of the disclosure when considered in
conjunction with
the drawings, which are intended to illustrate, not limit, the invention.
[0005] An embodiment is directed to a apparatus comprising a ski binding
including
a spring that has a first state that secures a ski boot in the ski binding and
a second
state that releases the ski boot from the ski binding; an explosive bolt in
mechanical
communication with the spring to releasably maintain the spring in the first
state; a
battery; an activation circuit extending from the explosive bolt to the
battery, the
activation circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the
battery and
the explosive bolt are electrically connected through the switch and a
disconnected
state in which the battery and the explosive bolt are electrically
disconnected; and a
processor-based controller electrically coupled to the switch, the processor
configured
to automatically generate an output signal that transitions the switch from
the
disconnected state to the connected state to activate the explosive bolt in
response to
an input signal from one or more sensors, wherein activation of the explosive
bolt
causes the spring to transition from the first state to the second state to
thereby
release the ski boot from the ski binding.
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[0006] An embodiment is directed to an automated method for releasing a ski
boot
from a ski binding, comprising receiving, by a processor-based controller,
sensor data
from a plurality of sensors disposed on a skier, on the ski boot, and/or on
the ski
binding; in the processor-based controller, evaluating the sensor data to
determine a
state of the skier; when the processor-based controller determines that the
skier is in a
falling state, automatically generating an output signal, with the processor-
based
controller, to activate a pyrotechnic fastener in the ski binding, the
pyrotechnic fastener
maintaining a spring, in the ski binding, in a first state that secures the
ski boot in the
ski binding; generating an explosion with the pyrotechnic fastener, the
explosion
breaking at least a portion of the pyrotechnic fastener; and transitioning the
spring
from the first state to a second state that releases the ski boot from the ski
binding.
[0007] An embodiment is directed to an automated method for releasing a ski
boot
from a ski binding, comprising wirelessly receiving, by a processor-based
controller, a
manual activation signal from a manual release device; automatically
generating an
output signal, with the processor-based controller in response to the manual
activation
signal, to activate a pyrotechnic fastener in the ski binding, the pyrotechnic
fastener
maintaining a spring, in the ski binding, in a first state that secures the
ski boot in the
ski binding; generating an explosion with the pyrotechnic fastener, the
explosion
breaking at least a portion of the pyrotechnic fastener; and transitioning the
spring
from the first state to a second state that releases the ski boot from the ski
binding.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0008] For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the present
concepts, reference is made to the detailed description of preferred
embodiments and
the accompanying drawings.
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[0009] Fig. 1 is a side view of an automated pyrotechnic ski binding
release system in
a disconnected state according to an embodiment.
[0010] Fig. 2 is a side view of the automated pyrotechnic ski binding
release system
of Fig. 1 in a connected state.
[0011] Fig. 3 is a side view of a heel piece of a ski binding
according to an
embodiment.
[0012] Fig. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the heel piece
illustrated in Fig.
3.
[0013] Fig. 5 is a top view of a toe piece of a ski binding according
to an
embodiment.
[0014] Fig. 6 is a side view of a heel piece of a ski binding
according to another
embodiment.
[0015] Fig. 7 is an exploded cross-sectional view of an explosive
bolt according to an
embodiment.
[0016] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a frangible nut according
to an embodiment.
[0017] Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a sensor
system.
[0018] Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of clothing that may be
worn by a skier
and portions of the activation circuit that may be integrated into or
otherwise mounted
thereon, in accordance with at least some embodiments.
[0019] Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of an activation
circuit.
[0020] Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an architecture according to some
embodiments.
[0021] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a mobile platform configured
and arranged
according to this disclosure.
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[0022] Fig. 14 illustrates a cloud-based or networked architecture
that may be used
to implement one or more aspects of this disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 15 is a flow chart of an automated method for releasing a
ski binding
according to one or more embodiments.
[0024] Fig. 16 is a flow chart of a method for releasing a ski
binding having one or
more pyrotechnic fasteners according to another embodiment.
[0025] Fig. 17 is a flow chart of a method for releasing a ski
binding having one or
more pyrotechnic fasteners according to another embodiment.
Detailed Description
[0026] A pyrotechnic fastener is used to releasably secure a spring in a ski
binding.
The pyrotechnic fastener maintains the spring in a first state to secure a ski
boot in the
ski binding. When the pyrotechnic fastener is activated, the pyrotechnic
fastener
explodes and breaks (or at least a portion of the pyrotechnic fastener
breaks). Breaking
the pyrotechnic fastener causes the spring to transition from the first state
to a second
state where the ski boot is released (or at least partially released) from the
ski binding.
[0027] The pyrotechnic fastener can include an explosive bolt (or an explosive
screw)
and/or a frangible nut (an explosive nut). The pyrotechnic fastener includes a
cavity to
hold explosive material. For example, the explosive bolt can include a hollow
cylinder
or another cavity to hold the explosive material. Likewise, the frangible nut
can include
a segment or other portion that includes a cavity to hold the explosive
material.
[0028] An igniter is disposed proximal to the explosive material, such as next
to, on
top of, or within the explosive material. The igniter is electrically coupled
to an
activation circuit that outputs electrical current or power upon detection
that the skier
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is in a falling state. The electrical current or power causes the igniter to
ignite the
explosive material (e.g., via a spark, temperature increase, etc.), which
causes an
explosion that at least partially breaks the pyrotechnic fastener, thereby
causing the
spring to transition from the first state to the second state. In some
embodiments, the
spring has a higher tension in the first state than in the second state. Thus,
the spring
can naturally return to the lower-tension second state when the pyrotechnic
fastener is
detonated.
[0029] The activation circuit includes a battery, a switch, a
controller, and a plurality
of sensors. The sensors are disposed on the skier, on the ski binding, and/or
on the
boot(s). Data from the sensors is evaluated by the controller to determine
when the
skier begins to fall (e.g., is in a falling state). When the controller
determines that the
skier has started to fall, the controller generates an output signal that
causes the switch
to transition from a disconnected state to a connected state. In the
disconnected state,
the battery is electrically disconnected (or electrically decoupled) from the
pyrotechnic
fastener. In the connected state, the battery is electrically connected (or
electrically
coupled) to the pyrotechnic fastener. Electrical energy from the battery
causes the
pyrotechnic fastener to ignite and explode, thereby releasing the ski boot
from the ski
binding.
[0030] Fig. 1 is a side view of an automated pyrotechnic ski binding release
system
according to an embodiment. The system 10 includes a ski binding 100, a boot
1101
and a ski 120. The ski binding 100 is attached to the ski 120, such as by
screws, bolts,
or other attachment mechanisms. The boot 110 is releasably mechanically
attached to
the ski binding 100 (e.g., a ski binding assembly). For example, a toe lip 112
of the
boot 110 is releasably mechanically attached to a toe piece 102 of the ski
binding 100.
In addition, a heel lip 114 of the boot 110 is releasably mechanically
attached to a heel
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piece 104 of the ski binding 100. Together, the toe piece 102 and the heel
piece 104
of the ski binding 100 comprise mechanical engagement points that releasably
secure
the boot 110 onto the ski 120.
[0031] The ski binding 100 includes one or more springs 130 that apply
pressure
and/or provide resistance to the boot 110 when the boot 110 is releasably
mechanically attached to the ski binding 100. Examples of the springs 130 in
the heel
piece 104 of the ski binding 100 include a forward pressure spring and a heel
DIN
spring. An example of the spring 130 in the toe piece 102 of the ski binding
100 is a
toe DIN spring.
[0032] The tension of the springs 130 can be adjusted by turning a bolt or
screw (in
general, bolt). One or more of the bolts is an explosive bolt 132 that can
release the
tension on the respective spring 130 when the explosive bolt 132 is activated
or
detonated. Releasing the tension on one or more springs 130 causes the boot
110 to
release from the ski binding 100.
[0033] The explosive bolt(s) (in general, explosive bolt) 132 is
electrically coupled to
an electrical circuit 150 that can provide power to ignite, activate, and/or
explode an
explosive material in the explosive bolt 132. In one example, the power from
the
electrical circuit 150 initiates or triggers an exothermic chemical reaction
in the
explosive material. The explosive material can include gunpowder (black
powder),
hexanitrostilbene, and/or another explosive material.
[0034] The power to activate the explosive bolt 132 can be provided by a
battery
160 or another energy-storage device. In a specific example, the battery 160
can be a
12V or a 9V battery. The electrical circuit 150 includes a switch 170 having a
connected
state and a disconnected state. In Fig. 1, the switch 170 is in the
disconnected state
such that the explosive bolt 132 is electrically disconnected from the battery
160. In
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Fig. 2, the switch 170 is in the connected state such that the explosive bolt
132 is
electrically connected to the battery 160.
[0035] The state of the switch 170 is controllable through an output signal
generated
by a microprocessor-based controller 180. The controller 180 can generate the
output
signal based on input signals from one or more sensors 190. The input signals
from the
sensor(s) 190 can indicate whether the user (e.g., skier) has fallen (e.g., in
a fallen state)
and thus whether to change (e.g., automatically change) the state of the
switch 570 to
detonate the explosive bolt 132 to detach the boot 110 from the binding 100.
The
electrical circuit 150, battery 160, switch 170, controller 180, and the
sensor(s) 190 can
be referred to as an activation circuit 195.
[0036] Though the activation circuit 195 is illustrated in Fig. 1 as
being disposed on
the boot 110, it is noted that any of the activation circuit 195 components
(e.g., the
electrical circuit 150 (or a portion thereof), battery 160, switch 170,
controller 180,
and/or the sensor(s) 190) can be disposed in another location, such as on the
user's
body, on the binding 100, and/or on the skis 120. In one example, the
controller 180
and/or the sensor(s) 190 can comprise components of a smartphone or other
electronic
device held by or disposed on the user (e.g., in the user's pocket). In an
example, a
smart watch or similar wrist or arm-worn device having a user interface,
optionally
coupled to a mobile communication device or capable of its own wireless
communication, is employed to achieve this purpose.
[0037] When the ski binding 100 includes multiple explosive bolts 132, the
same
activation circuit can be used to detonate some or all of the explosive bolts
132. In one
example, the same activation circuit can be used to detonate the explosive
bolts 132 in
the heel piece 104 of the ski binding 100 while a different activation circuit
can be used
to detonate the explosive bolt(s) 132 in the toe piece 102 of the ski binding
100. In
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another embodiment, the same activation circuit can be used to detonate all
the
explosive bolts 132 in the ski binding 100 (e.g., in the toe piece 102 and in
the heel
piece 104). In an alternative embodiment, a different activation circuit can
be used to
detonate each explosive bolt 132. For example, there can be three separate or
independent activation circuits when the ski binding 100 includes three
explosive bolts
132.
[0038] In some embodiments, the activation circuit 195 can be
activated manually in
addition to automatically (e.g., based on sensor data). For example, the skier
can press
a manual activation button that is electrically coupled (e.g., via a wired or
wireless
connection) to the controller 180 to manually detonate the explosive bolt(s)
132.
[0039] A tether 134 can securely attach each explosive bolt 132 to the ski
binding
100 to prevent the explosive bolt 132 from turning into a projectile that
could injure a
nearby skier or spectator and from littering the ski slope. The tether 134 can
comprise
a wire, cable, cord, lanyard, or other tether. The tether 134 can be tied
around the
explosive bolt 132, can pass through a hole in the explosive bolt 132, and/or
be
attached to a washer that itself is attached to the explosive bolt 132. In
addition, the
tether 134 is attached to another bolt or screw in the ski binding 100. For
example, the
tether 134 can be attached to a bolt 136 that attaches the ski binding 100 to
the ski
120. The bolt 136 can have a hole through which the tether 134 can pass to
attach to
the bolt 136. In another example, the tether 134 can be attached to a washer
138 for
the bolt 136. The washer 138 can have a hole through which the tether 134 can
pass to
attach to the washer 138 such as by winding, soldering, welding, or other
attachment
technique.
[0040] When the ski binding 100 includes multiple explosive bolts 132, some or
all of
the explosive bolts 132 can be attached to a respective tether 134. A tether,
such as
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tether 134, can be used with any of the explosive bolts and frangible nuts
disclosed
herein.
[0041] Fig. 3 is a side view of a heel piece 304 of a ski binding
according to an
embodiment. The heel piece 304 can be the same as heel piece 104. As
illustrated, the
heel piece 304 includes 2 springs 330A, 330B. The first spring 330A can
correspond to
a heel DIN spring. The second spring 330B can correspond to a forward-pressure
spring. The tension of each spring 330A, 330B is set according to the relative
position
of a respective explosive bolt 332A, 332B. Each explosive bolt 332A, 332B can
be the
same as explosive bolt 132. In an alternative embodiment, only one of the
bolts 332A,
332B is an explosive bolt and the other is a standard (non-exploding) bolt.
[0042] In addition, Fig. 3 illustrates a bolt-retention housing 340
that covers
explosive bolt 332A. The bolt-retention housing 340 includes a cavity 345 that
retains
or traps the explosive bolt 332A and spring 330A when the explosive bolt 332A
is
activated, such as to prevent injury to nearby skiers or spectators and to
prevent
littering on the ski slope. The surfaces of the bolt-retention housing 340 can
be solid or
they can have small holes, which can be used to allow air to circulate in the
cavity 345
to provide oxygen for the ignition of the explosive material in the explosive
bolt 332A.
A bolt-retention housing, such as bolt-retention housing 340, can be used with
any of
the explosive bolts and frangible nuts disclosed herein.
[0043] In addition, Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment where both
explosive bolts
332A, 332B are electrically coupled to the same activation circuit 395, which
can the
same as or different than activation circuit 195. In this embodiment, both
explosive
bolts 332A, 332B receive power from the same battery 160 to detonate
simultaneously
(or nearly simultaneously) when the switch 170 is in the connected state. In
contrast,
Fig. 4 illustrates where each explosive bolt 332A, 332B is electrically
coupled to a
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respective activation circuit 495A, 495B. Each activation circuit 495A, 495B
can be the
same as activation circuit 195 or 395. It is noted that each activation
circuit 495A, 495B
can have its own sensors or the activation circuits 495A, 495B can have common
sensors. As discussed above, the activation circuits (e.g., activation
circuits 195, 395,
495A, 495B) can be located, at least partially, on the binding (e.g., toe
piece and/or
heel piece 304), on the boot(s), on the ski(s), and/or on the user's body.
[0044] Fig. 5 is a top view of a toe piece 502 of a ski binding according to
an
embodiment. The toe piece 502 can be the same as toe piece 102. As
illustrated, the
toe piece 502 includes a toe spring 530 which can be a toe DIN spring. The
tension of
the toe spring 530 is set according to the relative position of an explosive
bolt 532
which can be the same as explosive bolt 132. The explosive bolt 532 is
electrically
coupled to an activation circuit 595, which can be the same as activation
circuit 195,
395, 495A, or 495B. The activation circuit 595 provides electrical energy, in
response to
data from sensors in the activation circuit that indicate that the user is
falling or in a
falling state, to detonate the explosive bolt 532. Detonating the explosive
bolt 532
releases tension on the toe spring 530 which causes the ski binding to release
the ski
boot. The activation circuit 595 can be located, at least partially, on the
binding (e.g.,
toe piece 502 and/or heel piece), on the boot(s), on the ski(s), and/or on the
user's
body.
[0045] In some embodiments, the ski binding includes both the toe piece 502
and
the heel piece 304. In other embodiments, the ski binding includes only the
toe piece
502 and a conventional heel piece (without any explosive bolts). In yet other
embodiments, the ski binding includes a conventional toe piece (without any
explosive
bolts) and heel piece 304.
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[0046] In an alternative embodiment, a frangible nut (an exploding
nut) can be used
in addition to or instead of an explosive bolt. For example, in some
embodiments, the
ski binding can a spring that is retained between an explosive bolt and a
frangible nut.
The use of two types of pyrotechnic fasteners can provide redundancy in case
either
one fails. In another embodiment, the ski binding can include a spring that is
retained
between a conventional (non-exploding) bolt and a frangible nut. Detonation of
the
frangible nut causes the spring to release tension to release the boot from
the ski
binding.
[0047] Fig. 6 is a side view of a heel piece 604 of a ski binding
according to another
embodiment. Heel piece 604 is the same as heel piece 304 expect that heel
piece 604
includes a frangible nut 600 attached to a bolt 632A to provide tension to
spring 330A.
The bolt 632A can be an explosive bolt or a conventional non-explosive bolt.
When the
bolt 632A is an explosive bolt, the frangible nut 600 and the explosive bolt
632A can
be electrically coupled to the same activation circuit 695, which can be the
same as
activation circuit 195. Alternatively, the frangible nut 600 and explosive
bolt 632A can
be coupled to separate activation circuits. In some embodiments, the frangible
nut
600, the optional explosive bolt 632A, and the explosive bolt 330B can be
electrically
coupled to the same activation circuit.
[0048] Fig. 7 is an exploded cross-sectional view of an explosive bolt 700
according
to an embodiment. Explosive bolt 700 can be the same as or different than
explosive
bolt 132, explosive bolt 332A, explosive bolt 332B, and/or explosive bolt 532.
Explosive bolt 700 includes a hollow cylinder 710 or other cavity and a
threaded shaft
720. The hollow cylinder 710 is disposed between a head 702 of the explosive
bolt 700
and the threaded shaft 720. An explosive material 730 is disposed in the
hollow
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cylinder 710. The explosive material 730 can include black powder (gun
powder),
hexanitrostilbene, and/or another explosive material.
[0049] The head 702 of the explosive bolt 700 includes a threaded hole 705 to
receive an igniter 740. The igniter 740 is inserted through the hole 705 and
placed on
or in (e.g., in direct physical contact with) the explosive material 730. A
set screw 715
can be inserted into the hole 705 to maintain the position of the igniter 740
relative to
the explosive material 730.
[0050] The igniter 740 is electrically coupled to an activation
circuit 795, which can
be the same as or different than any of the activation circuits described
herein (e.g.,
activation circuit 195, 395, 495A, 495B, 595, and/or 695). The activation
circuit 795
outputs electrical power (e.g., in response to sensor data that indicates that
the skier is
in a falling condition) to the igniter 740 which generates a spark and/or a
rapid
temperature increase to ignite and detonate/explode the explosive material
730. When
the explosive material 730 detonates or explodes, at least a portion of the
explosive
bolt 700 (e.g., at least a portion of the hollow cylinder 710) breaks, causing
the
explosive bolt 700 to lose structural integrity and structurally fail, thereby
releasing
tension on the spring in the ski binding to release the ski boot. In some
embodiments,
the hollow cylinder 710 is scored 750 to promote breaking. The scored 750
region of
the hollow cylinder 710 has a smaller cross-sectional wall thickness than the
other
portions of the hollow cylinder 710. Though only one scored 750 region is
illustrated in
Fig. 7, in other embodiments, there can be multiple scored regions.
[0051] In some embodiments, a washer 760 can be attached to the explosive bolt
700. The washer 760 includes a body having a hole 765 defined therein. A
tether 770 is
disposed through the hole 765 and secured to the washer 760 body such as by
winding, soldering, welding, or other attachment technique. The tether 770 can
also be
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attached to the ski binding 100 to prevent the explosive bolt 700 from
injuring another
person or from being ejected onto the ski slope when the explosive bolt 700 is
activated or ignited.
[0052] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a frangible nut 800
according to an
embodiment. Frangible nut 800 can be the same as or different than frangible
nut 600.
Frangible nut 800 includes a toroidal body 810 that has a hollow region 820.
An
explosive material 830 is disposed in the hollow region 820. The explosive
material 830
can include black powder (gun powder), hexanitrostilbene, and/or another
explosive
material.
[0053] The head body includes an aperture 840 to receive an igniter 850. The
igniter
850 is inserted through the aperture 840 and placed on or in (e.g., in direct
physical
contact with) the explosive material 830. The igniter 840 is electrically
coupled to an
activation circuit 895, which can be the same as or different than any of the
activation
circuits described herein (e.g., activation circuit 195, 395, 495A, 495B, 595,
695, and/or
795).
[0054] The activation circuit 895 outputs electrical power (e.g., in response
to sensor
data that indicates that the skier is in a falling condition) to the igniter
850 which
generates a spark and/or a rapid temperature increase to ignite and
detonate/explode
the explosive material 830. When the explosive material 830 detonates or
explodes, at
least a portion of the frangible nut 800 (e.g., at least a portion of the body
810) breaks,
causing the explosive bolt 800 to lose structural integrity and structurally
fail, thereby
releasing tension on the spring in the ski binding to release the ski boot. In
some
embodiments, the cross-sectional thickness of the body 810 adjacent to the
hollow
region 820 is narrowed or removed to promote breaking.
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[0055] Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a sensor
system
900. The sensor system 900 can be the same as or different than the sensor(s)
190
described above. Thus, the sensor system 900 can be included in any of the
activation
circuits described herein (e.g., activation circuit 195, 395, 495A, 495B, 595,
695, 795,
and/or 895).
[0056] The sensor system 900 can include a plurality of inertial (or other
type of)
sensors 6900 positioned on a skier 6902. The plurality of sensors 6900 may
include a
sensor 6904 positioned on a hip of the skier, a sensor 6906 positioned on a
right femur
of the skier, a sensor 6908 positioned on a left femur of the skier, a sensor
6910
positioned on a right tibia of the skier and a sensor 6912 positioned on a
left tibia of
the skier. In at least some embodiments, including but not limited to the
illustrated
embodiment, the sensors 6900 are capable of measuring: (1) three-axis
acceleration via
a three-axis accelerometer, (2) three-axis rotational velocity via a three-
axis gyroscope,
and (3) absolute heading via a 3-axis magnetometer. The sensors can also
include GPS
sensors. In some embodiments, the sensors 6900, alone or in combination, can
determine inclination and roll of the skier and/or of the ski boots.
[0057] In at least some embodiments, the one or more sensors 6900 (e.g.,
sensors
6904, 6906, 6908, 6910, and/or 6912), may be positioned to capture orientation
of the
knee and hip joints. To that effect, each sensor 6900 may be positioned on the
leg
such that the difference between relative measurements can be used to
calculate knee
and hip position and motion. The tibia sensors may be positioned in the center-
front of
the tibia. The femur sensors may be positioned on the center top of the femur.
The hip
sensor or sensors may be positioned above the crotch and below the belly
button
where a belt-buckle might fall, central to the skier's hip.
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[0058] In at least some embodiments, one or more portions of the activation
circuit
(e.g., activation circuit 195), such as the sensors, battery, and/or
controller may be
integrated into or otherwise mounted on clothing or other article(s) worn by a
skier.
[0059] Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of clothing that may be
worn by a skier,
e.g., skier 6902, and portions of the activation circuit (e.g., activation
circuit 195) that
may be integrated into or otherwise mounted thereon, in accordance with at
least
some embodiments.
[0060] In accordance with at least some embodiments, the clothing that may be
worn by a skier, e.g., skier 6902, may include a belt 7000 and a pair of
leggings 7002
(thermal or otherwise) (only one leg is shown), which may be stitched into an
inner
lining of ski pants worn by the skier, or may be independently provided and
worn as
such.
[0061] Sensors to be positioned on the legs of the skier, e.g., sensors 6906-
6912
(Fig. 8), may be integrated into or otherwise mounted on the leggings 7002.
[0062] A wiring harness (or wiring in any other form) 7004 may distribute
power to,
and communication signals to and/or from, some or all of the sensors
positioned on
the legs of the skier. In at least some embodiments, the wiring harness may be
routed
on an interior seam of the leg to help reduce potential damage from falls and
general
abuse. In at least some embodiments, the wiring may have the form of a power
and
communication bus, which may connect the sensors. In some embodiments, the
power
and/or communication bus may run the length of the leggings 7002.
[0063] One or more other portions 7006 of the activation circuit may be
integrated
into or otherwise mounted on the belt 7000. In at least some embodiments,
these
other portions 7006 may include: (1) a motherboard comprising a microprocessor
(e.g.,
controller 180), (2) a radio for communication to a smartphone, smart watch,
wearable
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wireless device, and/or a network-enabled device (via Bluetooth or otherwise),
(3) a
battery (e.g., battery 160), e.g., for powering the activation circuit or
portions thereof,
(4) battery-charging circuitry, (5) a waist sensor and/or (6) one or more
visible network
status indicators, integrated into or otherwise mounted on the belt 7000. In
at least
some embodiments, the motherboard itself includes the (2) radio for
communication
to: a smart phone, smart watch or similar wearable apparatus, and/or a network
(Bluetooth or otherwise) enabled device, (3) battery, (4) battery charging
circuitry, (5)
waist sensor and/or (6) one or more visible network status indicators and is
integrated
into or otherwise mounted on the circuit board.
[0064] Data from the sensors, e.g., sensors 6900-6912 and/or sensor(s) 190,
may be
sampled (continuously or otherwise) by the microprocessor (e.g., controller
180).
[0065] In at least some embodiments, the processing may include a model of the
skier. In at least some embodiments, this model is a physiological model is
used to
"observe" all sensors. In at least some embodiments, the sensor data is
supplied to the
model which may generate one or more signals in response at least thereto.
Sensor
data may be combined via a digital filter that incorporates the model to
recursively
update the current skier orientation, speed, and/or heading. Such data may be
used to
predict if a potential injury will occur. In at least some embodiments, the
ski binding
100 safely releases prior to the injury.
[0066] In at least some embodiments, the microprocessor (e.g.,
controller 180) may
be responsible for updating the skier model, determining the release decision
(i.e., a
decision as to whether to release the ski boot), recording performance data
and/or
communicating to an application on a user device and/or on a separate
computer.
[0067] In at least some embodiments, the model of the skier may comprise a set
of
equations relating model inputs and sensor readings. The set of equations may
be
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integrated using a variant of traditional Kalman filtering to output limb and
body
position, velocity, and muscle activity.
[0068] In at least some embodiments, the model of the skier is used within a
feedback structure as an "observer" whereby the model is used to inform
predictions
of future body position, but incorrect predictions can update the model when
necessary. In this way, the algorithm is able to predict danger of ACL damage
and skier
injury (or other unwanted results of an accident in these or other sports and
activities).
[0069] In at least some embodiments, the activation circuit may
include a self-check
process that has the purpose of measuring and diagnosing the health of each
critical
component. In at least some embodiments, the result of the system check is
readable
via a ski-binding light with pre-programmed sequences (red, yellow, green,
blinking
red, for example) and/or via a smart phone application which may contain more
detailed diagnostics (also may be implemented in any appropriate form factor
such as
on a smart watch). Each system check result may be tracked via personal
profile linked
to the binding to alert the skier of component damage of health degradation.
[0070] In at least some embodiments, the system check isolates key system
features
including: (1) binding release mechanism via a current and position monitor,
(2) sensor
response and calibration via a user sequence of actions and/or (3) software
and
firmware version control.
[0071] In at least some embodiments, if the system-check determines that the
system is not suitable for the sport (e.g., skiing), the system does not allow
the binding
to close and the user is unable to use the binding or it's features. A log may
be stored
for individual diagnostic troubleshooting.
[0072] In at least some embodiments, a wired or wireless controller
is installed on
the ski binding, on a ski pole, or on the user's clothing to manually activate
the
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explosive bolts and/or frangible nuts to the release the ski binding(s). In at
least some
embodiments, a system check is performed with each entry of the ski. In at
least some
embodiments, the user need not access their phone for usage. All controls can
be
ergonomic for a glove-wearing skier, and a wrist worn device such as a smart
watch,
sports wearable may be employed for the purpose.
[0073] There have been numerous studies investigating the proper DIN
(Deutsches
Institut fur Normung) number, a release force setting for ski bindings, for
ski bindings
across gender and age boundaries that typically consider number of false
releases
compared to number of ankle and knee injuries caused by a lack of release. In
at least
some embodiments, an extensive profile should enable data better correlated
for
physical conditions most relevant to likelihood of an ACL injury.
[0074] In at least some embodiments, the skier model is can be
initially calibrated to
the skier via an extensive physical evaluation. The model may include: (1) a
questionnaire with traditional height, weight, skiing ability, gender, age,
(2) a model
using the sensors for limb length, form, and musculature, (3) a process to
update the
model based on skiing performance. For example, the forces and positions of
the
sensor array can be compared against the expectations from the model and
updated
accordingly and/or (4) a database keeping track of each model, skiing data,
and an
event log documenting releases and their conditions to better predict misses,
false
alarms, or hits. (Miss = did not release when it should have, False Alarm (FA)
= a
release when it should have not, Hit = a release when it should have).
[0075] In at least some embodiments, the ski model and data recording may be
used
by an individual or coach to gauge skier performance for safe and proper ski
technique. In at least some embodiments, the system may include software
(artificial
intelligence software or otherwise) to label where poor or unsafe technique
was
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measured. The software may record the data that would be necessary for visual
replay.
In at least some embodiments, akin to a race car driver re-driving a racetrack
or course,
the user will be able to replay their downhill run via a simulator or other
similar device.
[0076] In at least some embodiments, the system may be used to augment skier
performance in real time via auxiliary systems such as: (1) ski stiffeners,
(2) muscle / limb
enhancements, (3) ski shape deformation and/or (4) trajectory / terrain
mapping.
[0077] In at least some embodiments, the ski binding system may be a suitable
platform for integrating safety features that may be especially useful for off-
trail skiing.
These may include (1) location tracking, (2) avalanche detection, (3)
emergency alert
system and/or (4) audible and visual signals.
[0078] Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of an activation
circuit 1100. The activation circuit 1100 can be the same as the activation
circuits
described above, including activation circuit 195. Any of the pyrotechnic
fasteners
described herein (e.g., explosive bolts, frangible nuts) can be coupled to the
activation
circuit 1100, such as explosive bolt 132, explosive bolt 332A, explosive bolt
332B,
explosive bolt 532, frangible nut 600, and/or explosive bolt 700. Thus, the
activation
circuit 1100 can be used to trigger the activation, detonation, and/or
explosion of the
explosive pyrotechnic fastener(s) to release a given ski boot/binding.
[0079] The activation circuit 1100 may include a processor circuit
5560, a plurality of
sensors (sometimes referred to herein as a sensor system, such as sensor
system 700)
5562, one or more power circuits 5564, and one or more radios 5594. The
processor
5560 may comprise any type(s) of processor(s) or microprocessors. In some
embodiments, the microprocessor-based controller 180 can comprise the
processor
5560. Alternatively, the processor 5560 can comprise the controller 180. In a
specific
embodiment, the processor 5560 can comprise a microcontroller, such as an
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microcontroller available from NXP Semiconductors N.V. The plurality of
sensors 5562
may comprise any type(s) of sensors, such as sensor(s) 190, 6900-6912. The one
or
more power circuits 5564 may comprise any type(s) of power circuit(s),
including the
electrical circuit 150, battery 160, and switch 170.
[0080] In at least some embodiments, the one or more power circuits 5564 may
comprise one or more power supplies 5570 and one or more power switches 5572
(e.g., which can be same as switch 170). The one or more power supplies 5570
may
comprise one or more batteries (rechargeable or otherwise), such as battery
160 (e.g.,
a 9V battery), and/or any other type of power source(s). The one or more power
switch
5572 may comprise one or more power semiconductor devices and/or any other
type(s) of power switch(es). In some embodiments, the power supply(ies) 5570
can
include a voltage regulator (e.g., to regulate the output voltage of the power
supply to
a predetermined voltage such as 3V or 3.3V). When the power supply(ies) 5570
include
a rechargeable battery, the power supply(ies) 5570 can include a battery
charger (e.g.,
via a physical port such as a USB port) and/or a charge manager (e.g., which
allows the
activation circuit 1100 to operate during charging by disconnecting the
battery).
[0081] The radio(s) 5594 can include a short-range and/or a long-range radio,
such
as a Bluetooth radio, a cellular radio, a WiFi radio, or other radio. The
radio(s) 5594 can
be used to communicate with the user device 5592. Additionally or
alternatively, the
radio(s) 5594 can be used to communicate with a corresponding radio on a
second
activation circuit to release a second ski boot/binding. For example, the
radio(s) 5594
can be used to synchronize activation signals such that when one activation
circuit 1100
generates an activation signal (e.g., to release the ski binding for the
skier's left boot),
the other activation circuit will also generate an activation signal (e.g., to
release the ski
binding for the skier's right boot).
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[0082] Alternatively, the radio(s) 5594 can be used to confirm that both
activation
circuits have independently determined, based on sensor data from the sensors
coupled to the respective activation circuits, that the skier has fallen (or
is falling, such
as in a falling state) in another state such that an activation signal should
be generated
to release the ski binding. This confirmation can be used to prevent
unnecessary
release of the ski bindings when the skier has not yet fallen. In another
embodiment,
the sensor data from each activation circuit can be shared between processors
5560
and/or with the user device 5592. In one example, the user device 5592 can
determine,
based on sensor data from sensors in each activation circuit (e.g., sensors
for both
boots/legs), whether to release the ski bindings, in which case the user
device 5592 can
send a user device signal or command to each processor 5560 in each activation
circuit
1100 to release the corresponding ski binding.
[0083] The activation circuit 1100 may further include a plurality of
signal lines or
other communication links 5566 that couple the processor 5560 to the plurality
of
sensors 5562 and to the radio(s) 5594. In addition, the activation circuit
1100 may
include one or more control lines or other communication links 5568 that
couple the
processor 5560 to the one or more power circuits 5564.
[0084] The activation circuit 1100 may further comprise one or more power line
or
other power link(s) 5574 from the one or more power circuit 5564 to the
pyrotechnic
fastener(s), such as explosive bolt 132, explosive bolt 332A, explosive bolt
332B,
explosive bolt 532, frangible nut 600, explosive bolt 700, and/or frangible
nut 800.
[0085] The activation circuit 1100 may further include a plurality of
status indicators
5580 and a plurality of signal lines or other communication links 5582 that
couple the
processor 5560 to the plurality of status indicators 5580. The plurality of
status
indicators 5580 may indicate one or more status of the activation circuit 1100
and/or
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the pyrotechnic fastener(s) (e.g., of the igniter for the pyrotechnic
fastener). The
activation circuit 1100 may further include one or more communication links
5590 to
one or more user devices 5592 and/or external components or networks. The user
device 5592 may comprise a smartphone, a tablet, and/or any other type of
computing
device (mobile or otherwise). The communication links 5590 and/or the radio(s)
5594
can be used to send software or firmware updates from the user device 5592 to
any
portion of the activation circuit 1100.
[0086] In at least some embodiments, the user device(s) 5592 can comprise a
computing device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, or otherwise) of a user that is
using and/or
will use ski bindings that include a pyrotechnic fastener.
[0087] In operation, in at least some embodiments, the processor 5560 receives
one
or more signals, from one or more of the plurality of sensors 5562 or
otherwise,
indicative of one or more conditions of the skier, and determines, based at
least in part
thereon, whether (and/or when) to trigger the activation (e.g., ignition,
reaction,
detonation, and/or explosion) of the pyrotechnic fastener to initiate release
of the ski
boot 110 from the ski binding 100. In at least some embodiments, if the
processor
5560 determines to initiate release, the processor 5560 generates one or more
control
signals to initiate or trigger release, which may be supplied to the one or
more power
circuits 5564 via the one or more control lines or other communication link(s)
5568. The
one or more power circuits 5564 receives the one or more control signals from
the
processor 5560 and in response at least thereto, closes the power switch 5572
to
provide power to the pyrotechnic fastener via one or more of the one or more
power
line or other power link(s) 5574. The power provided to the pyrotechnic
fastener
activates (e.g., ignites, reacts, detonates, and/or explodes) the explosive
material
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contained therein to release tension on the spring and release the ski boot
from the ski
binding.
[0088] In at least some embodiments, the one or more power supply 5570 may
comprise one or more rechargeable batteries, such as a lithium ion battery, a
lithium
polymer battery, and/or a capacitor. The capacitor may in some embodiments
comprise part of the laminate of the ski, e.g., ski 102. In some embodiments,
the
activation circuit 1100 may include piezoelectric transducers that harvest
energy from
vibrations of the ski, e.g., ski 120, during use and use such energy to
recharge the
battery and/or capacitor.
[0089] In at least some embodiments, the plurality of sensors 5562 may
comprise
one or more strain gauges, pressure transducers, gyroscopes, accelerometers,
magnetometers, and/or other sensors (collectively, sensors). Such sensors can
be
attached to the ski 120, the ski boot 110, and/or the skier and/or other
equipment or
clothing worn by the skier. In some embodiments one or more sensors, e.g.
pressure
sensors, may be located inside the boot 110, such as between the plastic shell
and the
soft liner of the boot 110. In some embodiments, the sensors 5562 can be the
same as
sensors 6900. For example, the sensors 5562 can include a three-axis
accelerometer
(e.g., to measure three-axis acceleration), a three-axis gyroscope (e.g., to
measure
three-axis rotational velocity), and/or a 3-axis magnetometer (e.g., to
measure absolute
heading such as in a compass). The sensors 5562 can also include GPS sensors.
In
some embodiments, the sensors 5562, alone or in combination, can determine
inclination and roll of the skier and/or of the ski boots. In some
embodiments, the
controller of the activation circuit can activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or
frangible
nut(s) when the GPS sensors indicate that the skier is passing or headed
towards a
predetermined boundary on the ski slope such as the edge of a ski trail, the
edge of a
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race course (e.g., where netting may be located), trees, or another hazard.
The
boundary(ies) can be manually provided to the controller in advance of a race
or they
can be automatically provided by the ski area or ski racing organization.
[0090] In another embodiment, the boundary(ies) of the ski slope can be
created by
placing signal-generating devices at predetermined locations on the ski slope.
For
example, antennas can be placed along the boundaries or netting and the signal
strength and/or signal triangulation can be used by the activation circuit
controller,
using sensors 5562 and/or radio(s) 5594, to determine when to activate the
explosive
bolt(s) and/or frangible nut(s). Alternatively, electrical wires can be placed
on or under
the snow along the boundaries. Current can pass through the electrical wires
to
generate electronic and magnetic fields. The electronic and/or magnetic field
can be
sensed by the sensors 5562 to activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or frangible
nut(s)
using the activation circuit controller.
[0091] In at least some embodiments, the processor 5560 may continuously
receive
signals from the plurality of sensors 5562 and determine, based at least in
part on such
signals, whether (and/or when) to initiate release of the boot 110 from the
binding 100.
[0092] In at least some embodiments, any of the bindings 100 disclosed herein
may
include a control system having one or more portions that are the same as
and/or
similar to one or more portions of the activation circuit 1100 of the binding
system 100.
[0093] In some embodiments, some or all of the activation circuit 1100 can be
included in a system-on-a-chip and/or on a common circuit board.
[0094] Any of the activation circuits disclosed herein (e.g.,
activation circuit 195, 395,
495A, 495B, 595, 695, 795, 895, and/or 1100) can be activated manually or
automatically. The skier can manually activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or
frangible
nuts by pressing a manual activation device (e.g., a button) that is
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(e.g., via a wired or wireless connection) to the controller of the respective
activation
circuit(s) to manually detonate the explosive bolt(s) and/or frangible nut(s).
For
example, pressing the manual activation device can generate a manual
activation
signal that is sent to the controller of the respective activation circuit(s),
which causes
the activation circuit controller(s) to activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or
frangible nuts.
In another embodiment, the explosive bolt(s) and/or frangible nuts can be
manually
activated by a third party (such as a person on the skier's team (e.g., coach,
etc.) or a
safety crew) using a wireless communication device (e.g., a smartphone, a
tablet, a
laptop, or another wireless device) that can wirelessly transmit the manual
activation
signal to the controller of the respective activation circuit(s), which causes
the activation
circuit controller(s) to activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or frangible nuts.
[0095] Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an architecture 1200 according to some
embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more of the systems (or portion(s)
thereof), apparatus (or portion(s) thereof) and/or devices (or portion(s)
thereof)
disclosed herein may have an architecture that is the same as and/or similar
to one or
more portions of the architecture 1200.
[0096] In some embodiments, one or more of the methods (or portion(s) thereof)
disclosed herein may be performed by a system, apparatus and/or device having
an
architecture that is the same as or similar to the architecture 1200 (or
portion(s)
thereof). The architecture may be implemented as a distributed architecture or
a non-
distributed architecture.
[0097] The architecture 1200 may include one or more processors 5510 and one
or
more non-transitory computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory 5520 and/or
one
or more non-volatile storage media 5530). The processor 5510 may control
writing data
to and reading data from the memory 5520 and the non-volatile storage device
5530
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(e.g., non-transitory computer-readable medium) in any suitable manner. The
storage
media may store one or more programs and/or other information for operation of
the architecture 1100. In at least some embodiments, the one or more programs
include one or more instructions to be executed by the processor 5510 to
perform one
or more portions of one or more tasks and/or one or more portions of one or
more
methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the other information may
include
data for one or more portions of one or more tasks and/or one or more portions
of one
or more methods disclosed herein. To perform any of the functionality
described
herein, the processor 5510 may execute one or more processor-executable
instructions
stored in one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media (e.g.,
the
memory 5520 and/or one or more non-volatile storage media 5530).
[0098] In at least some embodiments, the architecture 1200 may include one or
more communication devices 5540, which may be used to interconnect the
architecture to one or more other devices and/or systems, such as, for
example, one or
more networks in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide
area
network, such as an enterprise network, artificial intelligence network,
machine learning
network, an intelligent network, or the Internet. Such networks may be based
on any
suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may
include wireless networks or wired networks.
[0099] In at least some embodiments, the architecture 1200 may have one or
more
input devices 5545 and/or one or more output devices 5550. These devices can
be
used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output
devices that
may be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens
for visual
presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for
audible
presentation of output. Examples of input devices that may be used for a user
interface
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include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and
digitizing
tablets. As another example, the architecture 1200 may receive input
information
through speech recognition or in other audible formats.
[0100] Fig. 13 illustrates a mobile platform 1300 configured and
arranged according
to the present disclosure. The platform 1300 includes sensors 1310, processor
circuits
1320, a power supply 1330, and wireless communications 1340. Optionally, the
sensors
1310 include a GPS subunit 1315 and other electrical circuitry and components
to
achieve the above-described features. Sensors 1310 can be the same as or
different
than sensors 190. Processor circuit 1320 can be the same as or different than
controller
180. In addition, power supply 1330 can be the same as or can comprise battery
160.
[0101] Fig. 14 illustrates a cloud-based or networked architecture
1400 for
implementing the present system and method, including coupling of a network-
accessible database or memory 1410 (e.g., a network-accessible server) and
components to a mobile platform 1420, a user device 1430, or other electronic
and
data processing components. The network-accessible database or memory 1410 can
store skier models, datasets, statistics, and model update algorithms, and can
provide
a web interface to these data. The mobile platform 1420 can store threshold
parameters, such as the sensor settings for initiating release of the
bindings, and recent
data logs. The user device 1430 can store data summaries and provide an
interface to
the activation circuit.
[0102] Fig. 15 is a flow chart 1500 of an automated method for
releasing a ski
binding having one or more pyrotechnic fasteners according to an embodiment.
In
step 1510, a microprocessor-based controller receives sensor data from one or
more
sensors disposed on a skier (e.g., on the skier's body and/or clothing) and/or
on the
skier's equipment (e.g., ski bindings, ski boots, skis, and/or poles). In step
1520, the
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controller evaluates the sensor data to determine the state of the skier. For
example,
the controller can compare the sensor data to a model of the skier. The
controller can
also evaluate the sensor data for a sudden change in orientation and/or
acceleration
which may indicate that the skier has fallen (e.g., is in falling state).
[0103] When the controller determines that the skier is in a falling
state, in step 1530
the controller generates an output signal (e.g., a trigger signal) that
activates (e.g.,
ignites, reacts, detonates, and/or explodes) explosive material in a
pyrotechnic fastener
in the ski binding. The pyrotechnic fastener can be an explosive bolt, a
frangible nut, or
another pyrotechnic fastener. The pyrotechnic fastener is used to releasably
maintain a
spring, in the ski binding, in a first state that secures a ski boot in the
ski binding. The
output signal causes a switch in an activation circuit to transition from a
disconnected
state to a connected state. In the disconnected state, the pyrotechnic
fastener is
electrically disconnected from the battery. In the connected state, the
pyrotechnic
fastener is electrically connected to the battery. Electrically energy from
the battery,
causes the explosive material to ignite and detonate, which at least partially
breaks or
destroys the pyrotechnic fastener, thereby transitioning the spring to a
second state
that releases (or at least partially releases) the ski boot from the ski
binding in step
1540.
[0104] Fig. 16 is a flow chart 1600 of a method for releasing a ski
binding having one
or more pyrotechnic fasteners according to another embodiment. In step 1610, a
microprocessor-based controller receives a manual activation signal from an
external
device. The external device can include a manual-release device (e.g., a
button or
lever) that is accessible to the skier while he/she is skiing (e.g., on the
skier's clothing or
ski equipment (e.g., poles, helmet, goggles, etc.). The manual-release device
is in
electrical communication (e.g., using a wired and/or a wireless connection)
with the
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controller of the activation circuit(s) for the pyrotechnic fastener(s) in the
skier's ski
bindings. Depressing the manual-release button/lever causes a manual
activation
signal to be sent, using a wired and/or a wireless connection, from the manual-
release
button/lever to the activation circuit controller(s). For example, the
activation circuit
controller(s) can be electrically coupled to a radio that can wirelessly
receive the
manual activation signal. Alternatively, one or more wires can electrically
couple the
manual-release button/lever and the activation circuit controller(s).
[0105] In another embodiment, the external device can include a manual-release
button/lever or a computer (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, etc.) that
is
accessible to a person other than the skier, such as a member of the skier's
race team
or a member of the safety crew for the race course. The manual-release
button/lever
and/or computer is/are in electrical communication (e.g., using a wireless
connection)
with the controller of the activation circuit(s) for the pyrotechnic fastener
in the skier's
ski bindings. The computer can include a soft button or a hard button that
generates
the manual activation signal. The so-Ft/hard button can function as a manual
release
device.
[0106] In step 1620, the controller of at least one activation
circuit in the ski binding
generates an output signal (e.g., a trigger signal) that causes the switch in
the
respective activation circuit to transition from the disconnected state to the
connected
state.
[0107] In step 1630, the respective pyrotechnic fastener is activated
(e.g., ignited,
reacted, detonated, and/or exploded) to release (or at least partially
release) the skier's
ski boot from the ski binding in step 1640. Additional details of the
pyrotechnic
fastener activation are described herein including in step 1530, above. The
pyrotechnic
fastener can be an explosive bolt, a frangible nut, or another pyrotechnic
fastener.
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[0108] Fig. 17 is a flow chart 1700 of a method for releasing a ski
binding having one
or more pyrotechnic fasteners according to another embodiment. In step 1710, a
microprocessor-based controller receives sensor data from one or more sensors.
That
sensor data relates to a boundary of a ski slope or race course. The boundary
can be
the edge of the ski slope, such as where trees or a ski lift is located.
Alternatively, the
boundary can be the edge of a race course, such as where protective netting
may be
located.
[0109] For example, antennas can be placed along the boundaries and the signal
strength and/or signal triangulation to determine when to activate the
explosive bolt(s)
and/or frangible nut(s). Alternatively, electrical wires can be placed on or
under the
snow along the boundaries. Current can pass through the electrical wires to
generate
electronic and magnetic fields. The electronic and/or magnetic field can be
sensed by
the sensors to activate the explosive bolt(s) and/or frangible nut(s) using
the activation
circuit controller. In another example, GPS sensors indicate that the position
of location
of the skier relative to one or more boundaries The boundary(ies) can be
manually
provided to the controller in advance of a race or they can be automatically
provided
by the ski area or ski racing organization.
[0110] In step 1720, the controller evaluates the sensor data to
determine whether
the skier is at or approaching a boundary. For example, the strength of the
electromagnetic (e.g., radio) signal from the antennas or the strength of the
electric or
magnetic field from the electrical wires can be used to determine whether the
skier is
at or approaching the boundary. In another example, the controller can compare
the
current GPS coordinates with the boundary GPS coordinates to determine whether
the
skier is at or approaching a boundary. In some embodiments, the controller can
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determine a trajectory and/or speed of the skier using past GPS coordinates of
the
skier in addition to the current GPS coordinates.
[0111] In step 1730, when the controller determines that the skier is
at or
approaching a boundary, the controller generates an output signal (e.g., a
trigger
signal) that activates (e.g., ignites, reacts, detonates, and/or explodes)
explosive
material in a pyrotechnic fastener in the ski binding. The pyrotechnic
fastener can be an
explosive bolt, a frangible nut, or another pyrotechnic fastener. The
pyrotechnic
fastener is used to releasably maintain a spring, in the ski binding, in a
first state that
secures a ski boot in the ski binding. The output signal causes a switch in an
activation
circuit to transition from a disconnected state to a connected state. In the
disconnected
state, the pyrotechnic fastener is electrically disconnected from the battery.
In the
connected state, the pyrotechnic fastener is electrically connected to the
battery.
Electrically energy from the battery, causes the explosive material to ignite
and
detonate, which at least partially breaks or destroys the pyrotechnic
fastener, thereby
transitioning the spring to a second state that releases (or at least
partially releases) the
ski boot from the ski binding in step 1740.
[0112] Having thus described several aspects and embodiments of the technology
of
this application, it is to be appreciated that various alterations,
modifications, and
improvements will readily occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such
alterations,
modifications, and improvements are intended to be within the spirit and scope
of the
technology described in the application. For example, those of ordinary skill
in the art
will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for
performing the
function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages
described
herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be
within the
scope of the embodiments described herein. In addition, though the embodiments
has
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been described with respect to sports equipment for alpine skiing, it is
recognized that
aspects of the invention are also applicable to cross-country skiing, water
skiing,
snowboarding, wakeboarding, and/or other ski or board sports.
[0113]
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the many equivalents to the
specific
embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the
foregoing
embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of
the
appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be
practiced
otherwise than as specifically described. In addition, any combination of two
or more
features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods described herein,
if such
features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually
inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0114] The above-described embodiments may be implemented in numerous ways.
One or more aspects and embodiments of the present application involving the
performance of processes or methods may utilize program instructions
executable by a
device (e.g., a computer, a processor, or other device) to perform, or control
performance of, the processes or methods.
[0115] In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as a non-
transitory computer readable storage medium (or multiple non-transitory
computer
readable storage media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs,
compact
discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations
in field
programmable gate arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other tangible
computer
storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one
or
more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement one or more
of
the various embodiments described above.
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[0116] The computer readable medium or media may be transportable, such that
the
program or programs stored thereon may be loaded onto one or more different
computers or other processors to implement various one or more of the aspects
described above. In some embodiments, computer readable media may be non-
transitory media.
[0117] The terms "program" and "software" are used herein in a generic sense
to
refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions
that may
be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various
aspects
as described above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that, according to
one
aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of
the
present application need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may
be
distributed in a modular fashion among a number of different computers or
processors
to implement various aspects of the present application.
[0118] Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program
modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally,
program
modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc.
that
performs particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The
functionality
of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various
embodiments.
[0119] Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any
suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to
have fields
that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships
may likewise
be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-
readable
medium that convey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable
mechanism
may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a
data
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structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms
that
establish relationship between data elements.
[0120] Also, as described, some aspects may be embodied as one or more
methods.
The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way.
Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an
order
different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts
simultaneously, even
though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
[0121] What is claimed is:
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