Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
4~
The invention is directeA to a hiqhly concentrated heavy
duty built launclrv washing product in a form amenable to
mechanieal metering (i.e., in slurry form), eontaining Na or K
hydroxides, detergents, water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion
exchange material, or sodium tripolyphosphate or mix~ures
theleof, sodium polyacrylate, a modified polyaerylie aeid salt
and water and optionally optical brightener, coloring agent,
sodium carhoxymethyl cellulose and perfume.
Both granular and liquid laundry products have a number of
inherent deficiencies.
Granular products are subject to caking in their package or
in t:he dispenser from which they are fed into the laundry
machine. Thev contain bulk aids or fillers which serve no
direct purpose in launclering fahric.
On the other hand, conventional liquid laundry washing
prc~dlcts are limited in the amount of active in~redients which
can ~-e clissolved in water ancl still provide a stable system.
We have discovered that incorporating the best properties
of the liquid launclry deterqent and the granular laundry
detergent into a single new laundry product was best achieved
by using a novel blend in a slurry form.
The slurry form eliminates the eaking and the dusting of
powclerecl launclry detergents and provides a positive means of
mechanically dispensing into the laundry machine. It also
provicles improved performance over liquid products, which are
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limited in concentration by the mutual compatibility of its
ingredients. ~he use o~ a slurry allows the use of materials
normally incompatible and/or insoluble since in a slurry, no
true solution need he formed. Rather, a semi-fluid,
essentially homogeneous mass is the only prerequisite for a
satisfactory product.
Our new composition is particularly useful in areas where
the water supply contains high calcium and magnesium hardness.
Our product has high physical stability. Kept at 120F~ for
two weeks it shows only very slight separation. It i5 easily
metered using a peristaltic dispensing pump.
Table 1 gives preferred and operable ranges for the
components. Most of the components are discussed further
below, particularly as to their preferred formsO
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Example 1
A slurried detergent was prepared as follows. The
lngredients as given in Column 1 of Tahle 1 were added in order
to a kettle equipped with a jacket capable of heating and
cooling and a mixer capable of running at a minimum of 150
rpm. Sufficient ingredients were used to make a 1000 pound
mix. The water was added first, at 50 - 80 F. Next the
modified polyacrylic acid was added, using a funnel disperser.
This component was added slowly to avoid lumping. It was
admixed into the water with high agitation until dissolved.
The liquid caustic soda was added next and mixed for ten
minutes. The alizarine blue dye was predissolved in three
quarts of hot tap water and added to the batch. The
ethoxylated alcohol detergent (non-ionic surfactant) was added
slowly and mixed for ten minutes with maximum agitation. At
this point water is run through the kettle jacket to provide
cooling to 120 or less. The sodium tripolyphosphate was added
slowly through a four-to-the-inch screen with the mixer going
at the highest speed. A good rate of addition is five minutes
per 100 pounds with a five-minute pause between each 100 pounds
added. If the powder floats or otherwise does not mix or wet,
allow more time between additions. The rate of addition of the
sodium tripolyphosphate is very important for good mixing.
After all of the sodium tripolyphosphate is added, mix one
hour. The temperature is maintained at 120 F or ]ess after
the addition of the sodium tripolyphosphate. At the end of
that time pull a sample for inspection. The sample should flow
like a lotion with no curding. If curding occurs~ mix an
additional hour and recheck. Continue mixing until smooth.
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Next add the sodium polyacrylate and mix for fifteen minutes.
Next add the ~odecyl benzene sulfonic acid ancl mix for fifteen
minutes. Next add the sulfostyryl derivative and mix or one
hour. This completes preparation of the composition.
In compositions that include sodium aluminosilicate and/or
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, these should be stirred into the
vesse] in similar fashion, with a view to eliminating lumps and
sediment.
This slurried laundry product uses a water softener system
suspended in a base thickened with a modified polyacrylic acid
salt and a polyacrylic acid salt. The modified polyacrylic
aci~ salt and the polyacrylic aci~ salt act as suspending aids
to keep the water softener (zeolite, sodium tripolyphosphate or
a variety of other water softeners known to the trade)
suspended uniformly for pro]onged periods of storage.
Example 2
In order to make modified polyacry]ic acid polymers of the
type of Example l, solution polymerization using the following
reaction mixture can be used:
Raw MaterialParts by Weight
-
Acrylic acid98.75
Polyallyl sucrose l.25
Azoisobutyronitrile l.0
Benzene 880.0
The polymerization is carried out under autogenous pressure
at 50 C until the reaction is complete, which may require 20
hours. The polymer formed is a fine friab]e powder~ The
pow(ler, freed from solvent, is in the acid form, and is ready
to use. Molecular weight is about 1,000,000. Preferably the
product is neut{alized with alkali, e.g., NaOH or KOH, to
develop its thickening properties in formu]ations. Such alkali
is provided in the formulations in Tahle 1.
The polyallyl sucrose can be made by the allylation of
sucrose. The sucrose is dissolved in concentrated aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution, one and one-half equivalent weights
of allyl chloride for every hydroxyl group in the sucrose
molecule added and the mixture sealed in a reaction autoclave.
The autoclave and its contents are heated to 80 to 83 C for
ahout five ho~lrs until no further drop in pressure occurs. The
autoclave is cooled and the contents diluted with water until
all precipitated salts are dicsolved. An organic layer
separates out and is isolated and steam distilled. The crude
product resulting from steam distillation is then washed with a
large volume of ~ater. The wet polyallyl sucrose is then
dissolved in toluene, decolori~ed with "Darco" activated
charcoal and drie~ with sodium sulfate. The toluene is finally
removed by distillation under reduced pressure at 100 C. The
re~idue remaining is a polyallyl polyether of sucrose. It has
an average of 5.~ allyl groups and 1.97 hydroxyl groups per
molec-lle. The yield is ahout 91%.
The polymers formed from the reaction of polyallyl sucrose
and acrylic acid as in Example 5 of U. S. Patent 2 798 053 are
suitable as the allyl sucrose modified polyacrylic acid
component of our composition.
Similar procedures for
makinq the same or suhstantially the same acrylic-allyl sucrose
copolvmers are given in U. S. Patent 4 130 401.
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Carhopol 941, a mo~ified polyacrylic acid available
commercially from s. F. ~oodrich, is considered similar to that
of Example 2 of our instant specification and is especially
suitahle.
The above procedure (our Example 2) gives a polyacrylic
acid modified hy slight cross-linking with polyallyl sucrose.
The molecular wei~ht is about 500,000 - 10,000,000, typically
l,000,000. This material is herein referred to as allyl
sucrose modified polyacrylic acid or (for purposes of hrevity,
e.q., in Table 1) simply modified polyacrylic thickening agent.
~ ore comprehensively stated, the modified polyacrylic acid
thickening agent can operably be the genus defined as a water
dispersihle copolymer of an alpha-beta monoolefinically
unsaturated lower aliphatic carboxylic acid crosslinked with a
polyether of a polyol selected from the class consisting of
oliqo sacchari~es, reduced derivatives thereof in which the
carbonyl group is converted to an alcohol group, and
pentaerythritol, the hydroxyl groups of said polyol which are
modifie~ heing etherified with allyl groups, said polyol having
at least two allyl groups per polyol molecule, water
~isp~rsions of which are suitahle for use as suspension aids by
adjustinq the P~ to the proper range. Examples of commercially
availahle memhers of this class of resin are the Carhopol
resins, i.e., Carhopol 934, Carbopol 940 and Carbopol 941,
manufactured by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company, Akron, Ohio.
~, ~
Particularly preferred is Carbopol 941. The Carbopol resins
can he made by the process of IJ. S. Patent 2 798 053, above
referenced.
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Some or the other components of our composition are herein
described as follows.
The non-ionic suri:actant is preferably the reaction product
of a linear Cl2- Cl5 alcohol with 3-12 moles of ethylene
oxide. The 7 mole ethoxylate is preferred. Other nonionic
detergents or mixtures thereof known to the trade are also
suitably incorporated.
Sodium polyacrylate can have a molecular weight in the
range 50,000 - 200,000. Typically the molecular weight is
ahout 90,000. It is availahle as PSK-20 from Dearborn Div.,
Chemed Corp. (Molecular weights herein given are weight
average unless otherwise stated.) The sodium polyacrylate is
preferahly added in liquid form in solution, e.g., in water.
We prefer a 20% solution in water. Other monovalent
polyacrylic acid salts are also suitable, as are monovalent
polymethacrylic acid salts.
The alkyl aryl sulfonic acid and salts thereof are well
known surfactant detergents and are available commercially as
compounds of the formula alkyl - ~ SO3R, where the alkyl
grou~ is C8 - Cl8 and R is Na, K, or H. The preferred
product is linear dodecylben~ene sulfonic acid. Other anionic
deter~ents or mixtures thereof known to the trade are also
suitahly incorporated.
The optical hrightener or whitener is suitably
4,4'-di(2-sulfostyryl biphenyl), disodium salt, available
commercially as Tinopal CBS from Ciha-Geiqy Corp. Numerous
other suitable optical hriqhteners are commercially availahle,
_ g _
~ ,Z~
and the type is not critical, except that it be ~hemically
staL>le in the medium of the composi~ion. A typical optical
hrightener for laundry use is made hy dia~otization of
4-aminostllhene- 2-s~lfonic acld, fol]owed hy coupling with
e.g., a naphthylamine derivative, and oxidation to the triazole
compound.
The zeolite, a sodium aluminosilicate of the formula
12~(A12)12(Si2)121-XH2~ is availahle
commercially as zeolite 4A from various sourcesr e.g., as
Sylosiv 100 from W. R. Grace & Co. with X = 0-2, typically 1 or
2. When it is put in water, it rapidly hydrates until X =
aho~lt 20-30. I~ence, operationally, X = 0-30.
As for the polYphosphate, there are several well-known
polyphosphates useful as Lui]ders in laundry operations, e.q.,
thP alkali metal pyrophosphates, sodium hexametaphosphate,
s~dium tripolyphosphate, and the like. These are also known as
complexin~ or condensed phosphates. When we use a
polyphosphate, we prefer sodium tripolyphosphate, in powdered
form.
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