Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
-- 1 --
Case 3-12518/1+2
PHENOLS AS STABILISERS
The present invention relates to novel phenols, to
their use as stabilisers for organic material, par~icularly
for lubricants, to the production of the novel compounds,
and to the organic matexial stabilised theEewith.
Antioxidant-stabilisers containing phenol groups for
stabilising organic material, especially polymers, are
known. From the U.S. Patent Speci~ications Nos. 3,745,148
and 3,017,586 is also known the use of stabilisers containing
phenol and dithiophosphate groups for stabilising lubricants.
The described compounds however do not satisfy, or at most
only partly satisfy, the high requirements which a high-
pressure and antlwear additive has to meet.
There nas now been found a new class of phenol-containing
compounds which~produce in organic materials a high colour-
and extraction-stability, and impart to lubricants, in
addition to ha~ing therein a good anti-oxidation and anti-
corrosion action, excellent extreme pressure and antiwear
properties. Furthermore, the novel compounds in lubricants
are characterised by negligible ~ormation o sediment and by
no formation o ash.
The novel compounds correspond to the general ~ormula I
~ 7 ~
- 2 - ;.
\0,/ m 73 ~ (Cla2n-~) q~ az ~Z (I)
R2 \E~3
wherein RL and R2 independently of one another are each
Cl-C12-alkyl, or they are phenyL, C7-C9-aralkyl or C5-C7-
cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted
by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having a total of 1 to 12 C atoms,
and R2 in addition is hydrogen or chlorine, ~3 is hydrogen
or methyl, m is nought, 1, 2, 3 or 4, X is -0-, -S- or -NH-,
n and r independently of one another are each an integer from
nought to 20 inclusive, q is 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso
that (n-q)~r is an integer from nought to 24 inclusive, and
Y is a group of the formula II or III
~6
I
R4 ~5 ~ R3
in which R4 and R5 are each hydrogen or hydroxyl, and at
least one of the radicals R~ and R5 is a group of the
formula IV
~o (IV),
Rlo
R6 is hydrogen or methyl, R7 and R8 are both hydrogen, or
together they form a Eurther C-C bond, n at the same time
being 1, or one of the radicals R7 and R8 is hydrogen, and
the other is a group of the formula IV, wherein R9 and Rlo
independently of one another are each Cl-C30-alkyl or
C2-C10 alkoxyalkyl, or they are phenyl, C7-C9-aralkyL or
C5-C7-cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substi-
tuted by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having a total of 1 to 12 C atoms,
:: ' ' ',. :,
,. ' ~ ,' " . '~ :, '.,
; ", ~ : .
' ~' ' '" ' ' ' . ' ' , ' ~
~lS9~77
-- 3 --
or Rg and Rlo together are a group of the formula V
- (R~ ~.) C (R12) - [ (R13) C (RL4) ] t ( 15 16 (V)
wherein t is noughtor 1, and Rll, R12, R13, R14~ ~ 5 and
R16 independently of one another are each hydrogen or
methyl, and Z is hydrogen or a group of the formula VI
-~ ~c a~ O~ ~ (VI),
R/ \R
in which the symbols Rl, R2, R3, m and X have the meanings
defined above.
Rl and R2 as Cl-C12-alkyl are for example: methyl,
ethyl, iso-propyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, t-amyl, n~hexyl,
1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl or 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl.
Preferred alkyl groups have 1 to 8 C atoms. In preferred
compounds, Rl is t-butyl, t-amyl or 1,1,3,3-tetra-
methylbutyl.
When Rl, R2, R9 and Rlo are C7-C9-aralkyl, this can be
benzyl, a-phenylethyl or a,a-dimethylbenzyl.
If Rl, R2, R9 and Rlo are C5-C7-cycloalkyl, this is
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
Rl, R2, Rg and Rlo as phenyl, araLkyl and cycloalkyl
can each be substituted by 1 to 3 alkyl groups having-a
total of 1 to 12 C atoms. Examples of alkyl substituents
of this type are: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-
butyL, t-butyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3~tetramethylbutyl, n-nonyl,
1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl or n-dodecyl.
The preferred meaning of R3 is hydrogen, of m it is
1 or 2, and of X it is -O- .
.,
; . : ,.:
.
. , .. : :
. ~, . . .. :. .
~s~ 7
The group -C~ H2m can be a branched-chain alkylene
group, but preferably it is a straight-chain alkylene
group.
Independently of one another, n and r c~n be an
integer from nought to 20 but preferably from nought to 8
inclusive. In preferred compounds, n is nought to 6
inclusive, particularly 1, and r is preferably 1 and
particularly preferably it is nought.
The groups ~CnH2n- and ~CrH2r- can be straight-chain
or branched-chain alkyl groups. Examples of such groups
are: methylene, ethylene-1,2, propylene-1,3, butylene 1,4,
pentamethylene-1,5, hexamethylene-1,6, octamethylene-1,8,
nonamethylene-1,9, l-propylidene, isopropylidene, l-methyl-
ethylene 1,2, l-ethylidene, l-butylidene, 2-butylidene,
2-pentylidene, l-pentylidene, l-hexylidene, 3-methyl-
pentamethylene-1,5 and 4,8,12-trimethyl-tridecame~hylene-1,13.
q can be 1, 2 or 3, with the preferred meaning being 1.
If q i9 2 or 3, the 2 or 3 units of the formula
-(CnH2n-Y)- do not have to be identical. Examples of
bridge members of the formula ~(CnH2n~Y)q~ are -Y-CH2-Y-,
-CH2-Y-Y-, -(CH2)8-Y-CH2-Y- and -(CH2)8-Y-CH2-Y-CH2-Y~-
The compounds according to the invention satisfy thecondition that the sum of (n-q)~r is a number from nought to
24~ preerably nought to 16, and particularly nought to 6.
A preferred meaning of Y is the group of the formula II.
In this formula, at least one of the radicals R4 and R5
has to be a group of the formula IV, the other hydroxyl
or preferably hydrogen. The invention relates however also
to compounds in which both R4 and R5 are a group of the
formula IV, wherein the substituents R9 and Rlo occurring
in both groups preferably have the same meaning. A further
preferred meaning of Y ls the group of the formula III
. .
.
, .
lS~'7~
-- 5
wherein R7 and R8 are both hydrogen, or together form
a further C-C bond, n being at the same time 1.
The preferred meaning of R6 is hydrogen.
Where R9 and Rlo are each Cl-C30-alkyl, they can be
for example: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyL,
6-methylheptyl, n-octyl or straight-chain or branched-chain
nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl,
eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl or triacontyl. Long-chain
alkyl groups consist in general of isomeric mixtures.
If R9 and Rlo are C2-C10-alkoxyalkyl, the alkyl moiety
can contain 1 to 3 C atoms and the alkoxy moiety 1-8 C
atoms, such as in methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxy-
ethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-n-butoxyethyl, 3-n-buto~ypropyl,
2-octoxyethyl or methoxypropyl.
When R9 and Rlo together are an alkylene group of the
formula V, it is for example: ethylene-1,2, l-methyL-
ethylene-1,2, 1,1-dimethylethylene-1,2, 1,1,2-trimethyl-
ethylene-1,2, 15 1 ~ 2,2-tetramethylethylene-1,2, propylene-1,3,
l-methylpropylene-1,3, 1,1,3-trimethylpropylene-1,3 or
2,2-dimethylpropylene-1,3.
The preferred meaning of Z is hydrogen.
Preferred compounds correspond to the formula I wherein
Rl and R2 independen-tly of one another are each 51-C8-alkyl,
with R2 in addition being hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen or methyl,
m is 1 or 2, X is -O-, n and r independently of one
another are each an integer from nought to 8 inclusive,
q is 1, with the proviso that (n.q)~r is an integer from
nought to 16 inclusive, Y is a group of the formula II cr
III wherein R4 and R5 are each hydrogen or hydroxyl, and at
least one of the radicals R4 and R5 is a group of the
formula IV, R6 is hydrogen, R7 and R8 are both hydrogen, or
together form a further C-C bond, n at the same time
, . ;
~, . ' ' ' '~ .
Y77
-- 6 --
being 1, or one of the radicals R7 and R8 is hydrogen, and
the o-ther is a group of the formula IV, wherein R9 and Rlo
independently of one another are each Cl-C22-alkyl, or
R9 and Rlo together are a group of the formula V, wherein
the symbols t and Rll to R16 have the meanings defined in
the foregoing, and Z is hydrogen.
Of particular interest also are compounds of the
formula I wherein Rl is t-butyl, t-amyl or 1,1,3,3-te~ra-
methylbutyl, R2 is Cl-C8-alkyl~ R3 is hydrogen, m is
1 or 2, X is -O-, n is an integer from nought to 6
inclusive, r is nought or 1, q is 1, Y is a group of
the formula II or III, in which one of the substituents
R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other is a group of the
formula IV, wherein R9 and Rlo have the meanings defined
in the foregoing, and R7 and R8 are both hydrogen, n
being at the same time 1.
Examples of compounds of the formula I are summarised
in the following Table.
: .
~15
.. 7 -
__ , __ ~ __ , . .
h
~ = = = = = _ _
:~ :,
' _.~ ~ ~._ _._
O ~_~ ~ I o I ~ I I t~
, ---. ~ __. ,, ., ___ ___
' _~ = _ = _ __, _ -
~0 ~n ~_ ^~~ ~ ^~ ~
h ;~1 ,~ _ n ï o . -- _ ~
o ~, u ~ ^c ~iT _ c ~ ~ ~
'J ~1 ~:~ c~l~ ~ v~ ~1 ~ c~l~ ~
C ~ _ ~- _ . _ ___. ~
,C ~ 4~ ,. .
C ~ C _ _ ~i = _ _ =
-~=C~5 _ _ _ _ _
O -~; ~= _~ '~ C~ - C~
U) _ _ -. .. ~ ~ _ . _ _
e o _ ~ ~ .. I ~ r
_. _ _ _
~ . ~,., i I ~ ~ , I ~-
V __ __ . . _
4~ l ~ I ~ 1~-. I:~. I~_
al _~3 (~ _ _~ _`~ C_~ _~
r~4 __ _ O r~- _ _ _ .~ _
~C ___ _ ._ _ I _ __ _
~: )~ ,~ '~
~rl ~ = __ ~ _
. _ _._ . _
.. ' - i ~ .
, ` ' ' ` ,.' .
' !
'" ~ ;
377
-- 8 --
~ T-
~ - = = = ~ =
. ,
--, _ _
I ~ ~ _ I
I _ __ . o =,
_I - - . _ --
_ - -- f- _
C~ "~ ~, ~ '~ i
~ _--~--~ _.
c C ~ = _ ,~:~' v~ t = ~
~_ _ _ _ , ~ ~ __ __
~ l
C ~ Y ~ '~_ _~ _'~ _- ~''
~ . _
C _ ~C = _ _ _ I _
__ ....... _ . _ _ _ _ _ .__
~S i 0, C;~' i C;' 0, ~, 1 2
~ _ _ 1 - r-
.. ~ --~
I ~, ~ ~ C~
~ _ - _ - 1-- ' --~- - -r
.~ ~' ~ ~
-- I -- ~
O ~ ~ .
~-. -- ~ --_
.
3L~ 77
9 _
_...... _ _ , ~ _ _ ._ __
=
,----= ~ ' := _
^~ ~ t'' ~ ~- -- ''' ~<1
~0 , ,', o . ~:o ~,- ,~ o~f
_~ _ ë~ ~ _ _
l = _ ~ ~1 ~
~1~' _ _C ~C = = =
e _ _~ _ c _~ __ O~
. x 7 O I _ _ e O
L
Z ~ _ _ _ Z l _ ~
1. ~,., ~ ~ .
- , ~ ,
~ . `.,
.. . . .
~ ~L5~77
- 10 -
: ~
_ ~
~L59~
The compounds of the formula I are produced in a manner
known per se, for example by esterification of a carboxylic
acid, or of a reactive derivative, such as an acid
chloride or lower alkyl ester of the formula IX
~0--\ 0 /-~m~Z~ 2~7 (IX)
Rz 3
wherein R17 is OH, Cl or Cl~C4-alkoxy, and the remaining
symbols have the meanings defined in the foregoing, with a
hydroxyalkene, -epoxide or -alkine of the ~ormula X
EO-~C~E12 -Y*) -C a2 ~Z ~x)
wherein Y* is a group -CH-C(R6)-, -C ~ CH- or -C_C-~ and
the remaining symbols of the formula X and R6 have the
meanings already defined. To the compound of the ormula XI
obtained in this manner
l\ ,
HO- / O \.-C H2m-C-X-(cnH~n-Y )q crHZr (XI)
R / \R
wherein the symbols have the meanings defined in the
foregoing, there is optionally added a compound of the
formula XII
s
as-~ 9 (XII)
ORlo
wherein R9 and Rlo have the meanings defined in the foregoing.
The addition can be performed in an inert solvent, or
preferably without solvent, at temperatures of 0-180C,
;;. , .
- . .; .
, ~ . , , ;
~L5~7
- 12 -
advantageously however without solvent at tempera~ures of
0-180C, preferably at 50-150C, and optionally in the
presence of a radical initiator. Suitable solvents are
optionally chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons,
such as special grades of petroleum spirit, or hexane,
heptane, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene,
chlorobenzene, dichlorobenze-ne, toluene or xylene; or
ethers, such as diethyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran.
Radical initiators usable for the radically catalysed
addition reaction are for example in particular: peroxy
and azo compounds, or UV light. Customary peroxy compounds
are hydrogen peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydro-
peroxide or dibenzoyl peroxide. A suitable azo compound
is especially a,a'~azodiisobutyric acid dinitrile.
If the dithiophosphoric acid-0,0-diester of the formula
XII is reacted with an alkene of the formula XI wherein
Y* is -CH=C(R6)-, and the remaining symbols have the
meaning defined in the foregoing, there are formed compounds
of the formula I in which Y is a group of the formula II.
There is obtained, in addition to the compound wherein R~
is hydrogen, and R5 is the group of the formula IV, as a rule
the isomeric compound in which R4 is a group of the formula
IV and R5 is hydrogen. The separation of -the two isomers
is possible in a known manner. GeneraLly however the
isomeric mixture is used for application as lubricant
additives.
When the dithiophosphoric acid-0,0-diester of the
formula XII is reacted with an epoxide of the formula XI
in which Y* is - ~ ~R6)-, and the remaining symbols have
the afore~entioned meanings, there are formed compounds in
which Y is a group of the formula II wherein one of the
symbols R4 and R5 is hydrox~l, and the other is a groLIp of
the formula IV. In this case too, there is formed as a rule
.
77
- 13 -
an isomeric mixture, which can if desired be separated.
If the dithiophosphoric acid-O,O-dies~er of the
formula XII is reacted with an alkine of the formula XI
wherein Y* is -G=C-, and the remaining symbols have the
meanings defined in the foregoing, there are formed, on
reaction of approximately one mol of the compound of the
formula XII with appro~imately one mol of the compound of
the formula XI, those representatives of the formula I
in which Y is a group of the formula III, with one of the
radicals R7 and R8 being hydrogen and the other a group
of the formula IV. There are formed as above isomeric mix-
tures in this case. If approximately two mols of a compound
of the formula XII are reacted with approximately one mol
of the compound of the formula XI (Y*: -C~C~), there are
obtained as product substances of the formula I wherein Y
is a group of the formula II in which R4 and R5 are a group
of the formula IV.
The dithiophosphates of the formula XII are known
compounds and are readily obtainable commercially.
The novel compounds of the formula XI are bo-th stabil-
isers for organic materials and lubricants, and valuable
intermediates. This applies in particular to the novel
compounds o the formula XI, such as 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-
4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid allyl ester and 3-(3,5-
di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid propargyl
ester.
The compounds of the formula I according to the
invention are effective antioxidants for organic material.
They are suitable for stabilising a great number of organic
polymers. Examples of polymers of this kind are:
1. Polymers which are derived from mono- and diolefins,
s~ch as polyethylene, which can be crosslinked,
~, , ,
~S~C~77
,,~,,
polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polymethylbut-l-ene,
polymethylpent-l-ene, polyisoprene and polybutadiene.
2. Mixtures o~ the homopolymers mentioned under 1, for
example mixtures of polypropylene and polyethylene, o~
polypropylene and polybut-l-ene and of polypropylene and
polyisobutylene.
3. Copolymers of the monomers on which the homopolymers
mentioned under 1 are based, such as ethylene/propylene
copolymers, ethylene/but-l-ene copolymers, as well as
terpoly~ers o~ ethylene and propylene with a diene, for
example hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene.
4. Acrylonitrile copolymers, for example butadiene/
acrylonitrile/methyl~ethacrylate copolymers and ABS.
5. Polystyrene and copolymers thereof, such as S~N, IPS,
ASA and EP-modified styrene copolymers.
6. Halogen-containing vinyl polymers.
7. Polyurethanes.
8. Polycarbonates.
9. Polyamides.
10. Polyesters.
The stabilisers can be optionally combined with other
additives, such as with other antioxidants, lubricants,
such as Ca-stearate, pigments, dyes, UV-absorbers,
sterically hindered amines as light stabilisers, metal
deactivators, talcum and other fillers.
The stabilisers according to the invention are in
general used in amounts o~ 0.01 to 5 per cent by weight,
relative ~o the material to be stabilised, whereby the
,, , , -
. ,
-
" , ' ~ ' ,1' , . ' ' .
. - . .,-:,; . - :
-: ~ ,
~L~S~ 7
- 15 -
amount can vary dependi~g on the substrate and mode o~
application. Pre~erred amounts are from 0.05 to 2 per
cent by weight, particularly from 0.1 to 1 per cent by weight.
Some of the stabilisers according to the invention
can also be grafted onto the polymers (cp. in this respect
German Offenlegungsschrlft No. 2,509,654). The stabilisers
for this application are used in amounts of 0.01 to 5 or
10%, typically in amounts of 0.25 to 3 %, and especially
0.5 to 2 %, relative to the weight of the polymer. There
is moreoveradded with the grafting method a radical former.
The wPight ratio of stabiliser to radical former is
100:1 to 0.25:1.
Even in very small amounts, the compounds of the
formula I are effective as high-pressure additives in
lubricants. Thus, mineral and synthetic lubricating oils,
and also mixtures thereof, which contain 0.001 to 5 per
cent by weight, preferably 0.02 to 3 per cent by weight,
relative~to the lubricant, of a compound of the formula I
display excellent high-pressure lubricating properties
which are clearly manifested in greatly reduced wear
phenomena on the parts in contact which have been lubricated.
The lubricants which can be used are commonly known to those
skilled in the art, and are described for example in
"Schmiermittel Taschenbuch" ["Lubricants F~andbook"]
(H~thig Verlag, Heidelberg, 1974).
The lubricating-oil formulation can additionally
contain other additives which are added in order to improve
certa-ln basic oil properties, additives such as anti-
o~idants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, agents for
lmproving the viscosity index, pour-point depressors,
dispersants/detergents and other additives which protect
against wear.
.
,
~59~)'77
- 16 -
Examples of antioxidants are:
(a) alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines and
mixtures thereof, for example: dioctyldiphenylamine,
mono-t-octylphenyl-~- and -~-naphthylamines, pheno-
thiazine, dioctylphenothiazine, phenyL-~-naphthylamine
and N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine;
(b) sterically hindered phenols, for example 2,6-di-
tert-butyl-p-cresol~ 4,4'-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenol),
2,4,6-triisopropylphenol, 2,2'-thio-bis-(4-methyl-6-
tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2,6-di~tert-
bu~ylphenol) and tetra-[methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenyl)-propionate]-methane;
(c) alkyl phosphites, aryl phosphites or aralkyl phos-
phites, for example: trino-nyl phosphite, triphenyl
phosphite and diphenyldecyl phosphite;
(d) esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid,
for example: dilauryl thiodipropionate or dioctyl
thiodiacetate;
(e) salts of carbamic and dithiophosphoric acids~ for
example: antimony diamyldithiocarbamate and zinc diamyl-
dithiophosphate; and
(f) combinations of two or more antioxidants from the
above, for example: an alkylated amine and a sterically
hindered phenol.
Examples of metal passivators are:
(a) for copper, for example: benzotriazole, tetrahydro-
benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-
thiadiazole, salicylidene-propylenediamine and salts of
sa].icylaminoguanidine;
(b) for lead, for example: sebacic acid derivatives,
quinizarine and propyl gallate; and
,..................................... ~ , , ., : -
,. .
: : :
~ 5
- 17 -
(c) a combination of two or more of the above additives.
Examples of rust inhibitors are:
(a) organic acids and their esters, metal salts and
anhydrides, for example: N-oleoyl-sarcosine, sorbitane
monooleate, lead napnthenate and dodecenylsuccinic
anhydride;
(b) nitrogen-containing compounds, for example:
I. primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cyclo-
aliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic
acids, ~or example oil-soluble alkyl-ammonium carboxylates,
and
II. heterocyclic compounds, for example: substituted
imidazolines and oxazolines;
(c) phosphorus-containing compounds, for example: amine
salts of phosphoric acid partial esters;
(d) sulfur-containing compounds, for example: barium
dinonylna~phthalene-sulonates and calcium petroleum
sulfonates; and
(e) combinations of two or more of the above additives.
Examples of agents which improve the viscosity index
are: polymethacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate
copolymers, polybutenes, olefine copolymers and s~yrene/
acrylate copolymers.
Examples of pour-point_depressors are: polymethacrylates
and alkylated naphthalene derivatives.
Examples of dispersants/detergents are: polybutenyl-
succinic acid imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derlva-
tives and hyperbasic sulfonates and phenolates of
magnesium, calcium and barium.
Examples of other additives which provide protection
a~ainst wear are: compounds which contain sul~ur and/or
. ' '. ';!.
. :, '~ ' :.` ' ' ' .',' ' ' , :
3L~5~7
phosphorus and/or halogen, such as vegetable oils treated
with sulfur, æinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl
phosphates, chlorinated parafins, alkyl disulfides
and aryl disulfides.
The Examples which follow urther illustrate the
invention.
Exa_ple 1
Isomeric mixture of the formula
X _~ ~ .S-P(S)(o-c~ 3)
~o_ \ 0 / -Ca2Ca2 ~ ~ 2-C}--{Y2 ca3 2
X
214 g (1 mol) of di-thiophosphoric acid-O,o-di-
isopropyl ester are added under nitrogen to 318 g ~1 mol)
of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid allyl
ester, and with the addition of all together 1 g o a,a'-
azodiisobutyric acid dinitrile the mixture is heated for 15
hours at 110-120C, the catalyst being added in 5-10 portions
spr~ad over the entire reaction period. There is formed
a slightly brownish viscous reaction product, which contains
only a small amount of allyl ester. After all volatile
by-products have been evaporated of in vacuo ~2 KPa/80C),
the title product can be used for the application according
to the invention as a lubricant additive without further
purification.
Example 2
,
Isomeric mixture o~- the ormula
:
,.S, ?(S) (o-ca2C~-C2.~i)2
~O_~/~O~ c~2~ ca2-c~ 2 . ¦c4~9
. .,
; ,~
':`
,: :
.:, , : .: .. . : :
: .. : : . : : :: :
~L59~77
- 19
If the dithiophosphoric acid-0,0-di-isopropyl ester
of Example 1 is replaced by 353 g (1 mol) of the corre-
sponding 0,0-di-2-ethyl-n-hexyl ester, there is obtained
using otherwise an analogous procedure, also without
addition of a radical initia~or, the title compound in
the form of a brownish viscous oil.
ExampIe 3
\/ 2ca7 ~ ~7~ -Cd2 _ ~ _D_C-C}J~ 3)
_D_ (~ --C~ ) S
214 g (1 mol) of di-thiophosphoric acid-0,0-di-
isopropyl ester are added under nitrogen to 158 g (0.5 mol)
of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid propargyl
ester, and analogously to Example 1 the mixture is heated
with all together 1 g of a,a'-azoisobutyric acid dinitrile
for 16 hours at 110C with stirring. There is formed the
title compound in the form of a slightly coloured oil
which, according to the elementary analysis, contains
two dithiophosphate radicals per mol. After removal of
volatile fractions in vacuo, the substance can be used
without further purification as a lubricant additive.
Example_4
Isomeric mixture
q ",~S,~(S) (O CI2fd-~H9-~L)2
\ 0,/ 2OE2~ ~-~2~ - Cd7 2 ;
>~ o~
177 g (0.5 mol) of di-thiophosp~oric acid-0,0-di 2-
. ~
.
~lS9~77
- 20 -
ethyl-n-hexyl ester are added at 20C under nitrogen in
the course of 30 minutes, with stirring, to 167 g
(0.5 mol) of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4 hydroxyphenylpropionic
acid-2-epoxypropyl ester, the temperature rising in the
process ~o about 50C. The reaction mixture is stirred
for a further 2 hours without any further supply o~ heat.
The title compound obtained is an almost colourless
viscous oil.
Example 5
3-(3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid allyl ester
. _ . _ .. . _ _ .. . . _ _ .
0.2 g of lithium amide and in the course of 5 hours
38 g of allyl alcohol are added at 150C under nitrogen
to 146 g of 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic
acid methyl ester. After completion of the addition,
stirring is maintained at 150C for a further 10 hours.
The brownish reaction mixture is cooled to about 100C, and
150 ml of-toluene, 0.5 g of concentrated acetic acid and
10 g o~ "Celite Hyflow Supercel" (product of Johns Manville
Corp., USA) are added. There is thus obtained, a~ter
filtration and then removal of the solvent in vacuo, the
title compound in crystalline orm, m.p. about 40C.
Example 6
3-(3,5-Di-t-butyl-4~hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid propargyl
ester _ _
~ y replacing in Example 5 the allyl alcohol by propargyl
alcohol, and lithium amide by Ti(IV)-butylate, there is
obtained, using otherwise the analQgous procedure~ after
about 25 hours' heating at 120 - 130C, the title compound
as a colourless oily liquid, b.p.o 02: 145-146C.
, . : ~;
- , - : . :' . :, : :
.~ . .. ' : :
:: :: ' ; ' :' ': '-, ' '' :
,~
~5~ 7
- 21 -
Example 7
The foLlowing values were determined using the Shell
four-ball apparatus (Tentative method IP 239/69, extreme
pressure and wear lubricant test for oils and greases,
four-ball machine).
1) I.S.L. = Initial Seizure Load: tha~ is the load under
which the oil film breaks down within a duration of load
application of 10 seconds.
2) W.L. ~ Weld Load: that is the Load under which the
4 balls weld together within lQ seconds.
3) W.S.D. ~ Wear Scar Diameter in mm: that is the mean
wear diameter with a loading of 70 kg or 40 kg for 1 hour.
Vitrea 4L (SheLL trade name) was used as ~he base oiL.
Concentration of the stabiliser: 1 per cent by weight.
Table L
Stabiliser ISL (kg) WL (kg) WSD (mm)
none about 60 about L60 about 2.4
ExampLe L -L40 250 0.4
-Example 2 LOO -200 0.3
Example 3 0.4
Example 5 o.6
Example 8
Oil-oxidation test, standard version according to ASTM
D 2272 (Rotary Bomb Oxidatio-n Test~
An oil specimen of 50 ml of mineral oil, "Vitrea 41"
(SHELL trade name), wlth the addition oE 0.25 g of
stabiliser is oxidised? in a glass vessel, together with
5 ml of distilled water and a polished, catalytically
'
~: .
", ':' ~ ~
0~7
- 22 -
acting copper coil, which has been washed with petroleum
ether, in an oxygen atmosphere. The glass vessel is in
a stainless-steel bomb fitted with a pressure gauge.
The bomb rotates axially at 100 r.p.m., at an angle of
30 with the horizontal, in an oil bath at 150C. Before
heating commences, the oxygen pressure is initially about
6 bars; it increases at 150C to nearly 14 bars and then
remains constant until oxidation occurs. The test is
terminated with a drop in pressure of 1.7 bars~ and the
time until that occurs is recorded in minutes.
Table 2
.
Stabiliser Minutes until drop in
~ _ pressure of l.7 bars occurs
none 16
~ ._
Example 1 162
Example 2 70
Example 3 158
~ Example 5 A _.__.________________________.~.___~
' ' ' ~ '
'
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`' :
'~
~. .A~L 59 077
- 23 -
Example 9
Oil-oxidation test according to IP 280, "CIGRE"
Modified version with soluble Cu and Fe catalyst.
Conditions: Introduction of oxygen :Eor 4 hours at
lSOC ~4 litres of 02/h).
Determination of the acid number after end of test;
table value: mg KOH consumption per gram of test oil.
Stabiliser concentration: 0.5 per cent by weight.
Test oil: mineral oil "Vitrea 41" (SHELL trade name).
Table 3
Stabiliser mg KOH/a
none 3.6
Example 1 1.25
Example 2 0.7
Example 3 0.9
.
. - :.: ",, ~, .
