Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
- 1 ~05~
I -1 8255/A
Composition and process for the production of moulding-fast articles
The present invention relates to a composition and a process for the production of
polyamide fibre-containing, brilliant white or particularly bright-coloured articles having
improved moulding fastness properties.
Certain articles made from synthetic fibres are shaped by thermal treatment (moulding).
These are, in particular, high-quality articles made from optically whitened polyamide
fibres or those which comprise polyamide/polyurethane. The hot compression moulds
generally cause a certain yellowing or even browning of the optically whitened textile
material. This phenomenon is highly dependent on the polyamide quality, but in particular
on the optical whitener, and results in variations in the product quality of articles of this
type.
It has now been found that the use of certain hindered phenols and conventional optical
whiteners also in combination with dyes, allows the above disadvantages to be entirely or
at least substantially eliminated. Surprisingly, goods are obtained which, after moulding,
have higher whileness, greater colour brightness and also lower quality variations
compared with material which has only been optically whitened.
The invention therefore relates both to the use and a process using hindered phenols for
improving the moulding fastness of polyamide fibre-containing material and to a
composition for optically whitening polyamide fibre-containing articles which contains an
optical whitener and a hindered phenol, and to a composition which also contains one or
more dyes in addition to the hindered phenol and the optical whitener.
Hindered phenols in the context of the invention are compounds of the formula (I)
(I) (A-Y-)nZ(-W)m
in which A is the radical of a sterically hindered phenol from the benzene series, Y is a
radical of the formula (II) or (III)
- 2- 205~
(Il) ~ 1 2~ R3
(III) IR3 lOI~R~
in which X and X', independently of one another, are alkylene, oxaalkylene or
thiaalkylene, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or a substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group, and x, x' and y, independently of one another, are each 0
or 1, Z is an aliphatic or carbocyclic aromatic radical, the latter containing a maximum of
two monocyclic or bicyclic rings, W is the sulfo group, and m and n, independently of one
another, are 1 or 2, and water-soluble salts thereof.
In the formula (I), A is, for example, a monohydroxyphenyl radical in which at least one
o-position to the hydroxyl group is substituted by an alkyl, cycloalkyl or araLkyl group and
which also carries further substituents.
Alkyl groups in the o-position to the hydroxyl group of A may be straight-chain or
branched and contain 1-12, preferably 4-8, carbon atoms. Preference is given here to
a-branched alkyl groups. These are, for example, the methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, ten-butyl,
isoamyl, octyl, tert-oc~yl and dodecyl groups. The tert-butyl group is particularly
preferred.
Cycloalkyl groups in the o-pOSitiOIl to the hydroxyl group of A contain 6-10, preferably
6-8, carbon atoms. Examples are the cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl and cyclooctyl groups.
Aralkyl groups in the o-position to the hydroxyl group of A contain 7-10, preferably 8-9,
carbon atoms. Examples are the a-metlhyl- and a,a-dimethylbenzyl groups.
The radical A may also be substituted by further alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl groups as
defined above, these preferably being in the o'- or p-position to the hydroxyl group so long
as these positions are not occupied by the bond to Y. In addition, at least one m-position to
the hydroxyl group is advantageously unsubstituted, while the other may be substituted by
3 2(~5~G~
a lower alkyl group, such as the methyl group.
For reasons of ready accessibility and their favourable action as moulding fastness
improvers, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which A is a
radical of the formula (IV)
R
(IV) H ~
in which R and Rl, independently of one another, are hydrogen, methyl or tert-butyl, and
the total number of carbon atoms in R and R, is at least 2.
X and X' in the formulae (II) and (III) may be straight-chain or branched and contain 1 to
8, preferably 1 to 5, carbon atoms. Examples are the methylene, ethylene, trimethylene,
propylene, 2-thiatrimethylene and 2-oxapentamethylene radicals.
Particular preference is given to compounds in which, in the radicals X and X', two hetero
atoms are not bonded to the same saturated, i.e. tetrahedral, carbon atom.
An alkyl group R2 or R3 in the formulae (II) and (III) may be straight-chain or branched
and may contain 1 lo 18, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms. Examples are the methyl, ethyl,
isopropyl, pentyl, octyl, dodecyl and octadecyl groups.
A substituted alkyl group R2 or R3 is, for example, a hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl,aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl group having a total of 2 to 10,
preferably 2 to 5, carbon atoms. Examples are the ~-hydroxyethyl"~-methoxyethyl,~-aminoethyl"~"B'-diethylaminoethyl and ,B-butylaminoethyl groups.
R2 or R3 may alternatively be an aryl group, preferably the phenyl group.
Compounds in which y in the formulae (II) and (III) is zero generally have a significantly
better moulding fastness-improving action than those in which y is one.
- 4- 2~5~
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which Y is a radical of
the formula (V)
~4
(V) -X"-C-N-
in which R4 is hydrogen or Cl-C4alkyl, and X" is Cl-C4alkylene.
Z in the formula (I) is, for example, the radical of an unsubstituted or carboxyl-substituted
lower aLkane having at least two carbon atoms, the radical of a benzene ring which is
unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, Cl-C4alkyl, Cl-C4alkoxy,
Cl-C4aLkoxycarbonylamino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, phenylethyl, styryl, phenyl, phenoxy,
phenylthio, phenylsulfonyl or acylamino, it being possible for the group W to be bonded
directly to this benzene ring or to a monocyclic aryl radical of one of its substituents, or is
the naphthalene or tetralin radical.
A lower alkane radical Z may be straight-chain or branched and contain 2 to 5, preferably
2, carbon atoms. It is thus, for example, the ethylene, propylene, trimethylene or
pentamethylene radical. This radical may also be substituted by carboxyl groups. An
example in this case is the carboxyethylene radical.
A benzene radical Z in lhe formula (I) may also be further substituted. For example, it
may contain straight-chain or branched, Cl-C4alkyl radicals, for example be substituted by
methyl, ethyl or isopropyl groups; the methyl group is preferred here. Cl-C4Alkoxy groups
as substituents of a benzene radical Z are, for example, the methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy
groups. In a benzene radical Z which is substituted by an acylamino group, the acyl radical
is derived, in particular, from a C2-C6aliphatic or monocarbocyclic aromatic carboxylic
acid. Examples are the radicals of acetic, propionic"B-methoxypropionic, benzoic,
aminobenzoic and methylbenzoic acids. Examples of Cl-C4alkoxycarbonylamino groups
as substituents of a benzene radical Z are the methoxy-, ethoxy- and butoxycarbonylamino
radicals.
If the group Z contains, as substituents, phenylethyl, styryl, phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio
or phenylsulfonyl groups, these may be substituted by chlorine, bromine, Cl-C4alkyl
groups, such as the methyl group ,amino groups, Cl-C4alkoxy groups, such as Ihe methoxy
group, acylamino groups, such as the acetyl- or benzoylamino group, or
~s~
- s -
alkoxycarbonylamino groups, such as ~he methoxy- or ethoxycarbonylamino group.
It is also possible for a plurality of identical or different abovementioned substituents of
the benzene radical Z or its aryl group-containing substituents to be present
simultaneously.
A naphthalene radical Z may also be substituted by Cl-C4alkyl or alkoxy groups, such as
the methyl or methoxy group.
The sulfo group W in the formula (I) is preferably free, but may also be in the form of its
aLkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, the ammonium salt or the salts of organic
nitrogen bases whose cation conforms to the formula (VI)
(VI) NR'R"R"'R""
in which R', R", R"', R"" are, independently of one another, hydrogen, a Cl-C4alkyl or
~-hydroxy-Cl-C4alkyl radical or a cyclohexyl radical, it being possible for at least two of
these radicals to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system with one another.
Examples of organic nitrogen bases which are able to form such ammonium salts with the
group W are trimethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine,
ethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, hexamethyleneimine and
morpholinc.
Compounds which have a particularly favourable moulding fastness-improving action are
those of the formula (VII)
(VII) ~ X"- C - N~ Z--W
in which R and Rl, independently of one another, are methyl or tert-butyl, R4 is hydrogen
or Cl-C4alkyl, X" is Cl-C4alkylene, Z is the ethylene radical, a divalent or trivalent radical
~512
- 6 -
of benzene or naphthalene or a divalent radical of diphenyl ether, W is the sulfo group and
n is I or 2.
The group W in these compounds may be free or in the form of its salts as defined above.
Of the compounds of the formula (VII), those in which R = Rl = methyl are particularly
advantageous economically, while those in which R = methyl and Rl = tert-butyl and in
particular those in which R = Rl = tert-butyl have excellent alkali resistance.
The water-soluble compounds of the formula (I) are known, for example from
US-A-3 665 031, and can be prepared by methods which are known per se.
Suitable compounds of the formula (I) which can be used according to the invention are,
for example, compounds of the formula
(VIII) R O R4
in which R, Rl, R4, X, Z, M and n are as defined below (Table 1).
7 205~L~~
Table 1:
pound R R, X R4 Z-SO3M M n
1 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 H -CH2-CH2-SO3M Na 1
2 tertC4Hg tertC4H9 C2H4 H ~ S03M Na 1
3 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 H ~ Na 1
M03S ~03M
4 tertC4Hg ~er~C4Hg C2H4 H ~ Na 1
~ertC4H9 ~ertC4H9 C2H4 H ~ S03M Na 1
6 tertC4Hg ~er~C4Hg C2H4 H ~ Na 1
7 tertC4Hg ter~C4Hg C2H4 H M03S ~= ~ 0 ~3 Na 1
_ tenC4H9 tenCHg CzH4 H ~ ~3 SO3M Ntl
- 8- 205~
Table 1: (continuation)
pound R R, X R4 SO~M M n
9 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 H ~ CH-2 CH~ ~sS
10 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 H Cl~ O ~ Cl Na
11 tertC4Hg terlC4Hg C2H4 CH3 -CH2CH2-SO3M Na
12 2(tertC4Hg) 2(tertC4Hg) 2(C2H4 H ~ Na 2
13 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 HMO3S ~0 ~CI Na
14 tertC4Hg tertC4Hg C2H4 H ~ Na
CH,1 SO3M
15 tenC4Hg Lrr~CH~ CtH4 H o ~ SO3M Na
9 ~05~
Table 1: (continuation)
pound R Rl X R4 Z-SO3M M n
No. _ - SO3M _
16 ter~C4H~tenC4H9C2H4 H ~ H= :H~3 a
17 tertC4Hg tertC4HgC2H4 H ~) Na
SO3M
18 terlC4Hg tenC4HgCH2 H ~_ SO3M Na
19 ter~C4H9 tertC4HgC2H4C2H5 ~ SO3M Na
20 tertC4Hg tertC4HgC2H4 H ~ SO3M Na
21 ternC4Hg CH3 C2H4 H ~ SO3M Na
22 tertC4HgtenC4H9 C2H4 H--CH~3 SO3M Na
- lo- ~O~G~
The compounds of the formula (I) are usually applied from an aqueous bath. The
application can be carried out by an exhaust or continuous process before, during or after
the optical whitening of the fibres. Application together with the optical whitener is
preferred.
In the exhaust process, from 0.01 to 1 %, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 %, of optical
whitener and from 0.01 to 2 %, preferably from 0.05 to O.S %, of the compounds of the
formula (I) can be employed.
In the continuous process, from 0.1 to 5 g/l, preferably from 0.2 to 2 g/l, of optical
whitener and from 0.1 to 10 g/l, preferably from 0.2 to 2 g/l, of the compounds of the
formula (I) can be employed.
Polyamide material is to be understood as meaning synthetic polyamide, for example
nylon 6, nylon 6,6 or nylon 12 and modified polyamide, for example polyamide which can
be dyed by means of basic dyes. In addition to pure polyamide fibres, blends of
polyurethane and polyamide fibres are also particularly suitable, for example tricot
material made from polyamide/polyurethane in the mixing ratio 70:30. In principle, the
pure or mixed polyamide material can be present in a wide variety of processing forms, for
example as fibres, yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric or pile material.
Examples of optical whiteners which are suitable for polyamide-containing materials are
those of the general formulae (X) to (XVI).
Bistriazolylstilbenes of the general formula (X)
(X) )~ N ~ CH--CH~ \NXF~
SO3H SO3H
in which the radicals Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, for example H,
Cl-C6alkyl, phenyl or phenyl which is substituted, for example, by sulfonic acid groups,
and their salts, for example alkali metal salts.
os~
Bistriazinylaminostilbenes of the general formula (XI)
R~ R3
(XI) N ~ \ ~ NH ~ CH= CH ~ NH ~/ N
R2 SO3H SO3H R4
in which the radicals Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are, independcntly of one another, for example
SO3H
-HN ~ -HN ~ , -HN
SO3H SO3H
N ~ O ,-N-(CI-C6hydroxyalkyl)2,-N-(Cl-C6alkyl)(Cl-C6hydroxyalkyl),-NH2,
-N-(CI-C6alkyl)2, C~-C6alkoxy, Cl, -NH-(CI-C6alkylsulfonic acid) or
-NH-(CI-C6hydroxyalkyl), and their salts, for example alkali metal salts.
Distyrylbiphenyls of the general formula (XII)
(XII) ~ CH= CH ~ CH= CH ~ Rz
in which the radicals Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, for example H,
sulfonyl or sulfinate, -SO2N(Cl-C6alkyl)2, -OCH3, -CN, -Cl, -COOCH3 or
-CON(CI-C6alkyl)2, and their salts, for example alkali metal salts.
Bisbenzoxazolyl derivatives of the general formula (XIII)
Z051;~
- 12-
~0 0~
R2 R4
in which the radicals Rl, R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, for example H,
C1-C6alkyl, tert-butyl, ter~-butylphenyl or -COOCl-C6alkyl, and X is, for example
CHe CH ~ CH= CH ~ ,
CH=CH- , ~ , or ~ .
Coumarins of the general formula (XIV)
(XIV) ~0 2
in which Rl is, for example, H, Cl-C6alkyl or Cl-C6carboxylic acid, R2iS, for example, H,
F N - CH3
phenyl, carboxy-Cl-C6alkyl or --N~ J and R3 is, for exarnple,
N
-HN ~ / ~ N N ~ N X
/N ~ CH3
N
- 13- 2(~5~
-O-(Cl-C6alkyl), -N(CI-C6alkyl)2 or -NH-CO-(CI-C6alkyl), and their salts, for example
alkali metal salts.
Pyrazolines of the general formula (XV)
(XV) ~r~
3 4
in which Rl is, for example, H, Cl or amine (including substituted amines), R2 is, for
example, H, Cl, sulfonyl or sulfinate (including the derivatives, for example
sulfonylamide), or carboxy-CI-C6alkyl, R3 and R4 are, independently of one another, for
example H or Cl-C6alkyl, and R5 is, for example, H or Cl, and their salts, for exarnple
alkali metal salts.
Dibenzofuranylbiphenyls of the general formula (XVI)
(XVI) R2 ~ ~ C r ~ ~C ~ '~, R2
in which the radicals Rl, R2 and R3 are, independently of one another, for example H,
halogen, CN, phenoxy, benzyloxy, Cl-C4alkyl, Cl-C4alkoxy or a sulfonic acid radical, and
their salts, for example alkali metal salts.
The abovementioned whiteners are known and their preparation is described in a number
of publications in the literature.
Suitable dyes for the process are all dyes which are suitable for dyeing the
abovementioned textiles, such as azo, anthraquinone, nitro, acridone and naphthoquinone
dyes.
A process for improving the moulding fastness of optically whitened textiles is claimed.
- 14 - 205~
The present invention furthermore relates to a composition for the optical whitening of
polyamide rlbre-containing articles having improved moulding fastness properties. A
composition of this type, which can be applied from a bath, comprises a hindered phenol
of the formula (I), an optical whitener for polyamide ~or a mixture thereof), one or more
dyes in the case of coloured textiles, and, if desired, conventional assistants. Preferred
compositions comprise a hindered phenol of the formula (I), particularly preferably of the
formula (VII), and an optical whitener of the formulae (X)-(XV). The phenol:optical
whitener ratio can be in the range from 100:1 to 1:50, a ratio of from 5:1 to 1:5 being
preferred.
The composition for the optical whitening of polyamide fibre-containing articles having
improved moulding faslness properties is prepared by mixing the components, including
any assistants.
Examples of conventional assistants are dispersants, levelling agents and detergents, such
as fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkyl ethoxylates or alkylphenol ethoxylates, anionic
alkylbenzenesulfonates or linear alkylsulfonates, alone or combined with benzimidazole
derivatives or oxyethylated fatty amines, and sequestrants, such as the sodium salt of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or bleaches, such as sodium dithionite, and combinations
of two or more assistants.
The final shaping (moulding) of the textiles is carried out by customary methods.
The examples below illustrate the invention, but do not represent a limitation. In the
following examples, parts and percentages are by weight, based on the weight of the
textile, unless stated otherwise.
In the examples below, the textile used is a nylon 6 textured tricot. The whitener and the
sterically hindered phenol are applied by the exhaust method, with 3 g/l of stabilised
hydrosulfite (Clarit PS) additionally being added to the treatment bath. The treatment lasts
30 minutes at a temperature of 120~C.
The whiteness is determined by the Ganz method (Ganz, Appl. Optics 18, 1073-1078(1979)) using, a Zeiss RFC 3 spectrometer.
- 15- ~05~
Example 1: The compounds (4), (5), (7), (8) and (10) (see Table 1) are applied in
conccntrations of 0.5 % in each case. The whiteness is from 70 to 80 units.
Example 2: The whitener of the formula
Cl Cl
~ CH= CH{~ CH= CH~
SO3Na - SO3Na
is applied in a concentration of 0.2 %. The whiteness is 270 units. Half of the textile piece
is then subjected to the moulding test: in a "Rhodiaceta Thermotester" (Setaran, Lyon,
France) with 13 heatable metal plates measuring 15x35 mm, the temperature of one of the
central plates is set at 199C. The lower plinth is covered with a wool felt material about
3 mm thick. The textile piece is pressed for 1 minute (pressure about 70 g/cm2) and then
its whiteness is measured again.
After the moulding test, the loss in whiteness is about 70 units.
Example 3: The whitener (concentration 0.2 %) from Example 2 and in each case one of
thc compounds (4), (5), (7), (8), (10), (21) and (22) (see Table 1) (concentration 0.5 %) are
applicd togelher. Each textile piece is subsequently subjected to the moulding test (199C,
1 minute).
The results are shown in Table 2 below.
Example 3a: The whitener (concentration 0.2 %) from Example 2 and the compound (23)
in a concentration of 0.1 % are applied together. Each textile piece is subsequently
subjected to the moulding test (199C, 1 minute).
Whiteness: 27 1
Loss in whiteness during moulding test: -24
- 1 6 -
Table 2:
_ ._
Loss in
No . Compound White- whileness
nesS during
moulding test
__ ._
tertC4Hg SO3H
(4) HO ~ CH2- CH2- C--NH~ 274 -31
tertC4Hg
(5) HO ~ CH2- CH2- C--NH~ SO3H 272 -29
tertC4Hg
tertC4Hg SO3H
(7) HO ~ CH2- CH2- C--NH~ 265 -35
tertC4Hg O
tertC4H9
8) HO ~ CH2- CH2- C - NH~ O ~ SO3H 275 -19
terlC4Hg
~s~
- 17-
Table 2: (continuation)
_ Loss in
No. Compound nWcshstL- dwhnteg ess
moulding test
tertCAHg Cl
(10) H0 ~ CH2--CH2--C--NH~ 262 -32
tertC4Hg 0
S03H
tertC4Hg
(21 ) H0 ~ CH2- CH2- C--NH~ S03H 273 -37
CH2 CH2- C -HN--CH2~ SO~H 272 -31
Similar results are achieved when the following compound is used:
Table 2: (continuation)
_
Loss in
No. Compound White- whiteness
ness during
. _ moulding test
tertC4Hg
(23) H0 ~HN - C ~ S03H 263 -19
tertC4Hg
205~2
- 18-
Example 4: The whiteners of the formulae (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) (see Table 3) in a
concentration of 0.2 % are subjected to the moulding test (199C, I minute). In addition,
in each case a whitener of the formula (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) in a concentration of 0.2 %
and the compound (5) (see Table 1)
tertC4Hg
HO ~ CH2--CH2- C--NH~ SO3Na
ter~C4Hg
in a concentration of 0.5 % are applied together. Each textile piece is subsequently
subjected to the moulding test (199C, 1 minute). The results are shown in Table 3 below.
~s~
- 19-
c~=~
~E ~o ~ ~o ~ ~o ~
o
~ ~: o o o o . o o
:~ ~
C~
~ Z ¢~ ~ O
2(~5
- 20 -
.
-c
~ CC o o . ~ o
; :~5~
- 21 -
Example 5: Two 20 g samples of a nylon 66 yard material are dyed at a liquor to goods
ratio of 1:15 in a dyeing apparatus. The treatment baths contain 2 % of ammonium sulfate,
0.05 % of a nonionic surfactant (for example the product of the reaction of nonylphenol
with 9.5 mol ethylene oxide), 0.3 % of the optical whitener of the formula (XX)
SO3Na SO3Na
(XX) ~ CH= CH~ CH= CH~
0.05 % of the pale violet dye of the formula (XXI)
O NH2
~~ CH2NHCOCH2CI
(XXI) ~ CH3 C(CH3)3
H3C~CH3 rS03H
and 0.75 % of the hindered phenol of the formula (5).
The percentages in each case relate to the weight of the fibre material. The textile is
treated therein for 10 minutes at 40C, then heated to 90C over the course of 20 minutes
and dyed at this temperature for a further 10 minutes. 1 % of 80 % acetic acid is then
added, the bath is cooled to 60C after 10 minutes, and the material is rinsed with cold
water and dried. The textile fabric obtained in this way is dyed a pale violet colour and is
subjected to the moulding test as described in Example 1. The comparison sample used is
a textile fabric dyed by the same method, but with no added hindered phenol. The dye
difference is then determined using D 65/10 light by the method of Cielar 1967/DIN 6174
(Table 4).
~(~5
- 22 -
Table 4:
Colori- with without
metrichindered phenolhindered phenol
quan_ities
dL -().83 -1.38
da -2.05 -3.02
db 1.93 3.79
dc(ab) -2.54 -4.62
dH(ab) -1.22 -1.44
dE(ab) 2.94 5.04
Example 6: The dyeing liquor described in Example 5 contains 0.3 % of an opticalwhitener of the formula (XX), 0.02 % of the dye of the formula (XXI), 0.03 % of the dye
of the formula (XXII)
HO3S ~NH2 H2N ~ SO3H
OH N N OH
(XXII)
N N
H3C CH3
~'OS~3 0S~3
and 0.75 % of the sodium salt of the hindered phenol (9). A very bright pink dyeing is
achieved.
The colour difference is evaluated as described in Example 5 and gives the following
results (Table 5).
- 23 - 2~5~
Table 5:
Colori- with without
metrichindered phenolhindered phenol
quantities
dL 0.34 -0.08
da -2.25 -3.18
db 1.60 2.54
dc(ab) -2.62 -3.91
dH(ab) -0.85 -1.16
dE(ab) 2.79 4.08
