Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
Patent Application No: 2,095,439
SUBSTITUTE SPECIFICATION
CROSS REFERENCE RELATED TO APPLICATION
This application is an international application for U.S.
application Serial No. 07/624,09~, filed 06 Decemher, 1990.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the field of blood coagula- -
tion, which is further related to evaluation of coagulation tests
; e. g. prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and activa-
ted partial thromboplastin time etc, and coagulation factor dis-
orders. However, the blood coagulation mechanism of action of po-
wdered L-Ascorbic acid which was administered topically does not
fall into either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway cascade of blood
coagulation scheme, since it works the same for blood coagulation
in normal situation as in chronic hepatitis, colon cancer, and he-
mophilia patients in whom the coagulation factors 1, 2, 5, 7, 9,
and 10 and platelets in the liver disease and factor 8 or 9 in
the hemophilia A or B are abnormal, or suppressed the syntheses,
and destroyed and deficient ( Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 12th Edition, l991, Pages 181~-1315 ). In other words,
powdered L-Ascorbic acid or L-threo-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone stops
any bleeding and forms hlack blood coagulation on contact, with
the same amount of powdered ~-Ascorbic acid per unit volume of bl-
ood for any normal or diseased blood.
The present methods available to stop bleeding in surgery are
cautery, epinephrine injection, pressure and some fiber foam. The
cautery can cause tissue necrosis in some cases. The epinephrine,
pressure and fiber foam can not work for bleeding tendency pati-
ents, and fiber foam can cause tissue hematoma, nor can they work
for diffuse capillary bleeding and oozing, while powdered ascor-
bic acid does not cause any tissue necrosis and work particularly
well for diffuse capillary bleeding and oozing and any tradition-
ary uncontrollable bleeding tendency patients such as for patients
with liver diseases, hemophilia and rectal anal cancer and for po-
stoperation bleeding tendency of the kinds of aforementioned pa-
tients. The ascorbic acid can facilitate wound healing also ( Ora-
1 Surg 1982 Mar: 53(3): 231-6 ) ky increasing type 1 procollagen
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_~nRNA in the regulation of collagen synthesis ( Atherosclerosis
1982 Jan: 41(1): 15-9 ).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a method for stopping blee-
ding, comprising administering powdered vitamin C thereof to the
wound site caused by pathological changes, trauma or surgery, in
an amount of 0.1568 grams for every milliliter of blood. Powdered
1-threo-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone represents ascorbic acid powder.
This powder has a very potent coagulation action to stop bleeding
when spraying topically on the bleeding area for any normal or
diseased patients. When the powder comes in contact with the blood,
the black tar like material is formed, and later becomes solid.
The amount of the powder that is needed to react completely with
the blood is proportional to the amount of the blood that comes
out of the blood vessels. In rats, one capillary, one venous and
one femoral artery bleeding were stanched within one second, if
sufficient amount of the powder of ascorbic acid were applied.
The artery bleeding needs much more this powder of interest. In
the test tube conditions, it requires 0.1568 grams of powdered ~-
Ascorbic acid or L-threo-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone added to 1 ml of
any normal or diseased human blood to turn the mixture black and,
after 6 minutes, it does not move by shaking or pouring; this is
the same for normal, colon cancer and hemophilia patients; 1 ml of
normal blood needs 0,1568 grams of ascorbic acid powder, 1 ml of
colon cancer needs 0.1568 grams of ascorbic acid powder, and 1 ml
of hemophilia blood needs 0.1568 grams of ascorbic acid powder.
Sufficient powdered L-threo-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone is particula-
rly useful to stop bleeding in the case of diffuse capillary oo-
zing and mistakenly cut off artery or arteries that can not be
found during massive bleeding so as to save the patients's lives
therefor. When vitamin C is absorbed into the system, it is good
for health by making the leucocytes stronger and slowing the aging
process etc, ( Patnaik and Kanungo 1964, Gerontologia, 10, 155 ).
However, at the end of operation before closure, the excessive
black tar gel like material can be wiped away with Ringer's solu-
tion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I CA 0209~439 1998-04-29
"l",,,~
The present invention is grounded on applicant's discovery that
any bleeding, either normal or diseased blood, is stopped on con-
tact, and is formed black blood coagulation, by administration to-
pically of a composition comprising powdered vitamin C to the ble-
eding sites even when contaminated with impurities, and excipients,
in an amount of 0.1568 grams of powdered vitamin C for every mil-
liliter of blood. A composition comprising powdered vitamin C is
made by making vitamin C tablets into powder. A vitamin C tablets,
of course, contains impurities, and excipients other than vitamin
C. While the present method is particularly directed at treatment
of bleeding in humans it finds the same application for veterinary
use. As the liver is the site of syntheses of all coagulation fac-
tors except 8, prior to the present invention, nothing has, to the
best of my knowledge, been made to stop bleeding on contact, for
the massive bleeding tendency patients afflicated with liver dise-
ases, cancer or hemophilia. The treatment for hepatic coagulopathy
and hemophilia is the replacement therapy for transfusion of fresh
frozen plasma and factor 8 or 9 concentrates respectively, Lawrence
M. Tierney, Jr., et al, Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment,
199~ rd Annual Revision, A58-~59, but that will not bleeding on
time in a wound caused by trauma or surgery; some patients bled to
death simply because of e~traction of teeth or tonsilectomy. As so-
on as a composition comprising powdered vitamin C contacts with bl-
ood, even in massive bleeding when an artery of a rat is cut off,
the blach gel film like structure forms on the surface of the pond
of blood, that stops the fluid of blood moving. If stirring the bl-
ood to break through the surface film like structure that keeps fl-
uid from moving when the powder is insufficient, it will bleed aga-
in, but much slower than before pouring into the bleeding area;
adding sufficient powder into the blood, stirring makes the powder
molecules well saturated with the hemoglobin and plasma protein mo-
cules and thus forming the concentrated black sticky gel like stru-
cture.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples,
none of which are to be construed as limiting the invention in any
respect. The following example reports the results of an animal
study and a clinical evidence of a composition or the present inve-
ntion in the treatment of bleeding.
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ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS EXAMPLE 1
Sufficient composition comprising powdered vitamin C stops massive
bleeding of femoral artery on contact when femoral artery of a rat
is cut off. In this case of artery bleeding, it is administered
topically by pouring instead of spraying. Although the amount of
the powder needed varies with rats, 0.1344 grams is usually suff-
icient to stop bleeding within one second for the femoral artery
of a rat. The black tar like material is formed in one second as
soon as the powder contacts with the blood. When sufficient amount
of powdered vitamin C is present, stirring make more blood molecu-
les interact with ascorbic acid molecules so as to form more con-
centrated and sticky black gel like coagulation. After 5-6 minutes,
when most of the sticky tar like structure is wiped away, it appe-
ars there is no bleeding at all.
EXAMPLE 2
In the case of capillary bleeding in which one capillary is cut off,
about 0.0112 grams of this powder stops the bleeding on contact.
After 1 minute count from adding the powder, it appears there is
no more bleeding at all in a rat.
EXAMPLE 3
While in the case of one vein cut off in a rat, it needs about 0.
0224 grams of the powder to stop bleeding on contact, ~bout 1 1/2
minutes after the black coagulation is wiped away, it appears the-
re is no more bleeding.
EXAMPLE 4
The nostril of a rat is cut slightly to bleed, the bleeding stops
on contact when applying 0.00~7 grams of this powder to the blee-
ding nostril.
EXAMPLE 5
After injection of histamin into the rat, it induces secretion of
gastric acid, applying the powder topically to the bleeding area,
the black coagulation formed, but slower than normal, since the
secretion dilutes the black coagulation. Thus this powder can tre-
at the gastric ulcer bleeding when ingested orally.
CLINICAL EVIDENCE EX~MPLE 6
~'
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Scalp Tumor Excision
Age 32, male, scalp tumor excision, massive bleeding when the tu-
mor is excised. Sufficient spraying this powder to the bleeding
area, the bleeding stops on contact, after the coagulation is wa-
shed away, it is closed by suture.
EXAMPLE 7
A-V Fistula Plasty
Ase 40, female, acute renal failure, A-V fistula formation opera-
tion, massive bleeding. The operation of stopping bleeding consi-
sts of combing the powder with pressing with gauzes. When admini-
stering this powder to the bleeding area, those that look black in
color indicate the black coagulation, while those that are white
are the powder that does not get mixed up with the blood yet. At
the end of the operation, most of black blood coagulation is wi-
ped out with 4x4 gauze, and rinsed with Ringer's solution. It tak-
es totally 5 minutes to stop bleeding completely, as the surgeon
kept wiping away the coagulation. The patient's conditions are
particularly well, better than without using this powder.
EXAMPLE 8
Skin Contracture Excision
Age 40, male, skin contracture on the palm, which needs to be re-
moved, and it requires skin graft. When the skin graft is removed
from the hand, massive bleeding occurs. On applying sufficient pow-
der to the bleeding area topically, it appears black coagulation
on contact. Bleeding stops at the same time as the black coagula-
tion forms. Those that appears white indicate the powder not yet
get mixed up with the blood. Those that appears more black area
indicate the more powder mixed up with the blood. Suture going on.
EXAMPLE 9
Paraanal Abscess Excision
Age 70, female, paraanal excision, bleeding when it is opened up.
When spraying the powder to the bleeding area, it stops bleeding
by forming black blood coagulation on contact. Those that appears
white are the powder that are not mixed up with the blood. Suture
going on.
EXAMPLE 10
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.
Paraanal Abscess Excision
Age 50, male, paraanal abscess excision, massive bleeding when it
is opened. On spraying the powder topically to the bleeding area,
the black color is formed on contact because of the blood coagula-
tion. The white color is the powder instantly not mixed up with
the blood yet. Lastly, insert the long gauze into the anus.
EXAMPLE 11
Extraction of Teeth
Age 30, male, extraction of teeth, gum injected bleeds. Administ-
ering this powder topically to the bleeding area, the bleeding sto-
ps on contact and black blood coagulation forms at the same time.
Wipe out the black coagulation in 10 seconds, stopped bleeding
still persisted.
EXAMPLE 12
Extraction of Teeth for Chronic Hepatitis
Age 60, female, chronic hepatitis, has bleeding tendency, extrac-
tion of teeth causes massive bleeding. Upon applying this powder to
the socket of the gum, the black coagulation forms on contact, and
the bleeding in the socket stops on contact accordingly.
EXAMPLE 13
Finger Scratched
Myself, finger little scratched, slightly bleeds. Upon contact with
the powder, the black color forms on contact.
EXAMPLE 14
Normal, Liver Disease, Colon Cancer and Hemophilia Blood
When tested in the tube, 1 milliliter of human blood requires 0.15
68 grams of powdered vitamin C to form black blood coagulation by
shaking the tube with hand or stirrer machine. It takes 6 minutes
to cause the black blood coagulation unmobile in the test tube for
normal, liver diseases, colon cancer and hemophilia blood respec-
tively. These experiments have evidenced that the mechanism of
action of powdered vitamin C in the formation of black blood coa-
gulation does not involve the coagulation factors.
~F
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