Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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A method and an apparatus for identifying foreign bodies
in packaged beverages, as well as use of the apparatus
The present invention conc~rns a method of identifying
foreign bodies in packaged beverages, where the package
and the beverage are translucent, and the foreign bodies
have a density greater than that of the beverage. The in-
vention moreover ~onc~rns devices for performing the
method and uses of said devices.
Methods of this type are known. In the performance of
these known methods, the foreign bodies are identified
~?nll~lly in that an operator m~n~7~lly turns the package,
while observing whether foreign bodies move in the bever-
age. These known methods are not useful for identifica-
tion of small foreign bodies, such as glass splinters,
since they are frequently very difficult to observe. Fur-
ther, it is not possible to identify foreign bodies with
certainty in dark beverages owing to poor translucency.
Finally, it has been found in practice that a large batch
of beverages has to be rejected each time foreign bodies
are observed in these. The reason is that the ~n~
identification is performed only once an hour, and that
it is desired not to place doubtful beverages with impu-
2~ rities on the market. Thus, the method is very expensivein the event that foreign bodies are observed in the bev-
erages.
FR 2 607 589 discloses a method and a system for auto-
matic identification of foreign bodies in glass bottles,
in particular champagne bottles. The foreign bodies are
detected using a spot sc~nn~r, while the bottle is turned
about a vertical and a horizontal axis. However, this
method does not enable the foreign bodies to be distin-
guished from carbonic acid and air bubbles, for which
reason the method has been found to be unuseful in prac-
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.
tice. Furthermore, the method cannot be applied to dark
liquids at all.
Further, US 5 072 108 discloses a method wherein the bot-
tle to be inspected is rotated rapidly and is photo-
graphed durig the rotation. Scratches in the surface of
the bottle will hereby be imaged as horizontal lines,
while the foreign bodies in the non-rotating liquid can
easily be identified. However, this method cannot be used
for dark liquids either. It may likewise be a problem to
detect foreign bodies at the domed bottom of the bottle.
The object of the invention is to provide a method of the
type mentioned in the opening paragraph, wherein reliable
identification of foreign bodies, in particular glass
splinters, can be performed in both dark and light bever-
ages. The method must be capable of identifying foreign
bodies in both disposable packages and recyclable pack-
ages in which scratches, flaws, etc. frequently occur.
Another object of the invention is to provide an appara-
tus for performing the method and to define uses of the
apparatus.
The method of the invention is characterized in that the
package is oriented in a first position in which the for-
eign bodies are collected on an internal, upwardly di-
rected face in the package, and the package is then
turned to at least one subsequent inclined position which
has an ;nCl ;n~tion sufficient for the foreign bodies to
perform a downward mo~ ~nt along said face, during which
at least one of these is identified by comparison of at
least two successive position-determining detections. As
a result, the method provides certain identification of
foreign bodies having a density greater than that of the
beverage in all types of translucent beverages.
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To identify foreign bodies, e.g. glass splinters, in
packaged beverages, the package is first oriented in a
position in which the foreign bodies are collected on an
internal, upwardly directed face in the package. The
package is then turned to at least one subsequent in-
clined position, so that the foreign bodies perform a
downward movement along the face. Simultaneously with or
i~e~;ately after the turning, at least two position-
determ; n; ng detections of the packaged beverage are per-
formed, during which any present foreign body which movesdownwards is identified by comparison of the two detec-
tions.
Further, all other foreign bodies having a density lower
than that of the beverage, such as carbonic acid bubbles
and other ingredients in the beverage, will move upwards
with certainty, i.e. in a direction opposite to that of
the foreign bodies which are to be detected, and even in
liquid layers above these foreign bodies so that the
movement of these other foreign bodies do not interfere
with either the movement or the detection of the foreign
bodies whose presence in the liquid is to be revealed.
Moreover, the foreign bodies to be revealed are collected
and move within a well-defined region, viz. on the inner
side of the upwardly directed face, so that they are
gathered and easy to detect.
Expedient embodiments of the invention are defined in
claims 2-12.
According to claim 2, the size of the foreign bodies is
detected, thereby providing a more reliable detection and
identification of any present foreign body. Further, it
is possible to put a limit to the size of foreign bodies
~ =
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that are accepted in the comparison with predeterm;~A
values.
According to claim 3, the detections are performed in the
same direction toward the package face. This obviates the
necessity of taking the orientation of the package into
consideration in the subsequent comparison of the detec-
tions.
In another expedient embodiment, the detections are per-
formed in a direction substantially at right angles to
the package face. This ensures good imaging of the for-
eign bodies which move along the inner side of the pack-
age.
The invention moreover comprises an apparatus for identi-
fying foreign bodies in packaged beverages and having the
characteristic constructive features defined in claim 5.
As a result, the apparatus can automatically perform
identification of foreign bodies.
In a particularly expedient embodiment of the apparatus,
the apparatus comprises a package holder which is fixed
with respect to the detecting means with a view to sta-
tionary identification, e.g. with respect to a passingtransport column of packages from which a package is pe-
riodically taken out for control. This ensures that impu-
rities, flaws, scratches, etc. in the package are not
identified as foreign bodies, since flaws, etc. will not
be registered as moving bodies in the subsequent compari-
son of the detection. This is a great advantage in the
identification of foreign bodies in recycled bottles
which almost always contain scratches, etc.
In another expedient embodiment of the apparatus, the ap-
paratus comprises support means which are adapted to sup-
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port the packages during their transport, e.g. in a bot-
tle column, with a view to continuous identification. It
will hereby be possible to perform identification of for-
eign bodies without removing the package from the bottle
column. It will hereby be possible to check many bottles
automatically within a short period of time.
The detecting means may advantageously be formed by one
or more CCD cameras, since this enables automatic com-
parison of the detections via a computer. Furthermore,the CCD camera has a broad wavelength range, which makes
it possible to register e.g. red and infrared light.
According to claim 12, a light source is provided behind
the package in alignment with the packaged beverage and
each sensor. This ensures good imaging of any foreign
bodies.
In a particularly expedient embodiment of the invention,
the light source emits light having a wavelength of be-
tween 600 and 9OO nm. It is hereby possible to identify
foreign bodies in even dark beverages.
The invention also comprises a use of said apparatus for
identification of foreign bodies in beverages which are
packaged in glass bottles. It is hereby possible to iden-
tify foreign bodies in e.g. beer, soft drink, wine and
medicine glass bottles.
The invention also comprises a use of said apparatus for
identification of foreign bodies in beverages which are
packaged in plastics bottles. It is hereby possible to
identify foreign bodies in e.g. beer, soft drink, wine
and medicine plastics bottles.
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The invention will be explained more fully below with
reference to the drawing, in which
fig. 1 schematically shows a bottle arranged in a first
position,
fig. 2 shows the same arranged in a second position, in
which the glass splinters move downward and air bubbles
move upwards,
fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for performing
the method in connection with spot tests,
fig. 4 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of
an apparatus for performing the method, and
fig. 5 shows a bottle in four different positions accord-
ing to an embodiment of the method.
Fig. 1 shows a section in a beer bottle 1 which is ar-
ranged in a first substantially horizontal position, in
which air and carbonic acid bubbles 2 as well as other
foreign bodies having a density smaller than that of the
beverage are collected in the liquid at the internal,
downwardly directed face 3 of the bottle, and in which
foreign bodies 4 in the form of glass splinters are col-
lected along the internal, upwardly directed face 5 of
the bottle.
The bottle 1 is then turned to at least one subsequent
;n~.l ;n~.A position, one of which being shown in fig. 2.
The shown inclined position has an inclination sufficient
for the foreign bodies 4 to perform a downward movement
along the internal, upwardly directed face 5 of the bot-
tle, as shown by the arrow A. Air and carbonic acid bub-
bles 2 move upwards in the liquid and then along the in-
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ternal, downwardly directed face 3 of the bottle in the
opposite upward direction, as shown by the arrow B.
Then a plurality of position- and size-determ; n; ng detec-
tions are performed at the internal, upwardly directedface 5 of the bottle. The detections may advantageously
be performed in an area around the constriction 6 of the
bottle, but might also be performed at e.g. the mouth 7
or bottom 8 of the bottle, as shown in fig. 5. This fig-
ure moveover shows that the bottle may be turned 180~ inthe turning movement. This may be particularly advanta-
geous, if the bottle contains a liquid which tends to
form very dense foam. Such a case involves the risk that
any foreign bodies 4, if any, may be caught in the foam
and therefore are not present on the upwardly directed
face 5 in the bottle in the starting position. When the
bottle l is turned 180~,foreign bodies, if any, will drop
down into the liquid and settle on the upwardly directed
face 5, in this case at the opening 7 of the bottle. The
turning movement may then be cont;nll~A until the detect-
ing position is reached.
Then at least two successive position- and size-
detel ; n; ng detections are compared, and at least one of
the foreign bodies 4 is identified.
Detections are performed in a particularly advantageous
embodiment of the invention in a direction substantially
at right angles to the package face, so that the compari-
son of the detections only reveals differences that arecaused by foreign bodies 4 and thus not impurities,
flaws, etc. in the package itself.
The invention also concerns an apparatus for performing
the method. The apparatus comprises orienting means for
orienting the package in a first position in which the
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foreign bodies are collected on an internal, upwardly di-
rected face in the package, and then orienting the pack-
age in at least one subsequent inclined position which
has an inclination sufficient for the foreign bodies 4 to
perform a downward movement along said face. The appara-
tus moreover comprises detecting means which are adapted
to perform position-determ; n; ng detections of the foreign
bodies 4 as well as means for identifying the foreign
bodies 4 by comparison of at least two successive posi-
10 tion-determ; n; ng detections.
Fig. 3 shows an apparatus for identifying foreign bodies
4 in connection with spot tests of beer and soft drink
bottles in a bottle column.
A robot arm 11 is arranged at the side of the apparatus
10, said robot arm 11 being adapted to take out bottles
12 from a bottle column 13 and to place them in the appa-
ratus lO, and vice versa. This handling of bottles might
also take place manually.
The apparatus 10 comprises orienting means 14 which are
suspended from a structure 15 which stands on the floor
in the ;m~~~;ate vicinity of the bottle column 13. The
orienting means 14 comprise a motor (not shown) from
which a frame 16 having a substantially centrally located
bottle holder 17 is suspended.
In succession, the frame 16 moreover accommodates a light
source 18, a diffuser 19, a lens having an optical filter
20 and a detecting means 21. All these elements will thus
rotate and be mutually fixed, as shown by the arrows C
and D, when the motor is activated.
The light source 18, which is arranged at one end of the
frame, emits light having a wavelength of about 600-900
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nm, thereby making it possible to identify foreign bodies
4 in dark beverages.
~,
A diffuser 19 is arranged in front of the light source 18
and diffuses light from the light source 18, thereby pro-
viding even illumination from the light source 18.
In the shown embodiment, the detecting means is formed by
a CCD camera 21 in front of which the lens having the op-
tical filter 20 is positioned. The CCD camera 21 focuseson an area around the constriction 6 of the bottle having
an extent of about 3 x 3 cm and a depth of about 0-5 mm
from the internal, upwardly directed face 5 of the bot-
tle. The detections might also be performed at another
location along the face of the bottle, provided that the
foreign bodies 4 can perform a downward movement upon
turning. The CCD camera 21 and the lens having the opti-
cal filter 20 might advantageously also be built to-
gether.
The CCD camera 21 is connected to a computer (not shown)
which performs a comparison of the detections and then
identifies any present foreign bodies 4. When identifying
foreign bodies 4, the computer provides a signal to this
effect so that the necessary actions can be performed.
The computer may advantageously be coupled to a monitor,
and in another embodiment the comparison might take place
m~n~ y via the monitor.
In the use of the apparatus 10, the robot arm 11 takes
out a bottle 12 from a bottle column 13 and places the
bottle 12 in the bottle holder 17 which holds the bottle
12.
Then the motor performs a first rotation of the frame 16
and the parts att~h~ to it (light source 18, diffuser
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19, bottle holder 17, bottle 12, lens with optical filter
20 and CCD camera 21), so that the bottle 12 is placed in
a substantially horizontal position. If the bottle holder
17 is horizontal in the starting position, it is not nec-
essary to rotate the frame 16, of course. The frame 16 ismaintA;n~, in this position for about 1-10 sec., so that
any present foreign bodies 4 are collected along the in-
ternal, upwardly directed face 5 of the bottle, as essen-
tially shown in schematic form in fig. 1.
Then the second rotation is initiated, during which the
motor rotates the frame 16 and the parts 18, 19, 17, 12,
20, 21 attA~h~ to it, with the simultaneous perform~nce
of a plurality of position- and size-determining detec-
tions, e.g. at the constriction 6 of the bottle, as es-
sentially shown in schematic form in fig. 2. The detec-
tions are compared in the computer which applies a signal
when identifying foreign bodies 4. It is noted that the
rotation may be stepwise, if desired, and that the angle
of the rotation depends on the bottle type, the size of
the foreign bodies, etc.
When the identification has been completed, the robot arm
11 takes out the bottle 12 from the bottle holder 17, and
a new identification sequence may be initiated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic end view of a plastics bottle 30
which performs a turning movement in another embodiment
of an apparatus 31 for identification of foreign bodies 4
in beverages. The apparatus 31 is adapted to be used in
~onn~rtion with continuous identification of foreign bod-
ies in a bottle column during the transport of the bottle
30 in the bottle column. It is noted that the apparatus
31 may also be used for other types of packages than
plastics bottles. The distinctions from the above appara-
tus 10 are described below.
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11
The orienting means of the apparatus 31 comprise support
means 32 which are arranged along the sides of the bottle
30, and which are adapted to support the bottle 30 in
several pQ~itions aloRg 2 bottle coll~ . It is shown in
fig. 4 from the end how the bottle 30 in a bo~tle column
will turn, as the support means 32 move the bottle 30 to
this position in the column, while the bottle 30 is being
fed by f~;ng means (not shown).
In an advantageous embodiment of the apparatus, the de-
tecting means comprise a CCD camera 33 which follows the
bottle 30 in the bottle column, as shown in fig. 4. It is
thus ensured that the detections are performed in the
same direction toward the bottle face, and in a particu-
larly advantageous embodiment they are performed at rightangles to the bottle face.
In another advantageous embodiment of the invention (not
shown), the detecting means comprise several CCD cameras
which are arranged stationarily along the bottle column.
The CCD cameras are thus fixed, but the detections are
performed in the same direction toward the bottle face.
In the use of the apparatus shown in fig. 4, the bottles
are turned automatically, as the support means 32, which
are arranged all the way along the bottle column, move
the bottle 30 up to the necessary positions. Simultane-
ously, a plurality of detections are performed with one
or more cameras, and these are compared and any foreign
bodies are identified in the same m~nn~r as described
above.
As shown in figs. 3 and 4, the apparatus may be used in
particular for identification of glass and plastics
splinters in glass and plastics bottles (including PET
bottles) in co~n~ction with the bottling of beer and soft
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12
drinks. The apparatus may also be employed for identifi-
cation of other foreign bodies in e.g. medicine bottles,
vials, jars, glass, wine bottles, etc., provided the
package and the beverage are translucent and the foreign
bodies have a density greater than that of the beverage.
In an embodiment of the apparatus of the invention (not
shown), the detecting means are secured to the robot arm,
and the robot arm is adapted to perform orientation of
the package. The orienting means are thus formed by the
robot arm, and it will not be necessary to place the
package in an independent apparatus.
Many modifications can be made within the scope of the
invention without departing from the idea of the inven-
tion.
Infrared light having a wavelength of about 600-900 nm is
used in the embodiment shown, but this is not any re-
striction since other wavelengths may be used, providedthey are within the detecting range of the detecting
means. For CCD cameras, the sensitive wavelength range is
thus about 300-1000 nm, so that all types of light having
this wavelength can be used.
