Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
CA 02350720 2007-02-28
SEAL CARTRIDGE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for providing a static and a dynamic
seal
between a rotatable shaft and a housing. In particular, the present invention
relates to a seal
cartridge which includes a labyrinth portion and a contact portion, while
providing protection to
the rotating shaft from contact by the contact portion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Prior art devices for sealing a rotating shaft are disclosed in U.S. Patent
No. 4,022,479
(Orlowski). Seal devices of this type may be used to inhibit oil from escaping
out of a bearing
housing and/or to inhibit contaminants from working their way into the
housing. The prior art
devices are formed of at least two ring-shaped members that rotate with
respect to each other
when the shaft is rotated. One of the members is fixed to the housing and does
not rotate. The
other member rotates with the rotating shaft.
The two ring members should be located very close together, particularly when
the seal
device is used to isolate the bearing from small particulate contaminants.
Even small quantities
of such contaminants are capable of significantly deteriorating the bearing.
To prevent such
contamination, the two relatively rotatable ring members must be held together
very closely,
with only a very narrow space therebetween.
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The ring members of the Orlowski seal device are connected together
by a separate securing means, not shown in the prior art patent. The ring
members themselves have no means for establishing and maintaining a narrow
spacing therebetween. Therefore, the prior art seal device cannot be
manufactured as a unit with a preset, fixed spacing. The spacing between the
ring
members has to be set when the seal device is installed into the housing. This
leaves room for human error outside the control of the device manufacturer. In
particular, the Orlowslu device can be improperly installed, with the ring
members
located too far apart to perform satisfactorily. Another problem with the
Orlowski
device is that the ring members may be separated subsequent to installation,
for
example by high pressure cleaning spray.
Prior art devices showing labyrinth and/or contact seals are disclosed in
U.S. Patents Nos. 5,259,628 (Nisle ), 5,028,054 (Peach), and 4,379,600
(1yluller). The device referred to in Mufler is a dust seal between an inner
race and
an outer race. The dust seal is accomplished either through a labyrinth
arrangement of L-shaped rings or through a contact seal. The device of Mulle
provides no mechanism for sealing, either dynamically or statically, fluid
from
exiting the device.
The device disclosed by Nislev is a seal assembly with a rotor, a housing,
a V-ring and a metal ring. The housing and the rotor have alternating teeth
and
grooves which intermesh to form a labyrinth seal. The metal ring fits within
an
angular groove in the housing. The V-ring is positioned on the rotor and makes
contact with the metal ring on the air side of the device. The device as
disclosed
by Nisky is, thus, formed of four separate machined pieces, and is relatively
expensive to manufacture. Such a seal device, since it has four separate parts
which
must be fit together, will have correspondingly greater leakage points than a
seal
device with fewer parts. Further, the V-ring is positioned to make contact
with a
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metal ring, which may wear the V-ring, leading to an opening between the
housing and the rotor through which contaminants and fluid may travel.
The device referred to in Pu}1 has, like Nisley, numerous separately
machined or formed parts, thus increasing the device's complexity and
possibility
of leakage. '
U.S. Patent No. 5,522,601 (Muroh.y) refers to a locking labyrinth
sealing assembly where a flange on a rotor wraps around and interlocks with a
flange on a stator. The Murph device, however, fails to disclose or suggest a
contact portion on the oil side and a wholly non-contact portion of the seal
on the
air side, nor does it show the stator contacting the rotor on the oil side.
Furthermore, the Murph~c device does not include a cartridge device acting as
a
rotor.
U.S. Patents Nos. 4,981,303 (Matsushima et al.) and 4,596,394
(Schmiti) refer to sealing devices having contact portions on both the oil
side and
the air side.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The disadvantages of the prior art are alleviated to a great extent by the
present invention which provides a seal cartridge including an interlocked two-
piece non-contact labyrinth seal portion, with a rotor and stator, as well as
a
contact lip seal portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seal cartridge includes
a rotor, having a contact surface, and a stator, having a flange, whereby the
stator
and the rotor together form a labyrinth portion and a contact portion, the
flange
being biased toward the contact surface to create the contact portion.
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In one aspect of the invention, the labyrinth portion includes a
deformable flange of the rotor which is positioned within an annular notch of
the
stator.
In another aspect of the invention, the contact portion includes a flange
of the stator which is biased toward a surface of the rotor. The flange may be
used
to prevent oil from leaking up from the housing into the interior of the seal.
In a further aspect of the invention, the stator includes a cover having a
shoulder, which may be used to locate and seat the stator against the housing.
In another aspect of the invention, the stator includes a cover having a
sloped surface. The sloped surface allows water and/or other contaminants to
come out of the seal in applications where the seal is positioned within the
housing
because there is insufficient room to seat the seal on the housing.
An object of the invention is to provide an interlocked two-piece seal
having a labyrinth seal portion and a separate, contact portion for both
static and
dynamic sealing. Forming the seal of only two pieces is advantageous. A two-
piece seal may have fewer leakage paths than a seal having a greater number of
pieces. Moreover, a two-piece seal may be more economical to manufacture and
more reliable.
Another object of the invention is to provide a contact portion which
provides a static seal during flooded conditions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a seal device that
can be easily installed on a shaft without the need to repair or specially
finish a
worn or damaged shaft.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTIO N OFTHFDRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a seal device constructed in
accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional side view of the seal device of FIG. 1,
taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, showing the seal device employed within a
sealed
system.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional side view of a seal device constructed in
accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional side view of a seal device constructed in
accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional side view of a seal device constructed in
accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional side view of a seal device constructed in
accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PRFFERRED EMBODIMFNTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, a seal cartridge 10 is shown having a
rotor 12 affixed to a rotatable shaft 30 via an 0-ring 13. The seal 10 has a
labyrinth portion and a contact portion. As discussed in more detail below,
the
labyrinth portion has an obstructed or mazelike passageway and provides
dynamic
and static sealing. The contact portion has a static component that is biased
into a
contact sealing relationship with the rotating shaft 30.
The rotor 12 includes a connecting flange 14, which is deformable, and
an outwardly directed groove 15. In a preferred method of assembly, the flange
14 is machined into its finished shape prior to interlocking the rotor 12 with
a
stator 40. Alternatively, prior to assembly the flange 14 may be in an
undeformed
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state extending in a direction parallel to the shaft 30, and is deformed after
interlocking the rotor 12 with the stator 40. The rotor 12 further includes a
shoulder 16, a second radially outwardly directed groove 17, a second shoulder
19
upon which is a radially outwardly directed surface 18, and an inwardly
directed
face 20.
In the illustrated embodiment, a stator 40 is interlocked with the rotor
12. The stator 40 is affixed to a stationary housing 60 by an 0-ring 42. The
stator 40 has an inwardly directed shoulder face 44 for locating the stator 40
with
respect to the housing 60. The shoulder face 44 may be omitted in an
alternative
embodiment of the invention (described in more detail below). The stator 40
also
has a ring-shaped cover 46 (FIG. 2) extending axially outwardly from the
shoulder
face 44. The cover 46 has a radial slot-shaped opening 70. The opening 70 is
used to direct contaminants out of the seal cartridge 10.
The stator 40 further includes an annular notch 50 and an annular ridge
51, as well as an annular groove 52 and a second annular ridge 53. The second
annular ridge 53 has an outwardly directed end face 54 and an oil-side facing
surface 55. The stator 40 has a flange 56 resiliently bent downwardly toward
the
oil side 62 of the housing 60. The flange 56 has a contacting surface 57 which
contacts the surface 18 of the rotor 12.
The stator 40 also has a radially extending ring 58. The ring 58 has an
end face 59 facing the oil side 62 and includes an axially directed opening
72. The
ring 58 acts to deflect oil pulses from bearings or internal gears. The
opening 72
provides an opening into the seal 10 from the oil side 62 of the housing 60.
A labyrinth sealing portion A is formed by the flange 14, the shoulders
16, 19 and the outwardly directed grooves 15, 17, all of the rotor 12. In
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addition, the sealing portion A employs the notch 50, the annular ridges 51,
53,
the annular groove 52 and the axially inwardly facing surface 55. When
assembled, the elements of the sealing portion A do not contact each other.
Instead, they create a labyrinthine pathway, i.e., an obstructed, mazelike,
non-
contact pathway between the rotor 12 and the stator 40 on the air side of the
cartridge 10.
A contact sealing portion B includes the radially outwardly directed
surface 18 of the rotor 12 and the flange 56, and its contact surface 57, of
the
stator 40. When assembled, the flange 56 is biased toward and contacts the
rotor
surface 18. Through such an arrangement, any oil splashing up from the oil
side
62 of the housing 60 up through the opening 72 is prevented from migrating
through and out of the seal 10.
During assembly, the rotor 12 is affixed to the shaft 30, and then the
stator 40 is interlocked with the rotor 12. The stator 40 is assembled with
the
rotor 12 by thermally contracting or expanding one of the pieces, such as, for
example, expanding the stator 40 to allow the annular ridge 51 to move axially
from the oil side 62 of the housing 60 past the shoulder 16 of the rotor 12.
It is,
however, to be understood that any other method of assembly may be utilized,
such as, for example, mechanically expanding the stator 40 by pushing it over
the
rotor 12, or by a combination of physical and thermal methods, or by any other
suitable method.
In operation, the rotor 12 rotates with the shaft 30. The flange 56
prevents oil from traveling from the oil side 62 of the housing 60 beyond the
flange 56, due to contact between the flange 56 and the rotor surface 18.
Since
the contact is on the rotor 12, and not on the shaft 30, there should be no
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unacceptable damage to the shaft 30, and upon replacement of the seal
cartridge
10, the shaft 30 should not have to be repaired.
Furthermore, since the stator flange 56 contacts the rotor 12, it is not
necessary to speciaily finish a worn or damaged shaft 30 to obtain a
sufficient seal,
since the flange 56 will not encounter any defects or inconsistencies in the
shaft
30. In addition, the combination of the axially directed opening 72, the
flange 56
and the labyrinth portion A act to prevent leakage of oil from the seal 10.
The
flange 56, if properly biased toward and contacting the rotor 12, should
properly
seal against any leakage of oil from the oil side 62 of the housing 60.
Nonetheless,
the flange 56 may wear, allowing some leakage of oil from the oil side 62 to
occur.
In such a circumstance, the ring 58 acts as a secondary sealing system. Any
oil
which leaks into the seal is guided back to the oil side 62 through the
opening 72.
Further, the labyrinth portion A hinders and reduces any oil leakage past the
flange 56. Finally, the axially directed opening 72 is optional, and is best
used in
applications of the seal 10 in which oil leakage is more critical.
There are applications in which there is a greater likelihood of water
infiltration than oil leakage. Such applications include where a seal may be
submersed in water or where the shaft is vertically oriented and the oil side
62 is
vertically beneath the seal. In such an application, gravity assists in
preventing oil
leakage from the seal, but the likelihood of water entering the seal is
increased. In
such applications, a different arrangement of the contacting portion of the
seal
may be necessary.
A second preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 3. Specifically, a
two-piece, interlocked hybrid seal cartridge 100 is shown having the rotor 12
and
a stator 140. The stator 140 is like the stator 40, except that it has a
flange 156,
which is directed in an axially opposite direction from the flange 56 of seal
10.
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The flange 156 is preformed. The change in direction of the flange 156
accommodates the need to prevent water from infiltrating to the oil side 62 of
the
housing 60. A cone may be placed over the flange 156 to protect it during
installation.
A third preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4. A two-piece,
interlocked seal cartridge 200 is shown having the rotor 12 and a stator 240.
The
stator 240 is similar to the stator 40 of seal 10 except that it lacks a
shoulder 44.
The stator 240 also differs from the stator 40 in that it lacks the axially
directed
opening 72. The seal 200 may be positioned deeper within a housing 160, and is
appropriate for arrangements where there is sufficient room within the housing
160 for the seal cartridge 200 but limited room outside the housing 160. The
seal
cartridge 200 includes a cover 146 having a sloped surface 147 for ease of
installation and removal and to provide a pathway for contaminants to exit
back
into the atmosphere when the seal is installed fully within the housing.
There are applications in which the rotating shaft 30 has an increased
run out, or in other words, there is a shaft whip. In such circumstances,
seals may
be less able to properly seal against leakage because the shaft run out may
create
intermittent leakage between the shaft and the seal due to the lessened
ability of
the contact portion of the seal to remain sufficiently biased. Thus, in such
applications, the addition of a spring element to the contact portion will
provide a
more constant loading toward the rotating shaft 30 and will also adjust for
variations caused by changes in temperature.
A fourth preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 5. A two-piece,
interlocked seal cartridge 300 is shown having the rotor 12 and a stator 340.
The
stator 340 is similar to the stator 240 in that it is utilized with a housing
160 and
meant for deeper positioning therein. One difference between the stator 340
and
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the stator 240 is in the biasing means utilized for the contacting portion 256
of
the seal 300. A flange 256 is biased toward the contact surface 18 of the
rotor 12
by a spring 257. The spring 257, which is a finger spring, is positioned
between
the flange 256 and a cut-out 241 of the stator 340.
A fifth preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 6. Specifically, a
two-piece, interlocked seal cartridge 400 is shown having the rotor 12 and a
stator
440. The stator 440 is similar to the stators 240, 340 in that it is utilized
with the
housing 160 and meant for deeper positioning therein. One difference between
the stator 440 and the stators 240, 340 is in the biasing means utilized for
the
contacting portion 356 of the seal 400. The stator 440 uses a garter spring
357 to
bias the flange 356 toward the contact surface 18 of the rotor 12. In
applications
in which oil includes numerous contaminants, the coils of the garter spring
357
may become encrusted. In such applications, the finger spring 256 may be a
better alternative. Optionally, an 0-ring may be used.
The above description and drawings are only illustrative of certain
preferred versions which achieve the objects, features and advantages of the
present invention. It is not intended that the present invention be iitnited
to these
versions. For example, although two-piece seals are iU.ustrated and described,
the
present invention is not to be so limited and can include seals with a
different
number of pieces. Further, although the seals illustrated and described
include
pieces which interlock one with the other, the present invention may include
seals
having separate pieces which do not interlock. In addition, while the seals
illustrated for use with the housing 160 lack an axially directed opening 72,
the
seals used with the housing 160 may be formed with the opening 72. Further,
the
seal illustrated for use with the housing 60 may be formed without the opening
72. Further, the seal embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 may utilize the
biasing
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means illustrated in FIGS. 4-6 for biasing the flange 56, 156 toward the
contact
surface 18 of the rotor 12.
What is claimed is:
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